background
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++ldoce_014_dback·ground /ˈbækɡraʊnd/ ●●● S2 W2 noun 1 [countable]SS someone’s family, education, previous work etc 出身，个人背景 Students with a background in chemistry will probably find the course easier. 学过化学的学生可能会觉得这门课程容易些。 It’s important to understand other people, people from different backgrounds. 要理解别人，理解那些来自不同背景的人，这是很重要的。 Do you know anything about his background? 关于他的背景，你知道什么吗？2 [countable, uncountable]PAST the situation or past events that explain why something happens in the way that it does 〔事情的〕背景情况background to Without knowing the background to the case, I couldn’t possibly comment. 这案件我不了解背景情况，所以无法评论。against a background of something The peace talks are being held against a background of increasing violence. 这次和平谈判正在暴力冲突愈演愈烈的背景下进行。background information/details/data etc The author included a new chapter of background material for the second edition of the book. 作者为本书第二版新加了一章背景材料。3 [countable usually singular]BEHIND the area that is behind the main thing that you are looking at, especially in a picture 〔尤指图片上主要事物的〕背景，后景 The background looks out of focus. 背景看上去是模糊的。in the background In the background, you can see my college friends. 在背景中可以看到我的几个大学朋友。4 [countable]AVC the pattern or colour on top of which something has been drawn, printed etc 〔图画、文字等的〕底子，底色 red lettering on a white background 白底红字5 in the background SEEsomeone who keeps or stays in the background tries not to be noticed 在不显著的位置，在幕后 The president’s advisors are content to remain in the background. 总统的顾问甘居幕后。6 [countable, uncountable]C the sounds that you can hear apart from the main thing that you are listening to 背景的声音；杂音in the background In the background, I could hear the sound of traffic. 我听到背景中有车辆来往的声音。 All of the background noise made it difficult to have a phone conversation. 背景杂音很大，电话交谈很困难。 COLLOCATIONSadjectivesfamily background 家庭背景，家庭出身Many kids lack a stable family background. 许多小孩子缺乏稳定的家庭背景。social background 社会背景Universities aim to attract students from varied social backgrounds. 大学都力求吸引来自各种各样社会背景的学生。cultural background 文化背景Some of his attitudes were due to his cultural background. 他的某些态度源自他的文化背景。ethnic background 种族背景We do not discriminate against people because of their ethnic background or gender. 我们不会因为人们的种族背景或性别而对他们产生歧视。nclass backgroundClass background is an important factor in the level of schooling achieved.socio-economic background 社会经济背景Smokers often come from poorer socio-economic backgrounds. 烟民往往来自比较贫困的社会经济背景。educational/academic background 教育背景/学历The interviewer will ask you about your educational background and work experience. 面试主持人会问你的教育背景和工作经验。nPostgraduate students come from a wide range of academic backgrounds.nprofessional backgroundManagers can come from a wide range of professional backgrounds.a working-class/middle-class background 工人阶级/中产阶级背景nI came from a very poor working-class background.a deprived/disadvantaged background 贫困的家庭背景nThe school has a high percentage of pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds.na poor backgroundHis poor background prevented him from going to medical college.a privileged/wealthy background 特权阶层的/富裕的家庭背景nAll the top jobs were taken by people from privileged backgrounds.verbshave a background (in something) 具有（某方面的）背景We are looking for someone who has a background in science. 我们在找一个理科背景的人选。come from a background 来自某种背景Mark and I came from very similar backgrounds. 马克和我的背景非常相似。nphrasesa range of backgroundsPeople from a wide range of backgrounds go to watch football.
