above
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++a·bove1 /əˈbʌv/ ●●● S2 W1 adverb, preposition 1 ABOVEin a higher position than something else 在（…）上方 SYN over OPP below Our office is above the hairdresser’s. 我们的办公室在理发店上面。 He had a bruise just above his left eye. 就在他左眼上方有块瘀伤。 I heard a strange noise coming from the room above. 我听见楼上房间传来奇怪的响声。 The great bird hovered high above our heads. 那只大鸟在我们头顶上方的高处盘旋。2 MORE THAN A NUMBER OR AMOUNTmore than a particular number, amount, or level 大于，高于，超出 OPP below 50 metres above sea level 海拔50米above freezing/zero (=higher than the temperature at which water freezes) 零度以上 Tonight, temperatures should be just above freezing. 今晚的温度应该稍稍高于零度。and/or above free medical care for pensioners aged 65 and above 为65岁及以上的退休金领取者提供的免费医疗 Prize winners must have gained marks of 80% or above. 获奖者肯定得到了80分或80分以上。 The salaries we offer are well above (=much higher than) average. 我们提供的薪资远高于平均水平。3 MORE THAN something OR somebody ELSEto a greater degree than something else 高于，重于，甚于 Many employers value personality above experience or qualifications. 许多雇主重视个性甚于经验或资历。above all (else) (=used to say that something is more important than anything else) 最重要的是 Max is hard-working, cheerful, and above all honest. 马克斯工作努力、性格开朗，最重要的是为人诚实。 medals awarded for bravery above and beyond the call of duty (=greater than it is your duty to show) 为超越职责要求的勇敢精神而颁发的奖章4 LOUD/NOISYlouder or clearer than other sounds 〔声音〕比…高[清楚] You can always hear her voice above everybody else’s. 你总会听到她的嗓门压过其他所有的人。5 POSITION/RANKhigher in rank, power, or importance 〔级别、权力或地位〕大于，高于；在上，以上 OPP below He never rose above the rank of corporal. 他的军衔一直没有超过下士。and/or above officers of the rank of Major and above 少校及少校以上的军官from above (=from people in higher authority) 来自上级的 We just obey orders from above. 我们只是遵守上级的命令。6 formal before, in the same piece of writing 上述，在上文 OPP below As mentioned above, there is a service charge. 如上所述，须收取服务费。 Write to the address above for further information. 详情请致函上述地址查询。7 not be above (doing) something to not be too good or honest to do something 没有好[诚实]到不做某事 Eileen’s not above flirting with the boss when it suits her. 艾琳在适当的时候还是会和老板调调情的。8 be above suspicion/reproach/criticism etc GOOD/MORALto be so good that no one can doubt or criticize you 无可置疑/指责/批评等 Even the king’s closest advisers were not above suspicion. 即使国王的心腹顾问也不能排除嫌疑。9. get above yourself PROUDto think you are better or more important than you really are 自高自大，自命不凡 → over and above at over1(14), → be above the law at law(13)
Examples from the Corpus
above• Big-screen TVs are defined as 27 inches or above.• officers of the rank of Major and above• See the rates listed above.• The cereal goes in the cabinet above.• None of the organizations mentioned above answered our inquiries.• students of above-average ability• Christine Liddell, above, talks to Santa.high above• This is what it says, high above a doorway, in big block letters, at Pasadena's Clearwater Seafood.• Some one was beating what sounded like a tambourine, and, high above all this, Robert thought he heard a flute.• And I walk, balancing on these two stilts, high above the floor.• The Hotel Girasole in Bormio 2000, high above the medieval town of Bormio, is the perfect destination for pre-teen skiers.• Bird flew high above the simple pop songs upon which they were based, developing new ideas and melodies on the spot.• Forget Michelangelo, lying on his back high above the Sistine Chapel floor to paint his famous frescoes.• The east end is triapsidal and the choir is raised high above the superb crypt.above freezing/zero• In any case, short-term rates are not far above zero.• It roots out vines, truffles for lemon trees painfully heated by charcoal to three degrees above freezing.• The temperature hovered just above freezing, and a brisk wind turned the rain into slanting sheets of icy daggers.• It can be forty above zero in Eugene and ten below zero in Bend, a two-hour drive to the east.• Even in summer, the temperature rarely rises above freezing point.• The snow may crust at night, due to outward radiation, even thought the air temperature remains well above freezing point.