cost
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++cost1 /kɒst $ kɒːst/ ●●● S1 W1 noun 1 [countable]COST the amount of money that you have to pay in order to buy, do, or produce something 费用；成本cost of the cost of accommodation 住宿费用 I offered to pay the cost of the taxi. 我提出支付出租车费。 Insurance to cover the cost of a funeral is possible. 可以用保险支付葬礼费用。 This doesn’t include the cost of repairing the damage. 这不包括修理破损的费用。 The new building’s going up at a cost of $82 million. 新大楼正以8,200万美元的造价拔地而起。 low cost housing 低成本住宅5 A cassette/radio is included at no extra cost .附送一台卡式收录机。 the high cost of production 很高的生产成本n Travel insurance is included at no extra cost. The funds will just cover the museum’s running costs. 这些资金只够支付博物馆的运转费用。 → cost of living RegisterIn everyday English, people usually ask how much did it cost? or how much was it? rather than using the noun cost: 在日常英语中，人们一般问how much did it cost? 或how much was it? 而不用名词cost What was the cost of the accommodation? → How much did the accommodation cost? 膳宿费花了多少钱？ | I’ll find out the cost. → I’ll find out how much it costs/is. 我会了解清楚这要多少钱 。2 costs [plural] a) SPEND MONEYthe money that you must regularly spend in order to run a business, a home, a car etc 开支；花费；成本reduce/cut costs We have to cut costs in order to remain competitive. 我们只得削减成本来保持竞争力。 At this rate we’ll barely cover our costs (=make enough money to pay for the things we have bought). 照这样下去，我们只勉强够支付成本。 the travel costs incurred in attending the meeting (=money you have to spend) 参加此次会议所产生的差旅费 Because of the engine’s efficiency the car has very low running costs (=the cost of owning and using a car or machine). 由于引擎效能高，这辆汽车的养车费用很低。 b) (also court costs)SCT the money that you must pay to lawyers etc if you are involved in a legal case in court, especially if you are found guilty 诉讼费用 Bellisario won the case and was awarded costs. 贝利萨里奥赢了官司，诉讼费被判由败诉方支付。 He was fined £1,000 and ordered to pay costs of £2,200. 他被罚1,000英镑，法院还判他支付2,200英镑的诉讼费。3 [countable, uncountable]LOSE/NOT HAVE ANYMORE something that you lose, give away, damage etc in order to achieve something 代价；牺牲at (a) cost to somebody She had kept her promise to Christine, but at what cost to herself? 她对克里斯蒂娜兑现了诺言，但自己又付出了怎样的代价？social/environmental etc cost They need to weigh up the costs and benefits (=disadvantages and advantages) of regulation. 他们需要权衡一下规章制度的利弊。 He’s determined to win, whatever the cost (=no matter how much work, money, risk etc is needed). 他决心不惜一切代价也要获胜。 We must avoid a scandal at all costs (=whatever happens). 我们必须不惜任何代价避免丑闻。4 [singular] especially American EnglishBBTCOST the price that someone pays for something that they are going to sell 成本价格 SYN cost price5 know/find out/learn etc something to your cost SUFFERto realize something is true because you have had a very unpleasant experience 付出了代价[吃了苦头]后才知道某事 → count the cost at count1(11)n COLLOCATIONSverbspay the cost of somethingI’m not sure how I’m going to pay the cost of going to college.cover the cost (=pay for something)The money he had saved just covered the cost of the trip.meet/bear the cost of something (=pay for something, especially with difficulty)His family were unable to meet the cost of his operation.afford the cost of somethingWe can’t afford the cost of a holiday abroad this year.reduce/lower/bring down the costIf you go later in the year, it will bring down the cost of your holiday.cut the cost (=reduce it)The government has promised to cut the cost of medical care.increase/push up the costThe new tax will increase the cost of owning a car.the cost rises/goes upThe cost of electricity has risen again.the cost falls/goes downAirline costs have fallen considerably.adjectiveshigh/lowthe high cost of fuelthe average costWhat’s the average cost of a wedding in the UK?an extra/additional costAt the campsite, many activities are available at no extra cost.the full/total costExperts are still assessing the full cost of the disaster.the estimated cost (=one that is guessed and may not be exact)The estimated cost was in the region of £3,000.the annual/monthly costThis figure represents the annual cost of a loan.labour/production/transport etc costsThey had to pay £30,000 in legal costs.running/operating costs (=the amount it costs to run a business, a machine etc)The new technology is cheaper and the running costs are lower.borrowing costs (=the amount it costs to borrow money from a bank)Interest rates and borrowing costs are likely to be higher next year.phrasesthe cost of living (=the amount you need to pay for food, clothes etc)People are complaining about the rising cost of living. THESAURUScost the amount of money you need to buy or do something. Cost is usually used when talking in a general way about whether something is expensive or cheap rather than when talking about exact prices 价格；成本；费用〔一般笼统地指价格贵贱，而不是指具体的价格〕The cost of running a car is increasing. 