bitter
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++bit·ter1 /ˈbɪtə $ -ər/ ●●○ S3 W3 adjective 1 ANGRY/UPSETANGRYfeeling angry, jealous, and upset because you think you have been treated unfairly 愤愤不平的，充满怨恨的 → bitterlybitter about I feel very bitter about it. 我对此非常不满。 a bitter old man 一个满腹怨恨的老人2 CAUSING UNHAPPINESS[only before noun]UNPLEASANT making you feel very unhappy and upset 带来痛苦的，令人难过的 → bitterlya bitter disappointment/blow If he failed, it would be a bitter disappointment to his parents. 如果他不成功，他父母会伤心失望。 His photo stirred up bitter memories. 他的照片勾起了痛苦的回忆。from bitter experience (=because of your own very unpleasant experiences) 因为痛苦的经历 She knew from bitter experience that it would be impossible to talk it over with Julian. 过去痛苦的经历告诉她，这事没法和朱利安商量。3 FULL OF HATREDHATEa bitter argument, battle etc is one in which people oppose or criticize each other with strong feelings of hate and anger 〔争论、战斗等〕激烈的，充满敌意的，怨愤的bitter dispute/battle/struggle etc The couple are locked in a bitter battle for custody of the children. 夫妻俩为争夺孩子的监护权闹得不可开交。 The government faces bitter opposition to these policies. 政府的这些政策遭到了激烈的反对。 The countries are still bitter enemies. 这些国家彼此依然是死敌。4 TASTECThaving a strong sharp taste, like black coffee without sugar 苦的，有苦味的 → sour, sweet Enjoy the beer’s bitter taste as you slowly drink it. 慢慢地喝这啤酒，细细品尝它的苦味。 bitter chocolate 带苦味的巧克力► see thesaurus at taste5 COLDDNCOLDunpleasantly cold 刺骨的，寒冷的 → bitterly a bitter wind 刺骨的寒风 the bitter cold of the Midwestern winters 中西部地区冬季的严寒6 to the bitter end FINISH/COME TO AN ENDcontinuing until the end, even though this is difficult 坚持到底；拼到底 Employees have vowed to fight the closure to the bitter end. 雇员们誓死抗争到底，坚决抵制关闭企业。7 a bitter pill (to swallow) UNPLEASANTsomething very unpleasant that you must accept 必须吞下去的苦药丸，不得不接受的现实 The knowledge that his friends no longer trusted him was a bitter pill to swallow. 得知朋友不再信任他，他很难接受。 —bitterness noun [uncountable]n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 3: a bitter argument, battle etc is one in which people oppose or criticize each other with strong feelings of hate and angernounsa bitter battle/disputeThere was a bitter battle over the building of the new airport.a bitter fight/struggleThe law was passed after a bitter fight that lasted nearly a decade.a bitter conflictThe stage is set for a bitter conflict with trade unions.a bitter debate/argumentThe country now faces a bitter debate over the issue.bitter disagreementThere were reports of bitter disagreement between the European Communities.bitter oppositionThe new tax aroused bitter opposition.a bitter rival/enemy (=a rival/enemy who you have strong feelings of dislike or anger about)The two men are bitter rivals for the party leadership.n THESAURUSbitter having a strong sharp taste that is not sweet, like black coffee without sugar – used especially about chocolate, medicine etcThe dessert is made with a slightly bitter chocolate.Hops give beer its distinctive bitter taste.The medicine tasted bitter.As the lettuce gets older, the leaves become more bitter.sharp having a taste that makes your tongue sting slightlyRhubarb has quite a sharp taste.The cheese has a pleasing colour and a pleasantly sharp flavour.sour having a usually unpleasant sharp acid taste, like the taste of a lemon, or a fruit that is not ready to be eaten – used especially about fruit, or about liquids that have gone badSome people say that the purpose of the lemon’s sour taste is to stop the fruit being eaten by animals. Rachel sampled the wine. It was sour.acidic very sour – used especially about liquids or things made with fruits such as oranges, lemons, or grapesSome fruit juices taste a bit acidic.tangy having a taste that is pleasantly strong or sharp, and that often tastes a little sweet as wellThe ribs are cooked in a tangy barbecue sauce.tart having a taste that lacks sweetness – used especially about fruit such as apples, which you need to add sugar toThe pudding had rather a tart flavour.The trees were covered with tart wild plums.