Examples from the Corpus
background• The elections are taking place against a background of widespread unemployment.• Steve has a background in computer engineering.• McWilliams said a background check would have revealed little because the man had no criminal record.• She would have preferred a woman of her own age and background.• Most of his friends were from similar middle-class backgrounds.• The organization helps children from working-class backgrounds to go to university.• Gary always tried to hide his working class background.• Passing sentence, Lord Sutherland said he took into account Hynd's domestic background.• In our class we have children of all different religious and ethnic backgrounds.• The school takes kids from all sorts of backgrounds.• The grating broadcasts sometimes switched to tapes of radio call-in shows and other background sounds of an electronic civilization.• And using Cousin Franklin as a premier background source, Joe was able to add considerably to his wealth and fame.• All of the men have different religious backgrounds.• It took five years for the author to research background information for her new book• The flag's five orange stripes stand out against a silver background.• Sylvie had always expected that she would marry someone of a similar background to herself.• We come from the same town and share a similar background.• O'Connor had had sentence deferred for psychiatric and social background reports last month.• It was a photo of everyone in my class, with the school building in the background.• A small building in the background of the original picture was a church built in 1882, McLelland said.• How quickly kids learn to read will often depend on both their ability and their backgrounds.• The invitations had red lettering on a white background.• If she was stuck with wanting a man whose background and conditioning were alien to her, then that was her problem.from different backgrounds• They come from different backgrounds and from a wide area.• Lesbian Women with Disabilities and Health - A 10 week course for lesbian women with disabilities from different backgrounds and situations.• The found the opportunity to learn from fellow managers from different backgrounds invaluable, particularly those from outside financial services.• We love matching people from different backgrounds who don't know each other.• You know I've always believed that people from different backgrounds shouldn't mix, it's not fair on the children.• Making it work with people from different backgrounds and different cultures can be exciting and life-enhancing.• A regular fortnightly meeting of practitioners from different backgrounds, with a shared task, helped to develop trust over time.• Six different nationalities were represented, ages were from 24 to 35 and all were from different backgrounds.against a background of something• The grassed oval arena, with its high embankment against a background of slender trees, should be visited.• It stood upright, balancing on its head against a background of indigo blue.• Art is judged against a background of an aesthetic theory: preferences are entirely subjective.• Conversation was carried on against a background of ear-splitting barking.• These developments took place against a background of growing activism on the abortion issue in the country at large.• I remember it as I saw it one evening, lit by the setting sun against a background of threatening clouds.• Punitive methods persistently used against a background of rejecting, hostile parental attitudes lead, in the long term, to trouble.• The dark shape was still visible against a background of dimly lit beams.in the background• Again, a palm across the mouthpiece and the drone of conversation in the background.• Some piano music tinkles gently in the background, a black Armani shirt clings softly to his chest.• This is an ideal species to be grown in the background of the tank and will give it a very natural look.• Tutilo hovered in the background, keeping himself modestly apart while his betters conferred.• Looming in the background are always the twin prospects of sudden incalculable wealth and instant agonizing death.• Lurking in the background, too, are the constant takeover rumors about the bank, the largest in Florida.• Fred Bradley stayed very much in the background and his soft, kind eyes helped to put her at ease.• A television was on in the background.• She saw Lee hoist the baby on his shoulder, with people passing in the background.• In the photograph, a statue of St. Andrew stood in the background.• Whitfield's mother stood in the background as he talked to reporters.• Palm trees swayed in the background.• While I was on the phone with Julie, I could hear the sound of a television in the background.in the background• Again, a palm across the mouthpiece and the drone of conversation in the background.• Some piano music tinkles gently in the background, a black Armani shirt clings softly to his chest.• This is an ideal species to be grown in the background of the tank and will give it a very natural look.• Tutilo hovered in the background, keeping himself modestly apart while his betters conferred.• Looming in the background are always the twin prospects of sudden incalculable wealth and instant agonizing death.• Lurking in the background, too, are the constant takeover rumors about the bank, the largest in Florida.• Fred Bradley stayed very much in the background and his soft, kind eyes helped to put her at ease.• She saw Lee hoist the baby on his shoulder, with people passing in the background.From Longman Business Dictionarybackgroundback‧ground /ˈbækgraʊnd/ noun [countable]1HUMAN RESOURCES someone’s past, for example their education, qualifications, and the jobs they have hadWe are looking for someone with a background in tourism.2in the backgroundCOMPUTING a computer program working in the background continues to function and do calculations while the user is working with another programback·ground noun →COLLOCATIONS1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
education, Corpus work etc family, previous someone’s Business
background
back‧ground S2 W2 /ˈbækɡraʊnd/
noun
1. [countable] someone’s family, education, previous work etc:
Students with a background in chemistry will probably find the course easier.
It’s important to understand other people, people from different backgrounds.
Do you know anything about his background?
2. [uncountable and countable] the situation or past events that explain why something happens in the way that it does
background to
Without knowing the background to the case, I couldn’t possibly comment.
against a background of something
The peace talks are being held against a background of increasing violence.
background information/details/data etc
The author included a new chapter of background material for the second edition of the book.
3. [countable usually singular] the area that is behind the main thing that you are looking at, especially in a picture:
The background looks out of focus.
in the background
In the background, you can see my college friends.
4. [countable] the pattern or colour on top of which something has been drawn, printed etc:
red lettering on a white background
5. in the background someone who keeps or stays in the background tries not to be noticed:
The president’s advisors are content to remain in the background.
6. [uncountable and countable] the sounds that you can hear apart from the main thing that you are listening to
in the background
In the background, I could hear the sound of traffic.
All of the background noise made it difficult to have a phone conversation.
■ adjectives
▪family background Many kids lack a stable family background.
▪social background Universities aim to attract students from varied social backgrounds.
▪cultural background Some of his attitudes were due to his cultural background.
