campaign
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++cam·paign1 /kæmˈpeɪn/ ●●○ S3 W3 noun [countable] 1 TRY TO DO OR GET somethinga series of actions intended to achieve a particular result relating to politics or business, or a social improvement 〔为取得某种结果而进行的政治、商业或社会性的〕运动；（宣传）活动n an advertising campaigncampaign for/against a campaign for equal rights 争取平等权利的运动 Jones ran a good campaign. 琼斯的活动搞得很成功。 Police have launched a campaign to crack down on drug dealers. 警方发起了一场严厉打击毒贩的运动。2. FIGHT FOR OR AGAINST somethinga series of battles, attacks etc intended to achieve a particular result in a war 战役 COLLOCATIONSverbslaunch/mount a campaign (=begin a campaign) 发起运动They have launched a campaign to end world poverty. 他们发起了一场旨在结束世界贫困的运动。run/wage/conduct a campaign (=carry out a campaign) 开展运动He ran an aggressive campaign. 他举办了一场声势浩大的运动。lead a campaign 领导运动The government is leading a ‘walk to school’ campaign. 政府正领头发起“步行上学”的运动。spearhead a campaign (=lead it – used especially in news reports) 领导运动〔尤用于新闻报道〕nThe campaign was spearheaded by the Students’ Union.ADJECTIVES/NOUN + campaigna national/nationwide campaign 全国性运动The walk was part of a national campaign to raise £900,000. 这次义走是90万英镑全国性募捐活动的一部分。a worldwide/global/international campaign 全世界/全球/国际性运动a worldwide campaign for peace 全球性的和平运动an advertising/marketing/sales campaign 广告活动/市场营销活动/促销活动The store ran a television advertising campaign just before Christmas. 就在圣诞节之前，这家商店搞了一个电视广告活动。a publicity campaign (=to tell the public about something) 宣传活动The interview was the start of a publicity campaign for his new book. 这次访谈是他新书宣传活动的开始。an election/electoral campaign 竞选活动He was a candidate in the 2008 election campaign. 他是2008年竞选活动中的候选人。a presidential campaign 总统竞选活动nObama’s presidential campaigna political campaign 政治活动nShe was involved in many political campaigns.a media/press campaign 媒体宣传活动nThe government spent thousands of pounds on a media campaign.a fundraising campaign (=to get money for something) 筹款活动nThe church is launching a £50,000 fundraising campaign for the renovation work.an anti-smoking/anti-bullying etc campaign 反吸烟/反欺凌等活动nHow effective has the anti-smoking campaign been?a smear campaign (=in which unpleasant or untrue stories are spread about an important person) 诬蔑运动nHe claims he was the victim of a smear campaign.a long campaign 长期的运动nHer father fought a long campaign for an investigation to be held.an effective/successful campaign 有效/成功的活动nThe Conservatives failed to mount an effective campaign.a strong campaign (=forceful and effective) 声势强的运动nThe car was the subject of a strong advertising campaign.na determined campaignHis wife waged a determined campaign for his release.na vicious campaign (=very unpleasant and designed to attack someone)The state had conducted a vicious campaign of misinformation and propaganda.a deliberate/concerted campaign (=done by people in a determined way) 蓄意而为的运动nThere was a concerted campaign to attract more women into the armed forces.an orchestrated campaign disapproving (=organized secretly to make political events happen in the way you want) 精心的图谋nThis resulted in an orchestrated campaign of civil disorder.na sustained campaign (=lasting a long time)The organization has mounted a sustained campaign against the killing of endangered species.campaign + NOUNcampaign funds/money 活动资金He was found guilty of using campaign funds illegally. 他被判犯有非法挪用活动资金罪。a campaign manager (=for a political campaign) 活动策划人She’s a campaign manager for Amnesty International. 她是“大赦国际”的活动策划人。the campaign trail (=the places someone visits as part of their election campaign) 竞选之旅nIowa was the first stop on the presidential campaign trail.COMMON ERRORS ► Don’t say ‘make a campaign’. Say launch a campaign. 不要说 ‘make a campaign’. 而要说 launch a campaign.
