action

Word family  noun act action ≠ inaction activity ≠ inactivity reaction interaction overacting adjective acting active ≠ inactive verb act ≠ overact adverb actively

 Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++朗文当代英语 5++LDOCE 5++朗文 5++ac·tion1 /ˈækʃən/ ●●● S1 W1 noun  1  doing STH 做某事 [uncountable] the process of doing something, especially in order to achieve a particular thing 行动 The government must take action (=do something) now to stop the rise in violent crime. 政府现在必须采取行动遏止暴力犯罪的上升。action on Environmental groups want tougher action on pollution from cars. 环境保护团体希望对汽车污染采取更严厉的措施。 She was looking forward to putting her ideas into action (=doing the things she had planned). 她盼望着将自己的想法付诸实施。 Ambulance crews are ready to spring into action (=suddenly start doing something) if anything goes wrong during the race. 救护车急救人员随时准备出动，以应对比赛期间发生的意外。2  STH done 所做的事DO [countable] something that someone does 行为，作为quick/swift/prompt action Her prompt actions probably saved my life. 她敏捷的行动很可能救了我一命。 The child could not be held responsible for his actions (=he was too young to be blamed for them). 不能要求这个小孩对自己的行为负责。defend/justify your action(s) The chief of police tried to justify his actions. 警察局长试图为自己的行为辩解。3  in action DOsomeone or something that is in action is doing the job or activity they are trained or designed to do 在工作；在活动；在运转 photos of ski jumpers in action 跳台滑雪者跳下时的照片see/watch something/somebody in action I’d like to see the new computer system in action. 我希望看到新的计算机系统运行起来。4  out of action BROKEN a) broken and not working 失灵，发生故障 The photocopier is out of action again. 复印机又出故障了。 b) injured and unable to do anything 〔受伤而〕不能做事put/keep somebody out of action The injury will keep him out of action for a month. 这次受伤将使他一个月无法做事。5  fighting 战斗WAR [uncountable] fighting during a war 战斗 There have been reports of widespread enemy action in the area. 据报敌军在该地区开展大规模行动。killed/wounded in action (=killed or wounded while fighting) 阵亡/战斗中负伤 His father was killed in action in Vietnam. 他的父亲在越战中阵亡。 530 servicemen were reported missing in action (=they were never seen again after a battle). 据报有530名军人在战斗中失踪。 The men were sent into action with little or no training. 这些男子被送上战场时几乎没有或根本未经训练。n He had seen action (=been involved in fighting) in Korea.5He had seen action (= been involved in fighting ) in France.他在法国打过仗。► see thesaurus at war6  legal 法律上的 [countable, uncountable] a legal or formal process to decide whether someone has done something wrong 诉讼 They are threatening to take legal action against the hospital (=start a court case against them). 他们扬言要起诉这家医院。 The director faces disciplinary action (=official action to punish him). 那位董事面临纪律处分。 The matter is now the subject of a court action (=a court case). 此事现在成了一桩诉讼的争议事项。 The students agreed to drop their action (=decided not to continue with a court case or an official complaint). 学生们同意撤诉。 The sisters brought a libel action against the newspaper (=started a court case). 那家姐妹起诉报社诽谤。7  excitement 激动 [uncountable] a) informal exciting things that are happening 令人激动的事 There hasn’t been much action around here for months. 几个月来这里没有发生多少有意思的事。 New York is where all the action is. 纽约是最繁华喧闹的地方。 b) an action film has a lot of exciting scenes in it, in which people fight, chase, and kill each other 〔电影〕有许多打斗刺激镜头的 Gibson became famous in action movies. 吉布森演动作片出了名。 a TV action hero 一个电视动作片男主角8  the events in a story/film etc 故事/电影等中的情节the action STORYthe events in a story, film, play etc 情节 Most of the action takes place in San Francisco. 大部分情节发生在旧金山。 