养车费用越来越高。the cost of raw materials 原材料成本price the amount of money you must pay for something that is for sale 价钱，价格They sell good-quality clothes at reasonable prices. 他们出售的衣服品质好，价格合理。the price of a plane ticket to New York 到纽约的机票价格value the amount of money that something is worth 价值A new kitchen can increase the value of your home. 新厨房可以增加你房屋的价值。charge the amount that you have to pay for a service or to use something 〔使用服务或某物的〕费用，手续费Hotel guests may use the gym for a small charge. 酒店客人支付少许费用便可使用健身房。bank charges 银行手续费fee the amount you have to pay to enter a place or join a group, or for the services of a professional person such as a lawyer or a doctor 〔进入某地或加入某组织的〕费用；〔专业人士的〕服务费There is no entrance fee. 没有入场费。The membership fee is £125 a year. 会员费是125英镑一年。legal fees 律师费fare the amount you have to pay to travel somewhere by bus, plane, train etc 〔公共汽车、飞机、火车等的〕交通费I didn’t even have enough money for my bus fare. 我甚至连买公共汽车车票的钱都不够。fare increases 票价上涨rent the amount you have to pay to live in or use a place that you do not own 〔房子或地方的〕租费，租金The rent on his apartment is $800 a month. 他的公寓租金是800美元一个月。rate a charge that is set according to a standard scale 〔根据标准比率而定的〕费用，费率Most TV stations offer special rates to local advertisers. 大多数电视台都给当地的广告客户提供优惠费率。toll the amount you have to pay to travel on some roads or bridges 〔道路或桥梁的〕通行费You have to pay tolls on many French motorways. 法国许多高速公路都要付通行费。
Examples from the Corpus
cost• In the budgeting process the firm should decide on what should be treated as profit centres and what as cost centres.• Medical care costs keep rising.• IBM is continuing to cut costs in an effort to be more competitive.• We will deliver and install your computer at no extra cost.• The high cost of health care in the US is causing a great deal of concern.• War is never worth its cost in human life.• If you lose the case, you will face substantial legal costs.• This procedure, known as the capitalization of costs, also increases net income.• Bovard estimated a minimum of 10,000 volumes were flooded, at a replacement cost of $ 10 million.• £650,000 will be needed to cover the hospital's running costs during its first year.• In general, however, they found that consumers took better care of appliances on hire purchase and that servicing costs were lower.• But increased short-term costs should result in overall savings in the longer term.• Many old people have to live in poverty because of the steady rise in the cost of living.• Corporate Software Inc has developed an approach to the problem designed to minimise the cost.• Internet banking will considerably reduce the cost of doing business.• A regular service contract is not expensive when compared to the cost of modern instruments and can provide great peace of mind.• A company hired to do telemarketing ups the cost to as much as 40 percent.• We'll make sure you have the operation, whatever the cost.• The cost of electricity has fallen in the last twelve months.running costs• However, governance structures differ in terms of their set-up and running costs.• Even if the crèche is already built, running costs can be considerable.• Some methods of treatment require plants that cost more than others. whereas some processes may have much lower running costs.• Thus maintenance can make an important contribution to containing machine running costs as well as ensuring optimum machine availability.• The corporation has prepared a detailed indication of running costs for the new hovercraft.• Gas is slower-burning, resulting in reduced wear on principal engine components and reduced running costs.• It will probably be used for capital funding rather than running costs.• Here, the university provides premises for a social centre For the graduates; the Manpower Services Commission provides the running costs.at all costs• Avoid at all costs unnecessary negative comments when speaking to a work-inhibited student.• Gusty winds are to be avoided at all costs.• Gardeners occasionally regard shade as an evil to be avoided at all costs.• In their eyes a reconciliation was to be avoided at all costs.• He had to hold the Control at all costs and discourage the enemy from any further attempt to rush his position.• The withdrawn lands had to be kept off-limits at all costs.