Examples from the Corpus
bitter• Try not to burn the oil, it will make the sauce taste bitter.• The citron has the most beautiful fragrance of all the citrus fruits and its pith is not bitter.• What had he done to make Juliet so vengeful and bitter?• The medicine tasted bitter.• I used to be very bitter and angry, but I've gotten over it.• The extract is bitter but tolerable, and the root has the taste of a radish past its prime.• The wind was bitter, but when they lay down Glover felt the warmth of the sun.• strong, bitter coffee• Because he was literate and articulate, he showed a bitter contempt for the self-appointed intellectuals of the inter-war years.• The party suffered a bitter defeat in 1964.• There is no doubt that the outcome of that long campaign, the Act itself, was a bitter disappointment to working-class radicals.• a bitter east wind• There has been bitter fighting in the hills to the north of the capital.• She shot a bitter glance in his direction and left.• She loved him so much, and to realise that she was only an episode in his busy life was bitter indeed.• a bitter legal battle over custody of the children• The herb rue has a bitter taste, which makes it unpopular for cooking.• I ask if I might have some green tea and feel even better as I sip the bitter, warm liquid.bitter about• Jensen sounded bitter about his team's fourth straight loss.a bitter disappointment/blow• That decision, announced on 3 October, was a bitter disappointment.• The loss of that partner through death, either shortly before retirement or afterwards, comes as a bitter blow.• After the drama of Pye's water wall, this is all a bitter disappointment and something of a disgrace.• The result was a bitter disappointment for Wimbledon who could have scored on three occasions in the first half.• This was a bitter disappointment to Oliver, but his new friends were still as kind to him as ever.• He is certainly a bitter disappointment to people in this country.• There is no doubt that the outcome of that long campaign, the Act itself, was a bitter disappointment to working-class radicals.• It was a bitter blow when the trustees preferred the reprint.bitter dispute/battle/struggle etc• But a press backlash did get into gear, leaving a handful of diehard music writers to fight a bitter battle.• Now all sides were preparing for a bitter battle.• The biggest gains and the most bitter disputes arise over trades between north and south.• It is now the subject of a bitter dispute between the neighbouring republics.• But the Bolsheviks were determined to frustrate them and immediately after October a bitter struggle ensued between the workers and the party.• In the United States, an ever-more bitter battle had been fought around this issue since abortion was legalized in 1972.• They would not understand what a bitter struggle my whole life has been.bitter taste• Then look at each one very carefully, removing any yellowish pieces, which may give the finished dish a bitter taste.• The pills left a bitter taste, a raging thirst and pent-up energy for which there was no outlet.• She had tasted the fear of being cast out, and it left a bitter taste in her mouth.• Sweet as the victory over polio was, one medical historian wrote: It left a slightly bitter taste in many mouths.• But Kenny Brown's reply left a bitter taste in their mouths.• Even after swallowing it, its bitter taste lingered long in my mouth.• Right now the bitter taste matched her mood.bitter cold• The children have to walk to school in the bitter cold.• I have always thought pneumonia was the root of it all, contracted during that six-day match in the bitter cold.• Nothing for certain but the dark weather and the bitter cold.• Coming into it was like coming home on a bitter cold day to a bright, leaping fire.• The region was bitter cold in winter and was composed largely of woodland tracts veined heavily with water.• Plus it warms up rapidly on a bitter cold night.• I got dressed quickly in the bitter cold of the room, and washed when I could.• There was a bitter cold wind arising.• Unlike the flamboyant Ellet, he worked without fanfare, often in the bitter cold, without a break.bitter2 noun 1 [countable, uncountable] British EnglishDFD a type of dark beer that is popular in Britain, or a glass of this （一杯）苦啤酒 A pint of bitter, please. 请来一品脱苦啤酒。► see thesaurus at taste2. bitters [uncountable]DFD a strong bitter liquid made from plants that is added to alcoholic drinks 〔掺入酒精饮料的〕苦味汁Origin bitter Old English biterbit·ter1 adjective →n COLLOCATIONS1 →n THESAURUS1bitter2 nounLDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
upset and because have feeling you you think Corpus angry, jealous,
bitter
bit‧ter1 S3 W3 /ˈbɪtə $ -ər/ 
adjective
bitter about
I feel very bitter about it.
a bitter old man
2. [only before noun] making you feel very unhappy and upset ⇨ bitterly
a bitter disappointment/blow
If he failed, it would be a bitter disappointment to his parents.