▪ethnic background We do not discriminate against people because of their ethnic background or gender.
▪class background Class background is an important factor in the level of schooling achieved.
▪socio-economic background Smokers often come from poorer socio-economic backgrounds.
▪educational/academic background The interviewer will ask you about your educational background and work experience. | Postgraduate students come from a wide range of academic backgrounds.
▪professional background Managers can come from a wide range of professional backgrounds.
▪a working-class/middle-class background I came from a very poor working-class background.
▪a deprived/disadvantaged background The school has a high percentage of pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds.
▪a poor background His poor background prevented him from going to medical college.
▪a privileged/wealthy background All the top jobs were taken by people from privileged backgrounds.
■ verbs
▪have a background (in something) We are looking for someone who has a background in science.
▪come from a background Mark and I came from very similar backgrounds.
■ phrases
▪a range of backgrounds People from a wide range of backgrounds go to watch football.
▪ class a group of students or schoolchildren who are taught together: There are twenty kids in the class. | She gets along well with the other children in her class. | I’m going out with some friends from my dance class. | 'I graduated in 1999.' 'What class were you in?'
▪background the type of home and family you come from, and its social class: The school takes kids from all sorts of backgrounds. | We come from the same town and share a similar background. | working-class/middle-class etc background : The organization helps children from working-class backgrounds to go to university.
▪middle-class belonging to the class of people who are usually well educated, fairly rich, and who work in jobs which they have trained to do. For example, doctors, lawyers, and managers are middle-class: The newspaper’s readers are mostly middle class. | They live in a middle-class neighbourhood on the edge of town.
▪white-collar someone who works in an office, not a factory, mine etc: white-collar worker/job/employee : The economic recession has put many white-collar workers in danger of losing their jobs.
▪working-class belonging to the class of people who do not have much money or power, and who have jobs where they do physical work. For example, factory workers, builders, and drivers are working-class: Most of the people who live round here are working class. | I come from a working-class family – I’m the first one to graduate from college.
▪blue-collar someone who does physical work, for example in a factory or a mine, and does not work in an office: blue-collar worker/job/employee : His political support comes mainly from blue-collar workers.
▪upper-class belonging to the class of people who originally had most of the money and power, especially families that own a lot of land: Most senior politicians in the UK are from upper-class families. | He spoke with an upper-class accent.
▪underclass the lowest social class, who are very poor and may not have jobs, homes etc: The government has created an underclass who do not feel they have any rights in society.
back‧ground S2 W2 /ˈbækɡraʊnd/
noun1. [countable] someone’s family, education, previous work etc:
2. [uncountable and countable] the situation or past events that explain why something happens in the way that it does
background to
against a background of something
background information/details/data etc
3. [countable usually singular] the area that is behind the main thing that you are looking at, especially in a picture:
in the background
4. [countable] the pattern or colour on top of which something has been drawn, printed etc:
5. in the background someone who keeps or stays in the background tries not to be noticed:
6. [uncountable and countable] the sounds that you can hear apart from the main thing that you are listening to
in the background
