afraid
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++a·fraid /əˈfreɪd/ ●●● S1 W2 adjective [not before noun] 1 FRIGHTENEDfrightened because you think that you may get hurt or that something bad may happen 害怕的，恐惧的 SYN scaredbe/feel afraid There’s no need to be afraid. 没有必要害怕。afraid of something5 kids who are afraid of the dark怕黑的孩子n Many children are afraid of the dark.nafraid of somebodyn I was a little afraid of him when I first met him.afraid of doing something5 He was afraid of being caught by the police.他怕被警察抓住。n Some old people are afraid of going out alone.afraid to do something Zoe was afraid to go back into the house. 佐伊有点害怕回到那幢房子里。► see thesaurus at frightened RegisterIn everyday English, people often say scared rather than afraid: 在日常英语中，人们一般说scared，而不说afraidI’m scared of heights. 我恐高。2 WORRIEDworried that something bad will happen as a result of your actions 担心的，忧虑的afraid (that) He was afraid that the other kids would laugh at him. 他担心其他孩子会嘲笑他。n She was half afraid that he would say no (=a little afraid).afraid of doing something I didn’t tell her because I was afraid of upsetting her. 我没有告诉她，因为怕她不高兴。afraid of something The government was afraid of the reaction from the public. 政府担心民众强烈抗议。afraid to do something Don’t be afraid to ask for help. 不要怕寻求帮助。3 afraid for somebody/something worried that something bad may happen to a particular person or thing 为某人/某事担心 Her father looked ill and she was suddenly afraid for him. 她父亲似乎不舒服，她一下子为他担心起来。 Many of us were afraid for our jobs. 我们许多人为自己的工作担心。4 I’m afraid spokenFRIGHTENED used to politely tell someone something that may annoy, upset, or disappoint them 恐怕，很遗憾 That’s the most we can offer you, I’m afraid. 恐怕我们最多只能给你这些了。I’m afraid (that) I’m afraid you’ve come to the wrong address. 恐怕你找错地址了。 ‘Is she very ill?’ ‘I’m afraid so (=yes).’ “她病得很厉害吗？”“恐怕是的。” ‘Did you see him?’ ‘I’m afraid not (=no).’ “你见到他了吗？”“很遗憾，没有。”5 GRAMMAR 语法• Afraid to do something means 'unwilling to do something, because you are frightened or worried' afraid to do something的意思是害怕做某事They are afraid to express their political views.他们不敢表达自己的政治观点。• Afraid of doing something can also mean this afraid of doing something也有此含义When I was a child, I was afraid of going to sleep.我小时候害怕睡觉。• However, it more often means 'frightened or worried that something might happen as a result of your action' 但它更多的时候是“担心会发生某事”的意思They were afraid of damaging their careers.他们担心会毁掉自己的事业。n GRAMMAR: Comparisonafraid, frightened, scared• You feel afraid of someone or something: A lot of people are afraid of snakes. ✗Don’t say: afraid about something• You feel afraid to do something: I was afraid to tell anyone.• You can use the same patterns with frightened and scared: I was frightened of my father. She was too scared to talk.worried• You feel worried about someone or something: I was worried about my father.• You feel worried by something that has happened: Many people were worried by the news.
Examples from the Corpus
afraid• Now that he could do nothing, he felt afraid.• I could see she was afraid.• For centuries, no one had come along who could make him afraid.• Billy was afraid his aunt would punish him if he owned up.• I am afraid I don't know his second name, but I have been his friend since he was a boy.• Don't be afraid. I won't hurt you.• I didn't tell anyone, because I was afraid of being punished.• I have learned not to be afraid of fire.• He had a terrible temper and everyone was afraid of him.• It's amazing how many people are afraid of spiders.• We were afraid that this proud and energetic man might be forced to lie there paralyzed and helpless until his death.• I am afraid there will be a good deal of suffering among the poor this winter.• She was afraid to speak up in front of all these important people.• He was not afraid to throw less-touted Charlie Garner into the running-back mix.• I was afraid to turn around and look at all the others being kept out.afraid to do something• We have been all around Britain to put to them the intimate questions teachers and parents were too afraid to ask.• She was tense, almost afraid to breathe, almost afraid to meet his gaze.• Most women are basically too afraid to leave.• Could he be afraid to put them into words?• Bennett called her chicken, said she was afraid to race the newcomer.• Maybe-and this he feared more than anything-he would be afraid to seize such a moment when it came.• Gays afraid to speak out thank her for speaking for them.• We were afraid to use the buckets behind one of the partitions as we did during the air raids.afraid to do something• We have been all around Britain to put to them the intimate questions teachers and parents were too afraid to ask.• She was tense, almost afraid to breathe, almost afraid to meet his gaze.• Most women are basically too afraid to leave.• Could he be afraid to put them into words?• Bennett called her chicken, said she was afraid to race the newcomer.• Maybe-and this he feared more than anything-he would be afraid to seize such a moment when it came.• Gays afraid to speak out thank her for speaking for them.• We were afraid to use the buckets behind one of the partitions as we did during the air raids.Origin afraid (1300-1400) Past participle of affray “to frighten” ((14-19 centuries)), from Old French affreer; → AFFRAYa·fraid adjective →5 GRAMMAR1 →n GRAMMAR2
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afraid
a‧fraid S1 W2 /əˈfreɪd/
adjective [not before noun]
SYN scared:
There’s no need to be afraid.
afraid of (doing) something
kids who are afraid of the dark
He was afraid of being caught by the police.
afraid to do something
Zoe was half afraid (=a little afraid) to go back in the house.
REGISTER
In everyday English, people often say scared rather than afraid:
▪I’m scared of heights.