Examples from the Corpus
campaign• During his years as a human rights campaigner he was arrested seven times.• Environmental groups launched a campaign against the widespread production of genetically modified crops.• Motoring organizations have started a campaign for safer roads in the area.• The company has launched an advertising campaign in the hope of attracting new customers.• The company has spent over £50 million on its latest advertising campaign.• The government does not want this kind of bad publicity in the middle of an election campaign.• Skinner was also given responsibility for liaising closely with the troika at the apex of Bush's re-election campaign.• the governor's election campaign• All kinds of extravagant promises were made during the election campaign.• At home, Edna was in her final campaign against Jane Ming-li, who continued to defy the new order.• No one asked me about follow up phone calls made to me by their offices, standard procedures for campaigns.• Richards and his team have already started planning his campaign for election as party leader.• Hopefully in the future it will become standard public relations practice to use research to measure the results or achievements of campaigns.• Voters report that they learn more about presidential candidates from the nationally-televised debates than from any other campaign event.• The same anti-fashion pose will soon be used on other campaign themes.• Our campaign against drug abuse is supported by the medical profession.• The government's campaign to recruit more black police officers has not been a success.• Throughout the campaign, Baldwin looked the most likely to win.• the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament• the campaign for prison reform• The team also launched its season-ticket campaign by making brochures available to fans.• Clark's vigorous campaign against the dumping of nuclear waste will continue.campaign for/against• a campaign against the death penalty• City hall staffers said the mayor is busy campaigning for re-election and did not have time to discuss the park proposal.• Peter Melchett and I have been involved in environmental campaigning for a very long time.• Amnesty International has long campaigned against flogging for whatever crime.• Ronald Reagan, campaigning for the presidency, denounced the treaty.• Rosellini campaigned hard against the measure to cut welfare benefits.• A congressional observer recalled that during the campaign for former Oregon Sen.• But his more immediate task is to convince the left to campaign for him.• They also suspect that the move against wolves is part of a wider campaign against predators.campaign2 ●●○ verb [intransitive] TRY TO DO OR GET somethingto lead or take part in a series of actions intended to achieve a particular social or political result 发起运动；参加活动〔旨在达到某种社会或政治结果〕campaign for/against a group campaigning against the destruction of the rain forests 发起运动反对破坏热带雨林的团体→ See Verb tableExamples from the Corpus
campaign• Most fundamentalist churches disapprove of homosexuals, and many leaders of the religious right have aggressively campaigned against gay rights.• Or the business interests that provide campaign cash and are more philosophically in tune with the congressional leadership?• Women campaigned for equal pay and equal rights throughout the 1960s.• Just possibly, the politicians might begin debating that as they campaign for November's mayoral election.• The Prime Minister will be campaigning in Scotland next week.• After months of campaigning, local parents have persuaded the council to provide a school bus service.• While Dole has been campaigning more aggressively lately, so has the Clinton camp.• I believe we should support responsible organisations campaigning on behalf of animals for two reasons: 1.• That, as pressure groups, they are free to campaign openly for the changes, Mrs Whitehouse accepted.• He was one of the people who campaigned to change the law on homosexuality.• Drivers like Yvonne have campaigned to change the law.campaign for/against• Peter Melchett and I have been involved in environmental campaigning for a very long time.• Amnesty International has long campaigned against flogging for whatever crime.• A congressional observer recalled that during the campaign for former Oregon Sen.• But his more immediate task is to convince the left to campaign for him.• They also suspect that the move against wolves is part of a wider campaign against predators.• City hall staffers said the mayor is busy campaigning for re-election and did not have time to discuss the park proposal.• Ronald Reagan, campaigning for the presidency, denounced the treaty.From Longman Business Dictionarycampaigncam‧paign /kæmˈpeɪn/ noun [countable] a planned series of actions that are intended to achieve something or persuade people to do somethingThe charity has launched a campaign to end the trade in rhinoceros products.campaign for/againstthe miners’ campaign against pit closuresa campaign to do somethinga campaign to convince investors that Swindon is the most desirable business site in the world → advertising campaign → drip campaign → sales campaignOrigin campaign1 (1600-1700) French campagne, from Italian campagna “level country, campaign”, from Late Latin campania “level country”, from Latin campus ( → CAMP1); because soldiers went out into the country for military exercisescam·paign1 noun →COLLOCATIONS1campaign2 verbLDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
actions particular a achieve to a of intended Business Corpus series
campaign
cam‧paign1 S2 W1 /kæmˈpeɪn/ 
noun [countable]
an advertising campaign
campaign for/against
a campaign for equal rights
Jones ran a good campaign.
Police have launched a campaign to crack down on drug dealers.
2. a series of battles, attacks etc intended to achieve a particular result in a war
■ verbs
▪launch/mount a campaign (=begin a campaign) They have launched a campaign to end world poverty.