• In the effort to bolster ratings at all costs, journalistic standards have been lowered.at cost• Most of the materials were bought at cost from local suppliers.cost2 ●●● S1 W2 verb 1 (past tense and past participle cost) [linking verb]COST to have a particular price 价格为；需支付〔某一数量的钱〕2 cost somebody their job/life/marriage etc LOSE/NOT HAVE ANYMOREwhen something makes you lose your job etc 以某人的工作/生命/婚姻等为代价3 cost somebody dear/dearly SUFFERto make someone suffer a lot or to lose something important 使某人付出沉重代价4 (past tense and past participle costed) [transitive]BFCOUNT/CALCULATE to calculate the total price of something or decide how much the price of something should be 计算…的成本；估计…的花费5 it will cost you spokenEXPENSIVE used to say that something will be expensive 要花大钱，贵得很n COLLOCATIONSphrasescost a lotTheir hair products are really good but they cost a lot.not cost muchSecond hand clothes don’t cost much.cost something per minute/hour/year etcCalls cost only 2p per minute.cost something per personThere’s a one-day course that costs £80 per person.cost something per head (=per person)The meal will cost about £20 per head.not cost (somebody) a penny (=cost nothing)Using the Internet, you can make phone calls that don’t cost a penny.cost a fortune/cost the earth (=have a very high price)If you use a lawyer, it will cost you a fortune.cost a bomb/a packet British English (=have a very high price)He has a new sports car that must have cost a bomb.cost an arm and a leg (=have a price that is much too high)A skiing holiday needn’t cost you an arm and a leg. THESAURUScost to have a particular price 价格为The book costs $25. 这本书售价25美元。A new kitchen will cost you a lot of money. 一个新厨房需要花费很多钱。nIt’s a nice dress and it didn’t cost much.be especially spoken to cost a particular amount of money 价格是These shoes were only £5. 这双鞋只卖5英镑。be priced at something to have a particular price – used when giving the exact price that a shop or company charges for something 价格是…〔指商店或公司的定价〕Tickets are priced at $20 for adults and $10 for kids. 票价成人20美元，儿童10美元。retail at something to be sold in shops at a particular price – used especially in business 零售价是…〔尤用于商业〕The scissors retail at £1.99 in department stores. 剪刀在百货商店的零售价是1.99英镑。sell/go for something used for saying what people usually pay for something 卖某价钱Houses in this area sell for around £200,000. 这个地区的房子卖20万英镑左右。fetch used for saying what people pay for something, especially at a public sale 〔尤在公开出售时〕售得，卖得The painting fetched over $8,000 at auction. 这幅画在拍卖会上拍了8,000多美元。nA sports car built for Mussolini is expected to fetch nearly £1 million at auction.set somebody back something informal to cost someone a lot of money 花费某人许多钱A good set of speakers will set you back around £150. 一套好的扬声器要花掉你150英镑左右。come to if a bill comes to a particular amount, it adds up to that amount 〔账单〕总计为The bill came to £100 between four of us. 账单我们四个人一共100英镑。→ See Verb tableExamples from the Corpus
cost• Tickets for the show cost £15 or £20.• The Department of Education estimates that it will cost $17 billion to build the new schools.• Our staff are trained to administer the policy on page 53, which costs £17 per person for 18 days.• Cable TV service costs $19.95 a month.• My first bike cost $ 200.• The options are being costed and analyzed.• The project had been incorrectly costed and the money ran out before it could be completed.• It would be a good idea to get the plan costed before presenting it to the board.• Look at Frank's new Mercedes - it must have cost a fortune.• Instead, they survive on a liquid diet that costs a staggering $ 10,000 a month.• Larry's years of hard drinking and living almost cost him his life.• How much does a house like that cost in America?• I stayed in a hotel in Paris which cost me $150 a night.• Slopeside lodgings cost more, but often you are spared the expense of renting a car.• Treasury sums said the rebate would be worth £4m, but would cost more to fix.• It is costing our industrialists dear, and our exporters.• All this delay has cost the company an important contract.• Mr Major has already discovered that repossessions and defaults cost the government money as well as damaging consumer confidence and financial institutions.• The field goal he missed cost the team the game.• Another mistake like that could cost you your job.cost the earth• A well planned, well made kitchen that doesn't cost the earth.• But ... but it must cost the earth.• He would miss seeing Harry and, besides, a weekend at some hotel would cost the earth.