2. worried about what might happen, or that something bad will happen
afraid (that)
He was afraid that the other kids would laugh at him.
afraid of (doing) something
I didn’t tell her because I was afraid of upsetting her.
The government was afraid of a public outcry.
afraid to do something
Don’t be afraid to ask for help.
3. afraid for somebody/something worried that something bad may happen to a particular person or thing:
Her father looked ill and she was suddenly afraid for him.
Many of us were afraid for our jobs.
4. I’m afraid spoken used to politely tell someone something that may annoy, upset, or disappoint them:
That’s the most we can offer you, I’m afraid.
I’m afraid (that)
I’m afraid you’ve come to the wrong address.
‘Is she very ill?’ ‘I’m afraid so (=yes).’
‘Did you see him?’ ‘I’m afraid not (=no).’
GRAMMAR
Afraid to do something.means 'unwilling to do something, because you are frightened or worried':
▪They are afraid to express their political views.
Afraid of doing something.can also mean this:
▪When I was a child, I was afraid of going to sleep.
However, it more often means 'frightened or worried that something might happen as a result of your action':
▪They were afraid of damaging their careers.
▪ frightened feeling worried because you might get hurt or because something bad might happen: I was too frightened to say anything. | Many animals are frightened of fireworks. | Frightened residents called the police as the gang started throwing bricks.
▪scared [not before noun] especially spoken frightened. Scared is less formal than frightened and is the usual word to use in everyday English: I’m scared of dogs. | Old people are too scared to go out of their homes.
▪afraid [not before noun] frightened. Afraid sounds more formal than frightened or scared: Children are often afraid of the dark. | I was afraid that I might say the wrong thing.
▪alarmed frightened and worried that something bad might happen: She was alarmed at the thought of performing in front of an audience. | Alarmed passengers spotted fuel leaking from the plane.
▪fearful formal frightened that something bad might happen: They are fearful of another terrorist attack. | He was fearful that he might make another mistake. | a fearful panic
a‧fraid S1 W2 /əˈfreɪd/
adjective [not before noun] Date: 1300-1400
Origin: Past participle of affray 'to frighten' (14-19 centuries), from Old French affreer; ⇨ affray
1. frightened because you think that you may get hurt or that something bad may happen Origin: Past participle of affray 'to frighten' (14-19 centuries), from Old French affreer; ⇨ affray
SYN scared:
afraid of (doing) something
afraid to do something
REGISTER
In everyday English, people often say scared rather than afraid:
▪
2. worried about what might happen, or that something bad will happen
afraid (that)
afraid of (doing) something
afraid to do something
3. afraid for somebody/something worried that something bad may happen to a particular person or thing:
4. I’m afraid spoken used to politely tell someone something that may annoy, upset, or disappoint them:
I’m afraid (that)
GRAMMAR
Afraid to do something.means 'unwilling to do something, because you are frightened or worried':
▪
Afraid of doing something.can also mean this:
▪
However, it more often means 'frightened or worried that something might happen as a result of your action':
▪
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cheap costing little money or less money than you expected; charging low prices 指花钱少、便宜、收费低廉 NOTE Cheap can also be used in a disapproving way to suggest that sth is poor quality as well as low in price.* cheap 亦可作贬义，指价低质劣 ：◆ a bottle of cheap perfume 一瓶低价劣质香水 competitive (of prices, goods or services) as cheap as or cheaper than those offered by other companies; able to offer goods or services at competitive prices 指价格、产品或服务收费方面具有竞争力 budget [ （尤用于广告）指仅提供基本服务因而价格低廉 affordable cheap enough for most people to afford 指多数人买得起或负担得来的 reasonable (of prices) not too expensive 指价格不太高、公道的 inexpensive ( cheaprather
指不昂贵 NOTE Inexpensive is often used to mean that sth is good value for its price. It is sometimes used instead ofcheap , becausecheap can suggest that sth is poor quality.* inexpensive 常含物有所值之义，有时用以代替 cheap，因为 cheap 可有质量低劣的含义。
Patterns
cheap/competitive/budget/affordable/reasonable prices/fares/rates cheap/competitive/budget/affordable/inexpensive products/services
afraid [ 指害怕、担心不幸的事可能发生 ：◆ There's nothing to be afraid of. 没有什么要害怕的。 ◆ Aren't you afraid (that) you'll fall? 你不怕会跌倒吗？ frightened feeling fear; worried that sth bad might happen 指害怕、担心不幸的事可能发生 ：◆ a frightened child 受惊的孩子 ◆ She was frightened that the glass would break. 她担心玻璃会破碎。 scared ( feeling fear; worried that sth bad might happenrather
指害怕、担心不幸的事可能发生 ：◆ The thieves got scared and ran away. 小偷慌张起来，都跑掉了。
afraid, frightened or scared? 用 afraid、frightened 还是 scared？
terrified very frightened 指恐惧、很害怕 ：◆ I was terrified (that) she wouldn't come. 我很害怕她不来。 ◆ She looked at him with wide, terrified eyes. 她看着他，双目圆睁，充满恐惧。 alarmed afraid that sth dangerous or unpleasant might happen 指担心危险或不快的事情发生 ：◆ She was alarmed at the prospect of travelling alone. 她一想到独自旅行的情景就害怕。 paranoid ( afraid or suspicious of other people and believing that they are trying to harm you, in a way that is not reasonablerather
指多疑、不合情理地恐惧 ：◆ You're just being paranoid. 你只是在疑神疑鬼。
Patterns
afraid/frightened/scared of spiders, etc.frightened/scared/paranoid about …afraid/frightened/scared/terrified that …afraid/frightened/scared to open the door, etc.Don't be afraid/frightened/scared/alarmed.