▪run/wage/conduct a campaign (=carry out a campaign) He ran an aggressive campaign.
▪lead a campaign The government is leading a 'walk to school' campaign.
▪spearhead a campaign (=lead it – used especially in news reports) The campaign was spearheaded by the Students' Union.
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + campaign
▪a national/nationwide campaign The walk was part of a national campaign to raise £900,000.
▪a worldwide/global/international campaign a worldwide campaign for peace
▪an advertising/marketing/sales campaign The store ran a television advertising campaign just before Christmas.
▪a publicity campaign (=to tell the public about something) The interview was the start of a publicity campaign for his new book.
▪an election/electoral campaign He was candidate in the 2008 election campaign.
▪a presidential campaign Obama's presidential campaign
▪a political campaign She was involved in many political campaigns.
▪a media/press campaign The government spent thousands of pounds on a media campaign.
▪a fundraising campaign (=to get money for something) The church is launching a £50,000 fundraising campaign for the renovation work.
▪an anti-smoking/anti-bullying etc campaign How effective has the anti-smoking campaign been?
▪a smear campaign (=in which unpleasant or untrue stories are spread about an important person) He claims he was the victim of a smear campaign.
▪a long campaign Her father fought a long campaign for an investigation to be held.
▪an effective/successful campaign The Conservatives failed to mount an effective campaign.
▪a strong campaign (=forceful and effective) The car was the subject of a strong advertising campaign.
▪a determined campaign His wife waged a determined campaign for his release.
▪a vicious campaign (=very unpleasant and designed to attack someone) The state had conducted a vicious campaign of misinformation and propaganda.
▪a deliberate/concerted campaign (=done by people in a determined way) There was a concerted campaign to attract more women into the armed forces.
▪an orchestrated campaign disapproving (=organized secretly to make political events happen in the way you want) This resulted in an orchestrated campaign of civil disorder.
▪a sustained campaign (=lasting a long time) The organization has mounted a sustained campaign against the killing of endangered species.
■ campaign + NOUN
▪campaign funds/money He was found guilty of using campaign funds illegally.
▪a campaign manager (=for a political campaign) She's a campaign manager for Amnesty International.
▪the campaign trail (=the places someone visits as part of their election campaign) Iowa was the first stop on the presidential campaign trail.
■ COMMON ERRORS
► Do not say 'make a campaign'. Say launch a campaign.
■ when people try to achieve something
▪fight the process in which people try to stop something bad from happening or to improve a situation: Schools have an important part to play in the fight against drugs. | women’s fight for equality
▪battle a fight to change a situation or deal with a problem in society: The battle against racial discrimination is not over.
▪campaign a planned series of actions intended to achieve something: Motoring organizations started a campaign for safer roads.
▪struggle a long, hard fight for freedom, independence, equal rights etc: Nkrumah led the people in their struggle for independence.
▪crusade someone’s fight against something they think is morally wrong: She intends to continue her crusade against sex and violence on TV.
campaign2 verb [intransitive]
to lead or take part in a series of actions intended to achieve a particular social or political result
campaign for/against
a group campaigning against the destruction of the rain forests
—campaigner noun [countable]
| I |
noun [countable] Date: 1600-1700
Language: French
Origin: campagne, from Italian campagna 'level country, campaign', from Late Latin campania 'level country', from Latin campus ( ⇨ camp1); because soldiers went out into the country for military exercises
1. a series of actions intended to achieve a particular result relating to politics or business, or a social improvement:Language: French
Origin: campagne, from Italian campagna 'level country, campaign', from Late Latin campania 'level country', from Latin campus ( ⇨ camp1); because soldiers went out into the country for military exercises
campaign for/against
2. a series of battles, attacks etc intended to achieve a particular result in a war
| COLLOCATIONS |
▪
▪
▪
▪
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + campaign
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
■ campaign + NOUN
▪
▪
▪
■ COMMON ERRORS
► Do not say 'make a campaign'. Say launch a campaign.