• In Coventry Sir William Lyons produced wonderful engineering and style-but he didn't believe his cars should cost the earth.• It's better than getting a locum in - they cost the earth and sometimes do more harm than good.• It would cost the earth, but it had to be safer than Nigel's Aston Martin.• But flooring need not cost the earth; nor is carpeting the only solution.• This is a flexible, well-designed machine which produces quality prints and doesn't cost the earth to print them.From Longman Business Dictionarycostcost1 /kɒstkɒːst/ noun1[countable, uncountable] the amount of money that you have to pay in order to buy, do, or produce somethingThe distributor bears the full cost of promoting a film.Siemens is moving production to low cost sites in Portugal and Mexico.The policy covers all major illnesses and includes children’s cover at no extra cost.The company had to bring in skilled workers from abroad, often at high cost.2costs [plural]ACCOUNTING the money that a business or an individual must regularly spendThe rising costs of land and labour have weakened the ship repair business in Singapore.Delays in construction could increase costs significantly.Kraft is seeking to cut costs by closing plants.Rents will be sufficient to cover costs (=pay for costs) and allow the developer a profit. → accrued cost → bid costs → carrying cost → current cost → depreciated cost → direct cost → discretionary costs → economic cost → factor cost → factory cost → fixed cost → historic cost → holding cost → incremental cost → indirect cost → landed cost → lifecycle cost → marginal cost → one-off cost → operating cost → opportunity cost → overhead cost → replacement cost → running cost → setup cost → standard cost → standby cost → sunk cost → transaction cost → unit cost → variable costcostcost2 verb1 (past tense and past participle cost) [transitive] to have a particular priceThis dress cost $75.cost (somebody) somethingHow much did the work cost you?2cost a (small) fortune/the earth (also cost a bomb/packet British English informal) to have a very high priceThe meal cost a small fortune, but it was well worth it.What a fantastic dress. It must have cost a bomb!3 (past tense and past participle costed) [transitive usually passive]ACCOUNTING to calculate the cost of something or decide how much something should costWe’ll get the plan costed before sending it to the board.→ See Verb tableOrigin cost2 (1300-1400) Old French coster, from Latin constare “to stand firm, cost”; → CONSTANT1cost1 noun →REGISTER1 →n COLLOCATIONS1
→THESAURUS1cost2 verb →n GRAMMAR1 →n GRAMMAR2
→n COLLOCATIONS1 →THESAURUS1LDOCE OnlineChinese
→THESAURUS1cost2 verb →n GRAMMAR1 →n GRAMMAR2
→n COLLOCATIONS1 →THESAURUS1LDOCE OnlineChinese
that money amount to of Corpus pay you Business the have
cost
cost1 S1 W1 /kɒst $ kɒːst/ 
noun
1. [countable] the amount of money that you have to pay in order to buy, do, or produce something
cost of
the cost of accommodation
I offered to pay the cost of the taxi.
Insurance to cover the cost of a funeral is possible.
This doesn’t include the cost of repairing the damage.
The new building’s going up at a cost of $82 million.
low cost housing
the high cost of production
A cassette/radio is included at no extra cost.
The funds will just cover the museum’s running costs. ⇨ cost of living
REGISTER
In everyday English, people usually ask how much did it cost? or how much was it? rather than using the noun cost:
▪ What was the cost of the accommodation? ➔ How much did the accommodation cost?
▪ | I’ll find out the cost. ➔ I’ll find out how much it costs/is.
2. costs [plural]
a. the money that you must regularly spend in order to run a business, a home, a car etc
reduce/cut costs
We have to cut costs in order to remain competitive.
At this rate we’ll barely cover our costs (=make enough money to pay for the things we have bought).
the travel costs incurred in attending the meeting (=money you have to spend)
Because of the engine’s efficiency the car has very low running costs (=the cost of owning and using a car or machine).
b. (also court costs) the money that you must pay to lawyers etc if you are involved in a legal case in court, especially if you are found guilty:
Bellisario won the case and was awarded costs.
He was fined £1,000 and ordered to pay costs of £2,200.
3. [uncountable and countable] something that you lose, give away, damage etc in order to achieve something
at (a) cost to somebody
She had kept her promise to Christine, but at what cost to herself?
social/environmental etc cost
They need to weigh up the costs and benefits (=disadvantages and advantages) of regulation.