• Yet it was not really cold here; the temperature was well above freezing point.• Temperatures inevitably will rise above zero, she said.above all (else)• He must try to explain to them that Sylvie's suicide was above all an appropriate finale to her life.• A faintly comical figure, he fears ridicule above all else.• Above all, I want my daughter to be confident.• I was not to answer the phone; above all I was not to speak to the press.• But what Yorkshiremen want above all is a winning team.• Although it is somewhat limited in its applications it is easy to operate and above all it is fun.• And above all, it means that the government can not, in private, pre-empt consensus.• It was, sheer character in any man to retain that particular sentiment above all others.• But above all, this was a loyal speech.and/or above• Direct taxation was indeed low, at a flat rate of 1 s. in the pound on incomes of £150 or above.• He brought to friendship, as to his work, perceptiveness, integrity and above all enjoyment.• Although it is somewhat limited in its applications it is easy to operate and above all it is fun.• Shanti loathed country walks, preferring gift shops, shops of all kinds, parties, and above all - people!• Its route will pass mainly through soft rock and above deep-lying, brackish ground water.• A penchant for setting oneself apart and above mere mortals.• The more to the left of and above the dashed straight line a curve is, the more potential exists for improvement.• These will be fastened on and above them a platform.above2 ●●○ W3 adjective 1 TCN[only before noun] used in a piece of writing to refer to something mentioned in an earlier part of the same piece of writing 上述的2 the above formal something mentioned before in the same piece of writing 上述内容Examples from the Corpus
above• Groscost has answers for all of the above.• Write to the above address for more information.• President Clinton does not support any of the above amendments.• Applicants for certificates must notify the Society if any of the above cases apply.• City offices in the above counties will be closed Wednesday.• The above diagram shows a diesel car engine.• What is clear is that, in the above passage, he is not making the objection against himself.• On receipt of the above recommendations, a special committee of the National Leprosy Fund was appointed to review the report.• To gain the award candidates must choose any one of the above sectors and also complete their 3 Business Administration units.• The above woman's reference number is 105375.a·bove1 adverbabove2 adjectiveChineseSyllable
position higher in something than else Corpus a
above
a‧bove1 S2 W1 /əˈbʌv/ 
adverb, preposition
1. in a higher position than something else
SYN over
OPP below:
Our office is above the hairdresser’s.
He had a bruise just above his left eye.
I heard a strange noise coming from the room above.
The great bird hovered high above our heads.
2. more than a particular number, amount, or level
OPP below:
50 metres above sea level
above freezing/zero (=higher than the temperature at which water freezes)
Tonight, temperatures should be just above freezing.
and/or above
free medical care for pensioners aged 65 and above
Prize winners must have gained marks of 80% or above.
The salaries we offer are well above (=much higher than) average.
3. to a greater degree than something else:
Many employers value personality above experience or qualifications.
above all (else) (=used to say that something is more important than anything else)
Max is hard-working, cheerful, and above all honest.
medals awarded for bravery above and beyond the call of duty (=greater than it is your duty to show)
4. louder or clearer than other sounds:
You can always hear her voice above everybody else’s.
5. higher in rank, power, or importance
OPP below:
He never rose above the rank of corporal.
and/or above
officers of the rank of Major and above
from above (=from people in higher authority)
We just obey orders from above.
6. formal before, in the same piece of writing
OPP below:
As mentioned above, there is a service charge.
Write to the address above for further information.