The action opens (=starts) in a barbershop. 故事在一家理发店拉开序幕。9  movement 活动MOVE/CHANGE POSITION [countable, uncountable] the way something moves or works 动作；功能action of the action of the heart 心脏功能 a smooth braking action 平稳的制动过程10  effect 作用EFFECT/INFLUENCE [uncountable] the effect that a substance, especially a chemical, has on something 〔尤指化学物的〕作用action of The drug blocks the action of the cancer gene. 这种药能遏制癌症基因的作用。action on/upon the action of alcohol on the liver 酒精对肝脏的影响11  action group/committee etc SSOa group formed to change a social or political situation – often used in names 行动小组/委员会等〔常用于名称〕 the Child Poverty Action Group 儿童贫困行动小组12  a piece/slice of the action informal an opportunity to be involved in an event or activity, especially one that will be enjoyable or will make money 参与，插手〔尤指为了玩乐、赚钱〕 If you want a slice of the action, tickets may still be available. 要是你们想一起去，可能还有票。13. actions speak louder than words DOused to say that you are judged by what you do, and not by what you say 行动胜于言辞n14. → action! → affirmative action COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 1: the process of doing something, especially in order to achieve a particular thing 行动verbstake action (=do something to deal with a problem) 采取行动The government must take action to control inflation. 政府必须采取行动控制通货膨胀。demand/call for action (=ask forcefully) 强烈要求采取行动Voters are demanding tougher action on gun crime. 选民强烈要求对涉枪犯罪采取更严厉的措施。swing/spring/leap into action (=suddenly start doing something) 突然行动起来nThe fire crew immediately swung into action.put something into action (=start doing something you have planned to do) 将某事付诸实施She was looking forward to putting her plans into action. 她盼望着将自己的想法付诸实施。nThe committee uses the expertise of local organisations to put these ideas into action.adjectivesimmediate/prompt/swift action 迅速的行动The public wants immediate action to stop the terrorists. 民众希望立即采取措施阻止恐怖分子的活动。urgent action (=that needs to be done immediately) 紧急行动The Opposition called for urgent action to reduce unemployment. 反对党要求采取紧急措施降低失业率。firm/tough action 坚决/严厉措施We need firm action to deal with the problem. 我们需要采取坚决措施来解决这个问题。decisive action (=that has a big effect on the way something develops) 决定性的措施nWe are urging the international community to take decisive action on debt relief.drastic action (=that has a very severe effect) 严厉措施nThe president decided to take drastic action.further action 进一步措施nNo further action is necessary.direct action (=that is aimed at making a government or company do something) 直接行动nIn a bid to stop whale hunting, Greenpeace have threatened direct action.political action 政治行动nSome forms of political action are more effective than others.industrial/strike action (=that workers take in order to protest about pay, working conditions etc) 劳工/罢工行动nThe miners voted in favour of industrial action.joint action (=that two or more countries, organizations etc take together) 联合行动nCommunity leaders agreed to take joint action on scientific, social and environmental issues.phrasesa course of action 行动步骤Have you decided on a course of action? 行动方案你决定了吗？a plan of action 行动计划The General outlined his plan of action for the campaign. 将军概述了他的作战计划。