He’s determined to win, whatever the cost (=no matter how much work, money, risk etc is needed).
We must avoid a scandal at all costs (=whatever happens).
4. [singular] especially American English the price that someone pays for something that they are going to sell
SYN cost price
at cost
His uncle’s a car dealer and let him buy the car at cost (=without making a profit).
5. know/find out/learn etc something to your cost to realize something is true because you have had a very unpleasant experience:
Driving fast in wet conditions is dangerous, as my brother discovered to his cost__
⇨ count the cost at count1(10)
■ verbs
▪pay the cost of something I’m not sure how I’m going to pay the cost of going to college.
▪cover the cost (=pay for something) The money he had saved just covered the cost of the trip.
▪meet/bear the cost of something (=pay for something, especially with difficulty) His family were unable to meet the cost of his operation.
▪afford the cost of something We can’t afford the cost of a holiday abroad this year.
▪reduce/lower/bring down the cost If you go later in the year, it will bring down the cost of your holiday.
▪cut the cost (=reduce it) The government has promised to cut the cost of medical care.
▪increase/push up the cost The new tax will increase the cost of owning a car.
▪the cost rises/goes up The cost of electricity has risen again.
▪the cost falls/goes down Airline costs have fallen considerably.
■ adjectives
▪high/low the high cost of fuel
▪the average cost What’s the average cost of a wedding in the UK?
▪an extra/additional cost At the campsite, many activities are available at no extra cost.
▪the full/total cost Experts are still assessing the full cost of the disaster.
▪the estimated cost (=one that is guessed and may not be exact) The estimated cost was in the region of £3,000.
▪the annual/monthly cost This figure represents the annual cost of a loan.
▪labour/production/transport etc costs They had to pay £30,000 in legal costs.
▪running/operating costs (=the amount it costs to run a business, a machine etc) The new technology is cheaper and the running costs are lower.
▪borrowing costs (=the amount it costs to borrow money from a bank) Interest rates and borrowing costs are likely to be higher next year.
■ phrases
▪the cost of living (=the amount you need to pay for food, clothes etc) People are complaining about the rising cost of living.
▪ cost the amount of money you need to buy or do something. Cost is usually used when talking in a general way about whether something is expensive or cheap rather than when talking about exact prices: The cost of running a car is increasing. | the cost of raw materials
▪price the amount of money you must pay for something that is for sale: They sell good-quality clothes at reasonable prices. | the price of a plane ticket to New York
▪value the amount of money that something is worth: A new kitchen can increase the value of your home.
▪charge the amount that you have to pay for a service or to use something: Hotel guests may use the gym for a small charge. | bank charges
▪fee the amount you have to pay to enter a place or join a group, or for the services of a professional person such as a lawyer or a doctor: There is no entrance fee. | The membership fee is £125 a year. | legal fees
▪fare the amount you have to pay to travel somewhere by bus, plane, train etc: I didn’t even have enough money for my bus fare. | fare increases
▪rent the amount you have to pay to live in or use a place that you do not own: The rent on his apartment is $800 a month.
▪rate a charge that is set according to a standard scale: Most TV stations offer special rates to local advertisers.
▪toll the amount you have to pay to travel on some roads or bridges: You have to pay tolls on many French motorways.
cost2 S1 W2 verb
A full day’s activities will cost you £45.
His proposals could cost the taxpayer around £8 billion a year.
How much would it cost us to replace?
not cost somebody a penny (=cost nothing)
It won’t cost you a penny for the first six months.
cost a (small) fortune/a pretty penny (=have a very high price)
It’s costing us a fortune in phone bills.
cost a bomb/a packet British English (=have a very high price)
What a fantastic dress. It must have cost a bomb__
Lighting can change the look of a room and needn’t cost the earth (=have a price which is too high).
Getting that insured is going to cost you an arm and a leg (=have a very high price).
2. cost somebody their job/life/marriage etc when something makes you lose your job etc:
Joe’s brave action cost him his life.
His strong stand on the issue could have cost him his job.
Bad management could be costing this club a chance at the title.
3. cost somebody dear/dearly to make someone suffer a lot or to lose something important:
A couple of missed chances in the first half cost them dear.
The scandal has cost Nicholson dearly.
4. (past tense and past participle costed) [transitive usually passive] to calculate the total price of something or decide how much the price of something should be:
We’ll get the plan costed before presenting it to the board.
5. it will cost you spoken used to say that something will be expensive:
Tickets are available, but they’ll cost you!