| THESAURUS |
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
| II |
verb [intransitive]to lead or take part in a series of actions intended to achieve a particular social or political result
campaign for/against
—campaigner noun [countable]
campaign a series of planned activities that are intended to achieve a particular social, commercial or political aim 指为社会、商业或政治目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动或运动 ：◆ the campaign for parliamentary reform 要求议会改革的运动 ◆ an advertising campaign 广告宣传活动 battle a competition or an argument between people or groups of people trying to win power or control 指个人或集体为赢得权力或控制权而进行的较量、争论或斗争 ：◆ She finally won the legal battle for compensation. 她终于赢得了这场要求赔偿的法律斗争。 ◆ the endless battle between man and nature 人与大自然永无休止的斗争 struggle a competition or an argument between people or groups of people trying to win power or control 指个人或集体为赢得权力或控制权而进行的较量、争论或斗争 ：◆ the struggle for independence 为独立的斗争 ◆ the struggle between good and evil 正邪之争
battle or struggle? 用 battle 还是 struggle？
drive an organized effort by a group of people to achieve sth 指团体为达到目的而作出的有组织的努力 ：◆ the drive for greater efficiency 为提高效率而作出的努力 ◆ a drive to reduce energy consumption 为减少能源消耗而发起的运动
campaign or drive? 用 campaign 还是 drive？
war [ 指为消灭或阻止有害事物而进行的长期斗争 ：◆ the war against crime 反犯罪活动的斗争 fight [ 指为制止或防止坏事物或为达到好目的而进行的斗争，或指竞赛，尤指体育竞赛 ：◆ Workers won their fight to stop compulsory redundancies. 工人赢得了阻止强制裁员的斗争。
war or fight? 用 war 还是 fight？
A war is about stopping things, like drugs and crime, that everyone agrees are bad. Afight can be about achieving justice for yourself.* war 用于制止人人摒弃的事物（如毒品和犯罪）而进行的斗争；fight 可用于为自己伸张正义而进行的斗争。
Patterns
a campaign/battle/struggle/drive/war/fight against stha campaign/battle/struggle/drive/fight for stha one-man/one-woman/personal campaign/battle/struggle/wara bitter campaign/battle/struggle/drive/war/fightto launch/embark on a campaign/battle/driveto lead/continue the campaign/battle/struggle/drive/fightto win/lose a battle/struggle/war/fight
Running for election 参加选举
conduct/hold an election/a referendum举行选举／全民公决 ( especially
NAmE run for office/election/governor/mayor/president/the White House竞选公职；参加竞选；竞选州长／市长／总统／美国总统 ( especially
BrE stand for election/office/Parliament/the Labour Party/a second term参加竞选；竞选公职／议会议员；当工党候选人；竞选连任 hold/call/contest a general/national election举行／要求／角逐大选／全国选举 launch/run a presidential election campaign开始总统竞选活动 support/back a candidate支持候选人 sway/convince/persuade voters/the electorate说服选民／全体选民 appeal to/attract/woo/target ( swing voters/NAmE ( floating votersBrE 吸引游离选民；寻求游离选民的支持；瞄准游离选民 fix/rig/steal an election/the vote操纵选举；暗中舞弊获取选票
Voting 投票
go to/be turned away from ( a polling station/especially
BrE ( a polling placeNAmE 去／被拒绝进入投票站投票 cast a/your vote/ballot (for sb)投（某人）一票 vote for the Conservative candidate/the Democratic party投票给保守党候选人／民主党 mark/spoil your ballot paper在选票上做标记；投废票 count ( the postal votes/BrE ( the absentee ballotsespecially
NAmE 清点邮寄选票数 go to/be defeated at the ballot box去投票箱投票；竞选失败 get/win/receive/lose votes赢得／失去选票 get/win (60% of) the popular/black/Hispanic/Latino/Muslim vote赢得大众／黑人／拉美裔／穆斯林 (60%) 的选票 win the election/(in the US ) the primaries/a seat in Parliament/a majority/power赢得大选／（美国的）初选／议会中的一个席位／多数票／权力 lose an election/the vote/your majority/your seat在选举中失败；失去多数人的支持／席位 win/come to power in a landslide (victory) (= with many more votes than any other party)以压倒多数的选票获胜／掌权 elect/re-elect sb (as) mayor/president/an MP/senator/congressman/congresswoman选举／再度选举某人为市长／总统／议员／参议员／国会议员／国会女议员
Taking power 掌权
be sworn into office/in as president宣誓就职／就任总统 take/administer (in the US ) the oath of office（美国）宣誓就职；听取就职宣誓 swear/take (in the UK ) an/the oath of allegiance（英国）宣誓效忠 give/deliver (in the US ) the president's inaugural address发表（美国）总统就职演说 take/enter/hold/leave office就职；任职；离职 appoint sb (as) ambassador/governor/judge/minister任命某人为大使／州长／法官／部长 form a government/a cabinet组建政府／内阁 serve two terms as prime minister/in office任两届总理；两届任职