nEnvironmental groups have put forward an action plan.n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 5: fighting during a war 战斗phrasesbe killed/wounded in action (=killed or wounded while fighting)Four of her sons have been killed in action.be missing in action (=used to say that a soldier has not returned after a battle and their body has not been found)A further 9,000 allied military personnel are still officially listed as missing in action.verbssee action (=be involved in fighting)By the time he was 20 he’d seen action in the Gulf War and Bosnia.go into actionAmerican soldiers are going into action against the Mujahadin. be sent into actionHe declared that French soldiers will not be sent into action in Iraq.adjectivesmilitary actionAmerica is not ruling out military action against Iran.enemy actionThe ship was damaged by enemy action.n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 6: a legal or formal process to decide whether someone has done something wrong 诉讼adjectiveslegal actionThe singer threatened legal action against the magazine.court actionThe couple are still considering whether to take court action.a libel action (=taken against someone who has written or printed untrue statements about you)Judge Johan Kreigler dismissed a libel action brought against two newspapers.a civil action (=involving business or property, rather than a crime)The victim can seek damages in a civil action. verbstake legal actionHe is within his rights to take legal action.face legal actionThe council demanded that we remove the posters, or face legal action.bring a legal actionJustice Mayor ruled that she cannot bring a legal action for damages against the plaintiff. n THESAURUS – Meaning 2: something that someone doesaction noun [countable] something that someone doesHe is responsible for his own actions.They refused to give a reason for their actions.act noun [countable] a particular type of actionviolent acts | act of violence/kindness/defiance etcI believe the killing was an act of desperation.activities noun [plural] things that people do, especially for enjoyment or to achieve an aimleisure activitiespolitical activitiesSurveys may not give a true picture of people’s activities.behaviour British English, behavior American English noun [uncountable] the things that someone does and the way they behaveDo you think that advertisements really influence people’s behaviour? The man’s behaviour seemed rather odd.move noun [countable] something that you do in order to achieve somethingHer decision to sell the shares had been a smart move.It’s a bold move to start a business in the current economic climate.He needed time to figure out his next move.step noun [countable] one of a series of things that you do in order to deal with a problem or to succeedThe first step is to make sure we have got funding for the project.We must take steps to make sure that this does not happen again.This is an important step towards peace.measure noun [countable] an official action that is intended to deal with a particular problemThere are increased security measures at airports.The school was closed as a precautionary measure following a chemical leak.gesture noun [countable] something that you do to show how you feel about someone or somethingDo you think it would be a nice gesture to send her some flowers? | gesture of goodwill/solidarity/defianceThe company gave us £100 as a gesture of goodwill.deed noun [countable] especially literary an action, especially one that is very good or very badevil deedsheroic deedsThis is my good deed for the day.exploits noun [plural] formal exciting or brave actionsdaring exploitsHis exploits were legendary.feat noun [countable] something someone does that people admire because you need a lot of skill, courage, or strength to do itCompleting a marathon is a remarkable feat for a six-year-old.The bridge is a great feat of engineering.