His photo stirred up bitter memories.
from bitter experience (=because of your own very unpleasant experiences)
She knew from bitter experience that it would be impossible to talk it over with Julian.
3. a bitter argument, battle etc is one in which people oppose or criticize each other with strong feelings of hate and anger
bitter dispute/battle/struggle etc
The couple are locked in a bitter battle for custody of the children.
The government faces bitter opposition to these policies.
The countries are still bitter enemies.
4. having a strong sharp taste, like black coffee without sugar ⇨ sour, sweet:
Enjoy the beer’s bitter taste as you slowly drink it.
bitter chocolate
5. unpleasantly cold ⇨ bitterly:
a bitter wind
the bitter cold of the Midwestern winters
6. to the bitter end continuing until the end, even though this is difficult:
Employees have vowed to fight the closure to the bitter end.
7. a bitter pill (to swallow) something very unpleasant that you must accept:
The knowledge that his friends no longer trusted him was a bitter pill to swallow.
—bitterness noun [uncountable]
■ nouns
▪a bitter battle/dispute There was a bitter battle over the building of the new airport.
▪a bitter fight/struggle The law was passed after a bitter fight that lasted nearly a decade.
▪a bitter conflict The stage is set for a bitter conflict with trade unions.
▪a bitter debate/argument The country now faces a bitter debate over the issue.
▪bitter disagreement There were reports of bitter disagreement between the European Communities.
▪bitter opposition The new tax aroused bitter opposition.
▪a bitter rival/enemy (=a rival/enemy who you have strong feelings of dislike or anger about) The two men are bitter rivals for the party leadership.
▪ bitter having a strong sharp taste that is not sweet, like black coffee without sugar - used especially about chocolate, medicine etc: The dessert is made with a slightly bitter chocolate. | Hops give beer its distinctive bitter taste. | The medicine tasted bitter. | As the lettuce gets older, the leaves become more bitter.
▪sharp having a taste that makes your tongue sting slightly: Rhubarb has quite a sharp taste. | The cheese has a pleasing colour and a pleasantly sharp flavour.
▪sour having a usually unpleasant sharp acid taste, like the taste of a lemon, or a fruit that is not ready to be eaten – used especially about fruit, or about liquids that have gone bad: Some people say that the purpose of the lemon’s sour taste is to stop the fruit being eaten by animals. | Rachel sampled the wine. It was sour.
▪acidic very sour – used especially about liquids or things made with fruits such as oranges, lemons, or grapes: Some fruit juices taste a bit acidic.
▪tangy having a taste that is pleasantly strong or sharp, and that often tastes a little sweet as well: The ribs are cooked in a tangy barbecue sauce.
▪tart having a taste that lacks sweetness – used especially about fruit such as apples, which you need to add sugar to: The pudding had rather a tart flavour. | The trees were covered with tart wild plums.
bitter2 noun
1. [uncountable and countable] British English a type of dark beer that is popular in Britain, or a glass of this:
A pint of bitter, please.