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environment the conditions in a place that affect the behaviour and development of sb/sth 指影响人或事物的行为或发展的环境 ：◆ An unhappy home environment can affect children's behaviour.不幸的家庭环境可能对孩子的行为造成影响。 ◆ a pleasant working environment 令人愉快的工作环境 setting a place or situation of a particular type, in which sth happens or exists 指事物所处的环境或发生的背景 ：◆ The island provided an idyllic setting for the concert. 这岛为音乐会提供了优美的田园布景。 surroundings everything that is around or near sb/sth 指周围的环境 ：◆ The huts blend in perfectly with their surroundings. 这些棚屋与周围的环境浑然一体，非常和谐。 background the things or area behind or around the main objects or people that are in a place or picture 指对主要人物、事物起衬托作用的事物、背景 ：◆ The mountains in the background were capped with snow. 远处的山峦白雪覆盖。
Patterns
in (a/an) environment/setting/surroundings(a/an) new/unfamiliar environment/setting/surroundingssb/sth's immediate environment/surroundings(a) dramatic setting/background
Creating art 艺术创作
make a work of art/a drawing/a sketch/a sculpture/a statue/engravings/etchings/prints创作艺术品；绘画；画素描；创作雕塑／雕像／雕版印刷品／蚀刻画／版画 do an oil painting/a self-portrait/a line drawing/a rough sketch画油画／自画像／线条画／草图 create a work of art/an artwork/paintings and sculptures创作一件艺术品／绘画和雕塑 produce paintings/portraits/oil sketches/his most celebrated work/a series of prints创作绘画／肖像画／油画速写／他最知名的作品／一组版画 paint a picture/landscape/portrait/mural/in oils/in watercolours/( in watercolors/on canvasespecially
画画／风景画／肖像画／壁画／油画／水彩画；在画布上画 draw a picture/a portrait/a cartoon/a sketch/a line/a figure/the human form/in charcoal/in ink画画／肖像／漫画／素描／线条／形体／人形／木炭画／墨水画 sketch a preliminary drawing/a figure/a shape勾勒草图／形体／图形 carve a figure/an image/a sculpture/an altarpiece/reliefs/a block of wood雕刻形体／形象／雕塑／祭坛雕塑／浮雕／一块木头 sculpt a portrait bust/a statue/an abstract figure雕刻半身像／塑像／抽象形体 etch a line/a pattern/a design/a name into the glass蚀刻线条／图案／图样／名字在玻璃杯上 mix colours/( colors/pigments/paintsespecially
调色；调颜料 add/apply thin/thick layers of paint/colour/( color/pigmentespecially
加上薄薄／厚厚几层颜料 use oil pastels/charcoal/acrylic paint/a can of spray paint使用油画棒／木炭笔／丙烯酸颜料／一罐喷雾颜料 work in bronze/ceramics/stone/oils/pastels/watercolour/a wide variety of media用青铜／陶瓷／石头／油彩／蜡笔／水彩／各种各样的材料制作艺术品
Describing art 描述艺术
paint/depict a female figure/a biblical scene/a pastoral landscape/a domestic interior画／描绘女性形体／与《圣经》有关的场景／田园风光／家庭室内场景 depict/illustrate a traditional/mythological/historical/religious theme描绘／阐释传统的／神话的／历史的／宗教的主题 create an abstract composition/a richly textured surface/a distorted perspective设计抽象的艺术构图／丰富的层次／视觉扭曲效果 paint dark/rich/skin/flesh tones用颜料绘成深色／浓重的颜色／肤色／肉色 use broad brush strokes/loose brushwork/vibrant colours/a limited palette/simple geometric forms用粗笔线条／散漫的笔法／鲜艳的颜色／有限的色调／简单的几何图形 develop/adopt/paint in a stylized manner/an abstract style用非写实手法／抽象方式阐明／采用／描绘
Showing and selling art 艺术品展示及销售
commission an altarpiece/a bronze bust of sb/a portrait/a religious work/an artist to paint sth委托创作一幅祭坛画／一座某人的半身铜像／一幅肖像画／一件宗教艺术品；委托艺术家为某物作画 frame a painting/portrait给一幅画／肖像画镶框 hang art/a picture/a painting悬挂艺术品／图画／画作 display/exhibit modern art/sb's work/a collection/original artwork/drawings/sculptures/a piece陈列／展出现代艺术品／某人的作品／收藏品／艺术真品／图画／雕塑／一件艺术品 be displayed/hung in a gallery/museum在美术馆／博物馆展出 install/place a sculpture in/at/on sth在某处安放一座雕塑 erect/unveil a bronze/marble/life-size statue竖立／揭幕一座铜像／大理石像／与真人一样大的雕像 hold/host/mount/open/curate/see an exhibition( /especially
BrE ( an exhibitNAmE usually
举办／主持／筹办／举行／组织／观看展览 be/go on ( exhibition/BrE ( exhibitNAmE 参展 feature/promote/showcase a conceptual artist/contemporary works重点介绍／宣传／展示一位概念派艺术家／当代作品 collect African art/modern British paintings/Japanese prints收藏非洲艺术品／现代英国绘画／日本版画 restore/preserve a fresco/great works of art修复／保护湿壁画／伟大的艺术品
photograph a picture that has been made using a camera 指照片、相片 ：◆ a photograph of the house 这座房子的照片 ◆ Can I take a photograph? 我可以拍个照吗？ picture a photograph 指照片、相片 ：◆ We had our picture taken in front of the hotel. 我们在旅馆前照了相。 photo a photograph 指照片、相片 ：◆ a passport photo 护照照片
photograph, picture or photo? 用 photograph、picture 还是 photo？
shot a photograph 指照片、相片 ：◆ I tried to get a shot of him in the water. 我试着给他拍一张在水中的照片。 NOTE Shot often places more emphasis on the process of taking the photograph, rather than the finished picture.* shot 通常更强调拍摄照片的过程，而非已拍出的照片。 snapshot/snap an informal photograph that is taken quickly, and not by a professional photographer 指非专业摄影师随手抓拍的照片 ：◆ holiday snaps 度假时随手拍的照片 print a copy of a photograph that is produced from film or from a digital camera 指由胶片或数码相机洗印的照片 ：◆ a set of prints 一套照片
Patterns
a colour photograph/picture/photo/snap/printto take a photograph/picture/photo/shot/snapshot