Examples from the Corpus

action• an action-adventure movie• Bedell's financial problems do not excuse his actions.• The child could not be held responsible for his actions.• The manager is master only of his actions, not the outcomes of those actions.• Some senators are urging military action.• It's been politics as usual - all talk and no action.• But the betting is the central bank will take no action on interest rates at that time.• There was only one possible course of action - he had to resign.• The agency has promised action on the pollution problem for years, but nothing has happened.• Ben's prompt action probably saved my life.• It's got a repeating action.• The clock's action needs to be adjusted.• Strong action is needed to restore law and order.• The rock had been worn away by the action of the falling water.• Jansen recounts the battle by describing the action on a pair of screens that the winner gave his daughter.• You can't be blamed for the actions of your parents.• Eventually we must try to decide whether even these theories are rich enough to govern the actions of our brains and minds.• When the action ended, there were terrible losses on both sides.• the action of the heart• These actions followed a Journal article in August that raised questions about the accuracy of company statements about its business affairs.• In bringing this action, we did what we had to do.• the horse's trotting actiontake action• The President may step in and take action to lower energy prices.• In becoming the best companies it is these attitudes that they seek out and take action to change.• Unless governments take action, the Earth's atmosphere will continue to heat up.• The third step is taking action about the concerns that are discussed.• Police are not taking action until they know whether the men face charges.• This meant that cases were sent where, clearly, the D.P.P. would not take action.• What kind of reinforcement did you and others provide the person when he or she took action?• Congress is expected to take action on campaign finance reform soon.• The police were criticized for failing to take action during the riots.• His narrow escape at Petit-Clamart finally convinced the General that it was time to take action to meet both dangers at once.• The school will take strong action against any students using illegal drugs.• In some cases we will take action against you which could lead to you being dismissed.• Most people would take action in those circumstances.quick/swift/prompt action• It will prevent the taking of prompt action to improve failing schools.• Some pretty quick action had taken place and she had no doubt at all as to who had been issuing orders.• Wall Street wants Greenspan to take quick action to boost the flagging economy.• Elliot realized that prompt action was necessary, as did Anson Jones, president of the Republic of Texas.• Speaking at a packed fringe meeting, however, Mr Heseltine urged quick action.• With swift action and investment from all the industrialised nations, acid rain could become a thing of the past.• Without prompt action, the zoo may be the only place where a safari is possible.enemy action• Always known as Wesley's Cottage it was destroyed by enemy action in May 1941.• Sadly, he says, all the actual trophies were destroyed by enemy action during the war.• Between 1939 and 1945,80,000 men, women and children were killed by enemy action on the Home Front.• He showed great fortitude and tenacity in carrying on his professional work in spite of adversity resulting from enemy action.take legal action• The Commission is also taking legal action against most other member countries over water quality.• Citizens' groups are taking legal action to prevent the expansion of the freeway.• But of the 28,000 names affected by this scandal, 16,000 are currently taking legal action.• Even those who did take legal action received little advantage from it.• Cheltzie Hentz is taking legal action against two fellow primary school pupils after they swore at her on a bus.• That's where legal expenses insurance helps - it protects against the cost of taking legal action.• He asked that Woods' office take legal action to kill the district.• Section 47 imposes a positive duty on investigating authorities to see the child and to take legal action if access is denied.• The government will also provide a platform for farmers to take legal action against retailers if they feel they are being exploited.action hero• As an action hero, Fletcher fails miserably in this endeavor.• Just ask Scratchman, the goofy action hero who crusades for truth, justice and the Texas Lottery. action on/upon• Physical knowledge is knowledge of properties of objects and is derived from actions on objects.• The secretary of war approved his action on October 7,1837.• Following an hourlong hearing, a three-member panel of judges took no immediate action on the lawsuit.• The organisation which is gifted with intelligence shows it by arranging its actions on a certain plan ...• Logical-mathematical knowledge is knowledge constructed from physical or mental actions on objects.• It could never take regulatory action on the basis of a criticism or a complaint alone.• The sanding action on all the surfaces we tested was excellent.• Now he turned the sound down and watched the action on the screen.naction!AMFused by film directors to give the instruction to begin filming 开拍！〔电影导演下令开始拍摄时用语〕 Lights, camera, action! 灯光，摄影，开拍！action2 verb [transitive] formal  to do a specific thing that needs to be done, especially after discussing it 就…进行处理，对…采取行动 How are we actually going to action these objectives? 我们究竟如何实现这些目标呢？→ See Verb tableFrom Longman Business Dictionaryactionac‧tion /ˈækʃən/ noun1[countable, uncountable] when someone does something in order to deal with a problem or difficult situationThe government’s action was prompted by shortages of foreign exchange.We must take action to make our shares accessible to a broader segment of the investing public. → see also right of action → affirmative action → direct action → industrial action → job action → secondary action → strike action2[uncountable] when important things happen, for example when there is a lot of buying or selling or prices rise or fallThe tax cut was intended to restore some market action in the banking and real-estate sectors.3[countable, uncountable]LAW the process of taking a case or a claim against someone to a court of lawThey began an action to repossess the house.When the loan was not repaid, he threatened legal action.They will bring an action against him if he does not repay the loan. → class action → frivolous action → personal actionOrigin action (1300-1400) Old French Latin actio, from agere; → ACT1

ac·tion1 noun →COLLOCATIONS1 →n COLLOCATIONS2
→n COLLOCATIONS3 →n THESAURUS1action!action2 verbLDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable  