■ phrases
▪cost a lot Their hair products are really good but they cost a lot.
▪not cost much Second hand clothes don’t cost much.
▪cost something per minute/hour/year etc Calls cost only 2p per minute.
▪cost something per person There’s a one-day course that costs £80 per person.
▪cost something per head (=per person) The meal will cost about £20 per head.
▪not cost (somebody) a penny (=cost nothing) Using the Internet, you can make phone calls that don’t cost a penny.
▪cost a fortune/cost the earth (=have a very high price) If you use a lawyer, it will cost you a fortune.
▪cost a bomb/a packet British English (=have a very high price) He has a new sports car that must have cost a bomb.
▪cost an arm and a leg (=have a price that is much too high) A skiing holiday needn’t cost you an arm and a leg.
▪ cost to have a particular price: The book costs $25. | A new kitchen will cost you a lot of money. | It’s a nice dress and it didn’t cost much.
▪be especially spoken to cost a particular amount of money: These shoes were only £5.
▪be priced at something to have a particular price – used when giving the exact price that a shop or company charges for something: Tickets are priced at $20 for adults and $10 for kids.
▪retail at something to be sold in shops at a particular price – used especially in business: The scissors retail at £1.99 in department stores.
▪sell/go for something used for saying what people usually pay for something: Houses in this area sell for around £200,000.
▪fetch used for saying what people pay for something, especially at a public sale: The painting fetched over $8,000 at auction. | A sports car built for Mussolini is expected to fetch nearly £1 million at auction.
▪set somebody back something informal to cost someone a lot of money: A good set of speakers will set you back around £150.
▪come to if a bill comes to a particular amount, it adds up to that amount: The bill came to £100 between four of us.
| I |
noun1. [countable] the amount of money that you have to pay in order to buy, do, or produce something
cost of
REGISTER
In everyday English, people usually ask how much did it cost? or how much was it? rather than using the noun cost:
▪ What was the cost of the accommodation? ➔ How much did the accommodation cost?
▪ | I’ll find out the cost. ➔ I’ll find out how much it costs/is.
2. costs [plural]
a. the money that you must regularly spend in order to run a business, a home, a car etc
reduce/cut costs
b. (also court costs) the money that you must pay to lawyers etc if you are involved in a legal case in court, especially if you are found guilty:
3. [uncountable and countable] something that you lose, give away, damage etc in order to achieve something
at (a) cost to somebody
social/environmental etc cost
4. [singular] especially American English the price that someone pays for something that they are going to sell
SYN cost price
at cost
5. know/find out/learn etc something to your cost to realize something is true because you have had a very unpleasant experience:
⇨ count the cost at count1(10)
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verb Date: 1300-1400
Language: Old French
Origin: coster, from Latin constare 'to stand firm, cost'; ⇨ constant1
1. (past tense and past participle cost) [linking verb] to have a particular price:Language: Old French
Origin: coster, from Latin constare 'to stand firm, cost'; ⇨ constant1
not cost somebody a penny (=cost nothing)
cost a (small) fortune/a pretty penny (=have a very high price)
cost a bomb/a packet British English (=have a very high price)
2. cost somebody their job/life/marriage etc when something makes you lose your job etc:
3. cost somebody dear/dearly to make someone suffer a lot or to lose something important:
4. (past tense and past participle costed) [transitive usually passive] to calculate the total price of something or decide how much the price of something should be:
5. it will cost you spoken used to say that something will be expensive:
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price the amount of money that you have to pay for an item or service 指商品或服务的价格、价钱 ：◆ house prices 房屋价格 ◆ How much are these? They don't have a price on them. 这些东西卖多少钱？它们都没有标价。 ◆ I can't afford it at that price .这样的价格我付不起。 cost the amount of money that you need in order to buy, make or do sth 指购买、制造某物或做某事所需的成本、费用、花费 ：◆ A new computer system has been installed at a cost of £80 000. 新的计算机系统已安装，费用为 8 万英镑。 value how much sth is worth in money or other goods for which it can be exchanged 指价值 ：◆ The winner will receive a prize to the value of £1 000.获胜者将得到价值为 1 000 英镑的奖品。 NOTE Especially in British English, value can also mean how much sth is worth compared with its price.尤其在英式英语中，value 亦表示划算程度 ：◆ This restaurant is excellent value (= .is worth the money it costs )这家餐馆很合算。
price, cost or value? 用 price、cost 还是 value？
expense the money that you spend on sth; sth that makes you spend money 指所花费用、花钱的东西、开销 ：◆ The garden was transformed at great expense .花园改建花了一大笔费用。 ◆ Running a car is a big expense. 养一辆车开销很大。 worth the financial value of sb/sth 指人或物的价值 ：◆ He has a personal net worth of $10 million. 他有价值 1 000 万美元的个人净资产。 NOTE Worth is more often used to mean the practical or moral value of sth.* worth 较常用以指某事物的实际作用或道德意义。
Patterns
the high price/cost/valuethe real/true price/cost/value/worthto put/set a price/valueon sthto increase/reduce the price/cost/value/expenseto raise/double/lower the price/cost/valueto cut the price/cost
costs the total amount of money that needs to be spent by a business 指成本 ：◆ labour/production costs 人工／生产成本 ◆ rising costs 正在上涨的成本 spending the amount of money that is spent, especially by a government or an organization 尤指政府或机构的开支、支出、花销 ：◆ public spending 公共开支 ◆ More spending on health was promised. 已承诺增加医疗开支。 expenditure ( an amount of money spent by a government, an organization or a personrather
指政府、机构或个人的开支、支出、花费 ：◆ expenditure on education 教育支出 expenses money that has to be spent by a person or an organization; money that you spend while you are working which your employer will pay back to you later 指个人或机构必需的开支、花费或报销的费用 ：◆ legal expenses 律师费 ◆ travel expenses 差旅费 overhead(s) the regular costs of running a business or an organization, such as rent, electricity and wages 指经费、运营费用、经常性开支 ：◆ High overheads mean small profit margins. 经费开销大意味着利润低。 outlay the money that you have to spend in order to start a new business or project, or in order to save yourself money or time later 指启动新业务或项目所必要的开支、费用或为了节省后期投入而使用的经费 ：◆ The best equipment is costly but is well worth the outlay. 最好的设备花费大，但这种开支很值得。
Patterns
spending/expenditure/outlay on sthhigh/low costs/spending/expenditure/expenses/overheadstotal costs/spending/expenditure/expenses/overheads/outlaycapital costs/spending/expenditure/expenses/outlayhousehold costs/spending/expenditure/expensesgovernment/public/education/health costs/spending/expenditureto increase/reduce costs/spending/expenditure/expenses/overheads/the outlay
Running a business 经营企业
buy/acquire/own/sell a company/firm/franchise收购／获得／拥有／出售公司／商行／特许经销权 set up/establish/start/start up/launch a business/company创办企业／公司 run/operate a business/company/franchise经营企业／公司／专卖店 head/run a firm/department/team管理公司／部门／团队 make/secure/win/block a deal达成／阻止一笔交易 expand/grow/build the business扩展业务 boost/increase investment/spending/sales/turnover/earnings/exports/trade增加投资／支出／销售量／营业额／收入／出口／贸易 increase/expand production/output/sales增加产量／输出量／销售量 boost/maximize production/productivity/efficiency/income/revenue/profit/profitability使产量／生产力／效率／收入／收益／利润／收益增加／最大化 achieve/maintain/sustain growth/profitability实现／维持／保持增长／收益 cut/reduce/bring down/lower/slash costs/prices削减成本／价格 announce/impose/make cuts/cutbacks宣布／强制实行／实施削减
Sales and marketing 销售和市场营销