2. bitters [uncountable] a strong bitter liquid made from plants that is added to alcoholic drinks
| I |
adjective Language: Old English
Origin: biter
1. feeling angry, jealous, and upset because you think you have been treated unfairly ⇨ bitterlyOrigin: biter
bitter about
2. [only before noun] making you feel very unhappy and upset ⇨ bitterly
a bitter disappointment/blow
from bitter experience (=because of your own very unpleasant experiences)
3. a bitter argument, battle etc is one in which people oppose or criticize each other with strong feelings of hate and anger
bitter dispute/battle/struggle etc
4. having a strong sharp taste, like black coffee without sugar ⇨ sour, sweet:
5. unpleasantly cold ⇨ bitterly:
6. to the bitter end continuing until the end, even though this is difficult:
7. a bitter pill (to swallow) something very unpleasant that you must accept:
—bitterness noun [uncountable]
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| II |
noun1. [uncountable and countable] British English a type of dark beer that is popular in Britain, or a glass of this:
2. bitters [uncountable] a strong bitter liquid made from plants that is added to alcoholic drinks
bitter (of a taste or smell) strong and usually unpleasant; (of food or drink) having a bitter taste 指（味道或气味）强烈的、令人不适的，（食物或饮料）味苦的 pungent (of a smell or taste) strong and usually unpleasant; (of food or smoke) having a pungent smell or taste 指（气味或味道）强烈的、令人不适的，（食物）味苦的，（烟）呛人的、刺鼻的 ：◆ the pungent smell of burning rubber 烧橡胶的刺鼻气味 sour (of a taste) bitter like the taste of a lemon or of fruit that is not ripe; (of food or drink) having a sour taste 指（味道）酸的，（食物或饮料）有酸味的 ：◆ Too much pulp produces a sour wine. 过多的果肉会让酒变酸。 acrid (of a smell or taste) strong and unpleasant; (of smoke) having an acrid smell 指（气味或味道）刺激的、难闻的，（烟）呛人的、刺鼻的 ：◆ acrid smoke from burning tyres 燃烧轮胎产生的熏烟 sharp (of a taste or smell) strong and slightly bitter; (of food or drink) having a sharp taste 指（味道或气味）强烈而略苦的、刺鼻的，（食物或饮料）味苦的、辛辣的 ：◆ The cheese has a distinctively sharp taste. 这奶酪味道很冲。 acid (of a taste or smell) bitter, like the taste of a lemon or of fruit that is not ripe; (of food or drink) having an acid taste 指（味道）酸的，（气味）有刺激性的，（食物或饮料）有酸味的
which word? 词语辨析
A bitter taste is usually unpleasant, but some people enjoy the bitter flavour of coffee or chocolate. No other word can describe this flavour. Asharp orpungent flavour is more strong than unpleasant, especially when describing cheese.Sharp ,sour andacid all describe the taste of a lemon or a fruit that is not ripe. Anacrid smell is strong and unpleasant, especially the smell of smoke or burning, but not the smell of food.* bitter 指味道通常为苦的、令人不快的，有人却喜欢咖啡或巧克力的苦味。没有其他词可用来形容这种味道。sharp 或 pungent 主要强调味道强烈而非令人不快，在描述奶酪的味道时尤其如此。sharp、sour 和 acid 均形容柠檬或未熟水果的酸味。acrid 指气味强烈而令人不快，尤指烟味或燃烧产生的气味，但不用来形容食物的气味。
Patterns
a(n) bitter/pungent/sour/acrid/sharp/acid taste/flavour a(n) bitter/pungent/acrid/sharp/acid smell/odour a(n) bitter/sour/sharp/acid fruit pungent/sharp cheese pungent/acrid smoke
Eating out 去餐馆吃饭
eat (lunch/dinner)/dine/meet at/in a restaurant在一家餐馆吃（午／晚）饭／进餐／碰面 go (out)/take sb (out) for lunch/dinner/a meal去／带某人去（外面）吃午饭／吃晚饭／用餐 have a meal with sb与某人一起吃饭 make/have a reservation (in/under the name of Yamada)（以山田的名字）预订座位 reserve/ ( especially
BrE book a table for six预订一张坐六人的桌子 ask for/request a table for two/a table by the window要一张两人桌／靠窗的桌子
In the restaurant 在餐馆
wait to be seated等待就座 show sb to their table把某人引到桌旁 sit in the corner/by the window/at the bar/at the counter坐在角落／窗边／吧台边／柜台边 hand sb/give sb the menu/wine list把菜单／酒水单递给某人 open/read/study/peruse the menu打开／看／仔细看菜单 the restaurant has a three-course set menu/a children's menu/an extensive wine list这餐馆有一个三道菜的套餐／儿童菜单／丰富的酒水单 taste/sample/try the wine品尝葡萄酒 the waiter takes your order服务生帮你点餐 order/choose/have the soup of the day/one of the specials/the house( speciality/BrE ( specialtyespecially
NAmE 点当日例汤／一道特色菜／餐馆特色菜 serve/finish the first course/the starter/the main course/dessert/coffee端上／吃完第一道菜／开胃菜／主菜／甜点；端上／喝完咖啡 complain about the food/the service/your meal抱怨食物／服务／饭菜不好 enjoy your meal享用饭菜
Paying 结账
pay/ask for ( the bill/especially
BrE ( the checkNAmE 付账；要求结账 pay for/treat sb to dinner/lunch/the meal付晚饭／午饭／饭钱；请某人吃晚饭／午饭／饭 service is (not) included 不含服务费 give sb/leave (sb) a tip给某人小费