especially in to doing process order Business Corpus the of something,

action

I

ac‧tion¹ S1 W1 /ˈækʃən/ noun1.  DOING SOMETHING  [uncountable] the process of doing something, especially in order to achieve a particular thing:
    The government must take action (=do something) now to stop the rise in violent crime.
    action on
    Environmental groups want tougher action on pollution from cars.
    She was looking forward to putting her ideas into action (=doing the things she had planned).
    Ambulance crews are ready to spring into action (=suddenly start doing something) if anything goes wrong during the race.
2.  SOMETHING DONE  [countable] something that someone does
    quick/swift/prompt action
    Her prompt actions probably saved my life.
    The child could not be held responsible for his actions (=he was too young to be blamed for them).
    defend/justify your action(s)
    The chief of police tried to justify his actions.
3. in action someone or something that is in action is doing the job or activity they are trained or designed to do:
    photos of ski jumpers in action
    see/watch something/somebody in action
    I’d like to see the new computer system in action.
4. out of action
  a. broken and not working:
    The photocopier is out of action again.
  b. injured and unable to do anything
    put/keep somebody out of action
    The injury will keep him out of action for a month.
5.  FIGHTING  [uncountable] fighting during a war:
    There have been reports of widespread enemy action in the area.
    killed/wounded in action (=killed or wounded while fighting)
    His father was killed in action in Vietnam.
    530 servicemen were reported missing in action (=they were never seen again after a battle).
    The men were sent into action with little or no training.
    He had seen action (=been involved in fighting) in Korea.
6.  LEGAL  [uncountable and countable] a legal or formal process to decide whether someone has done something wrong:
    They are threatening to take legal action against the hospital (=start a court case against them).
    The director faces disciplinary action (=official action to punish him).
    The matter is now the subject of a court action (=a court case).
    The students agreed to drop their action (=decided not to continue with a court case or an official complaint).
    The sisters brought a libel action against the newspaper (=started a court case).
7.  EXCITEMENT  [uncountable]
  a. informal exciting things that are happening:
    There hasn’t been much action around here for months.
    New York is where all the action is.
  b. an action film has a lot of exciting scenes in it, in which people fight, chase, and kill each other:
    Gibson became famous in action movies.
    a TV action hero
8.  THE EVENTS IN A STORY/FILM ETC the action the events in a story, film, play etc:
    Most of the action takes place in San Francisco.
    The action opens (=starts) in a barbershop.
9.  MOVEMENT  [uncountable and countable] the way something moves or works
    action of
    the action of the heart
    a smooth braking action
10.  EFFECT  [uncountable] the effect that a substance, especially a chemical, has on something
    action of
    The drug blocks the action of the cancer gene.
    action on/upon
    the action of alcohol on the liver
11. action group/committee etc a group formed to change a social or political situation – often used in names:
    the Child Poverty Action Group
12. a piece/slice of the action informal an opportunity to be involved in an event or activity, especially one that will be enjoyable or will make money:
    If you want a slice of the action, tickets may still be available.
13. actions speak louder than words used to say that you are judged by what you do, and not by what you say
14. action__ used by film directors to give the instruction to begin filming:
    Lights, camera, action__
⇨ affirmative action
     

COLLOCATIONS

(for Meaning 1)

■ verbs
   ▪ take action (=do something to deal with a problem) The government must take action to control inflation.
   ▪ demand/call for action (=ask forcefully) Voters are demanding tougher action on gun crime.
   ▪ swing/spring/leap into action (=suddenly start doing something) The fire crew immediately swung into action.
   ▪ put something into action (=start doing something you have planned to do) She was looking forward to putting her plans into action. | The committee uses the expertise of local organisations to put these ideas into action.
■ adjectives
   ▪ immediate/prompt/swift action The public wants immediate action to stop the terrorists.
   ▪ urgent action (=that needs to be done immediately) The Opposition called for urgent action to reduce unemployment.
   ▪ firm/tough action We need firm action to deal with the problem.
   ▪ decisive action (=that has a big effect on the way something develops) We are urging the international community to take decisive action on debt relief.
   ▪ drastic action (=that has a very severe effect) The President decided to take drastic action.
   ▪ further action No further action is necessary.
   ▪ direct action (=that is aimed at making a government or company do something) In a bid to stop whale hunting, Greenpeace have threatened direct action.
   ▪ political action Some forms of political action are more effective than others.
   ▪ industrial/strike action (=that workers take in order to protest about pay, working conditions etc) The miners voted in favour of industrial action.
   ▪ joint action (=that two or more countries, organizations etc take together) Community leaders agreed to take joint action on scientific, social and environmental issues.
■ phrases
   ▪ a course of action Have you decided on a course of action?
   ▪ a plan of action The General outlined his plan of action for the campaign. | Environmental groups have put forward an action plan.
     