7. not be above (doing) something to not be too good or honest to do something:
Eileen’s not above flirting with the boss when it suits her.
8. be above suspicion/reproach/criticism etc to be so good that no one can doubt or criticize you:
Even the king’s closest advisers were not above suspicion.
9. get above yourself to think you are better or more important than you really are
⇨ over and above at over1(14), ⇨ be above the law at law(13)
above2 W3 adjective
a. [only before noun] used in a piece of writing to refer to something mentioned in an earlier part of the same piece of writing:
For the above reasons, the management has no choice but to close the factory.
b. the above formal something mentioned before in the same piece of writing:
If none of the above applies to you, you may be able to reclaim tax.
| I |
adverb, preposition1. in a higher position than something else
SYN over
OPP below:
2. more than a particular number, amount, or level
OPP below:
above freezing/zero (=higher than the temperature at which water freezes)
and/or above
3. to a greater degree than something else:
above all (else) (=used to say that something is more important than anything else)
4. louder or clearer than other sounds:
5. higher in rank, power, or importance
OPP below:
and/or above
from above (=from people in higher authority)
6. formal before, in the same piece of writing
OPP below:
7. not be above (doing) something to not be too good or honest to do something:
8. be above suspicion/reproach/criticism etc to be so good that no one can doubt or criticize you:
9. get above yourself to think you are better or more important than you really are
⇨ over and above at over1(14), ⇨ be above the law at law(13)
| II |
adjective
a. [only before noun] used in a piece of writing to refer to something mentioned in an earlier part of the same piece of writing:
b. the above formal something mentioned before in the same piece of writing:
Above andover can both be used to describe a position higher than something.* above 和 over 均可表示位置高于…或在…上 ：◆ They built a new room above/over the garage. 他们在车库上面加建了一个房间。 When you are talking about movement from one side of something to the other, you can only use over .表示从某物的一边移至另一边只能用 over ：◆ They jumped over the stream. 他们跳过了小溪。 Over can also mean 'covering'.* over 亦可表示覆盖着 ：◆ He put a blanket over the sleeping child. 他把毯子盖在睡着了的孩子身上。 Above andover can also mean 'more than'.Above is used in relation to a minimum level or a fixed point.* above 和 over 亦可表示多于。above 与最低限度或某固定值关联 ：◆ 2 000 feet above sea level 海拔 2 000 英尺 ◆ Temperatures will not rise above zero tonight. 今天夜间的温度不会高于零度。 Over is used with numbers, ages, money and time.* over 与数目、年龄、金钱和时间连用 ：◆ He's over 50. 他已年过半百。 ◆ It costs over £100. 这个花了 100 多英镑。 ◆ We waited over 2 hours. 我们等了两个多小时。
Highlighting an important point 强调重点
◆ This case emphasizes /highlights the importance of honest communication between managers and employees.这个事例凸显出经理与员工之间坦诚交流的重要性。 ◆ Effective communication skills are essential /crucial /vital .有效的交流技巧是至关重要的。 ◆ It should be noted that this study considers only verbal communication. Non-verbal communication is not dealt with here.应该注意的是本研究只考查了言语交流，在此没有涉及非言语交流。 ◆ It is important to remember that /An important point to remember is that non-verbal communication plays a key role in getting your message across.非言语交流在传递信息过程中起着重要的作用，记住这一点非常重要。 ◆ Communication is not only about the words you use but also your body language and, especially /above all , the effectiveness with which you listen.交流不仅涉及使用的词语，同时也涉及身体语言，尤其与能否有效听取对方的话有关。 ◆ I would like to draw attention to the role of listening in effective communication.我想让大家注意倾听在有效交流中扮演的角色。 ◆ Choose your words carefully: in particular , avoid confusing and ambiguous language.注意用词，特别是避免使用令人费解和有歧义的语言。 ◆ Finally, and perhaps most importantly , you must learn to listen as well as to speak.最后，也许是最重要的，你不仅要学会说还要学会听。