COLLOCATIONS

(for Meaning 5)

■ phrases
   ▪ be killed/wounded in action (=killed or wounded while fighting) Four of her sons have been killed in action.
   ▪ be missing in action (=used to say that a soldier has not returned after a battle and their body has not been found) A further 9,000 allied military personnel are still officially listed as missing in action.
■ verbs
   ▪ see action (=be involved in fighting) By the time he was 20 he’d seen action in the Gulf War and Bosnia.
   ▪ go into action American soldiers are going into action against the Mujahadin.
   ▪ be sent into action He declared that French soldiers will not be sent into action in Iraq.
■ adjectives
   ▪ military action America is not ruling out military action against Iran.
   ▪ enemy action The ship was damaged by enemy action.
     

COLLOCATIONS

(for Meaning 6)

■ adjectives
   ▪ legal action The singer threatened legal action against the magazine.
   ▪ court action The couple are still considering whether to take court action.
   ▪ a libel action (=taken against someone who has writen or printed untrue statements about you) Judge Johan Kreigler dismissed a libel action brought against two newspapers.
   ▪ a civil action (=involving business or property, rather than a crime) The victim can seek damages in a civil action.
■ verbs
   ▪ take legal action He is within his rights to take legal action.
   ▪ face legal action The council demanded that we remove the posters, or face legal action.
   ▪ bring a legal action Justice Mayor ruled that she cannot bring a legal action for damages against the plaintiff.
     

THESAURUS

(for Meaning 2)

   ▪ action noun [countable] something that someone does: He is responsible for his own actions. | They refused to give a reason for their actions.
   ▪ act noun [countable] a particular type of action: violent acts | act of violence/kindness/defiance etc: I believe the killing was an act of desperation.
   ▪ activities noun [plural] things that people do, especially for enjoyment or to achieve an aim: leisure activities | political activities | Surveys may not give a true picture of people’s activities.
   ▪ behaviour British English, behavior American English noun [uncountable] the things that someone does and the way they behave: Do you think that advertisements really influence people’s behaviour? | The man’s behaviour seemed rather odd.
   ▪ move noun [countable] something that you do in order to achieve something: Her decision to sell the shares had been a smart move. | It’s a bold move to start a business in the current economic climate. | He needed time to figure out his next move.
   ▪ step noun [countable] one of a series of things that you do in order to deal with a problem or to succeed: The first step is to make sure we have got funding for the project. | We must take steps to make sure that this does not happen again. | This is an important step towards peace.
   ▪ measure noun [countable] an official action that is intended to deal with a particular problem: There are increased security measures at airports. | The school was closed as a precautionary measure following a chemical leak.
   ▪ gesture noun [countable] something that you do to show how you feel about someone or something: Do you think it would be a nice gesture to send her some flowers? | gesture of goodwill/solidarity/defiance: The company gave us £100 as a gesture of goodwill.
   ▪ deed noun [countable] especially literary an action, especially one that is very good or very bad: evil deeds | heroic deeds | This is my good deed for the day.
   ▪ exploits noun [plural] formal exciting or brave actions: daring exploits | His exploits were legendary.
   ▪ feat noun [countable] something someone does that people admire because you need a lot of skill, courage, or strength to do it: Completing a marathon is a remarkable feat for a six-year-old. | The bridge is a great feat of engineering.

II

action² verb [transitive] formal
to do a specific thing that needs to be done, especially after discussing it:
    How are we actually going to action these objectives?