break into/enter/capture/dominate the market打入／进入／占领／控制市场 gain/grab/take/win/boost/lose market share取得／夺取／得到／赢得／增加／丢失市场份额 find/build/create a market for sth为某物找到／建立／开创市场 start/launch an advertising/a marketing campaign发起广告／营销宣传活动 develop/launch/promote a product/website开发／推出／推销产品／网站 create/generate demand for your product为产品创造需求 attract/get/retain/help customers/clients吸引／赢得／留住／帮助顾客／客户 drive/generate/boost/increase demand/sales刺激／创造／提高／增加需求／销售量 beat/keep ahead of/out-think/outperform the competition打败／领先于／智胜／胜过竞争对手 meet/reach/exceed/miss sales targets完成／达到／超过／未达到销售目标
Finance 财务
draw up/set/present/agree/approve a budget起草／制订／提出／批准预算 keep to/balance/cut/reduce/slash the budget执行／平衡／削减／大幅削减预算 be/come in below/under/over/within budget未超出／超出预算；在预算之内 generate income/revenue/profit/funds/business产生收益／利润／资金／营业额 fund/finance a campaign/a venture/an expansion/spending/a deficit为活动／商业项目／扩张／开支／赤字提供资金 provide/raise/allocate capital/funds提供／筹集／分配资金 attract/encourage investment/investors吸引／鼓励投资／投资者 recover/recoup costs/losses/an investment收回成本／亏损／投资 get/obtain/offer sb/grant sb credit/a loan获得／为某人提供／准予某人贷款 apply for/raise/secure/arrange/provide finance申请／筹集／获得／安排／提供资金
Failure 失败；不成功
lose business/trade/customers/sales/revenue失去生意／买卖／顾客／销量／收益 accumulate/accrue/incur/run up debts累积／积累／招致／积欠债务 suffer/sustain enormous/heavy/serious losses蒙受惨重损失 face cuts/a deficit/redundancy/bankruptcy面临削减／赤字／裁员／破产 file for/ ( NAmE enter/avoid/escape bankruptcy申请／避免／幸免破产 ( BrE go into administration/liquidation进入行政接管／清算 liquidate/wind up a company清算／关闭公司 survive/weather a recession/downturn艰难渡过萧条期／衰退期 propose/seek/block/oppose a merger提出／寻求／阻止／反对合并 launch/make/accept/defeat a takeover bid发起／进行／接受／阻止收购投标
also
Running a business 经营企业
buy/acquire/own/sell a company/firm/franchise收购／获得／拥有／出售公司／商行／特许经销权 set up/establish/start/start up/launch a business/company创办企业／公司 run/operate a business/company/franchise经营企业／公司／专卖店 head/run a firm/department/team管理公司／部门／团队 make/secure/win/block a deal达成／阻止一笔交易 expand/grow/build the business扩展业务 boost/increase investment/spending/sales/turnover/earnings/exports/trade增加投资／支出／销售量／营业额／收入／出口／贸易 increase/expand production/output/sales增加产量／输出量／销售量 boost/maximize production/productivity/efficiency/income/revenue/profit/profitability使产量／生产力／效率／收入／收益／利润／收益增加／最大化 achieve/maintain/sustain growth/profitability实现／维持／保持增长／收益 cut/reduce/bring down/lower/slash costs/prices削减成本／价格 announce/impose/make cuts/cutbacks宣布／强制实行／实施削减
Sales and marketing 销售和市场营销
break into/enter/capture/dominate the market打入／进入／占领／控制市场 gain/grab/take/win/boost/lose market share取得／夺取／得到／赢得／增加／丢失市场份额 find/build/create a market for sth为某物找到／建立／开创市场 start/launch an advertising/a marketing campaign发起广告／营销宣传活动 develop/launch/promote a product/website开发／推出／推销产品／网站 create/generate demand for your product为产品创造需求 attract/get/retain/help customers/clients吸引／赢得／留住／帮助顾客／客户 drive/generate/boost/increase demand/sales刺激／创造／提高／增加需求／销售量 beat/keep ahead of/out-think/outperform the competition打败／领先于／智胜／胜过竞争对手 meet/reach/exceed/miss sales targets完成／达到／超过／未达到销售目标
Finance 财务
draw up/set/present/agree/approve a budget起草／制订／提出／批准预算 keep to/balance/cut/reduce/slash the budget执行／平衡／削减／大幅削减预算 be/come in below/under/over/within budget未超出／超出预算；在预算之内 generate income/revenue/profit/funds/business产生收益／利润／资金／营业额 fund/finance a campaign/a venture/an expansion/spending/a deficit为活动／商业项目／扩张／开支／赤字提供资金 provide/raise/allocate capital/funds提供／筹集／分配资金 attract/encourage investment/investors吸引／鼓励投资／投资者 recover/recoup costs/losses/an investment收回成本／亏损／投资 get/obtain/offer sb/grant sb credit/a loan获得／为某人提供／准予某人贷款 apply for/raise/secure/arrange/provide finance申请／筹集／获得／安排／提供资金
Failure 失败；不成功
lose business/trade/customers/sales/revenue失去生意／买卖／顾客／销量／收益 accumulate/accrue/incur/run up debts累积／积累／招致／积欠债务 suffer/sustain enormous/heavy/serious losses蒙受惨重损失 face cuts/a deficit/redundancy/bankruptcy面临削减／赤字／裁员／破产 file for/ ( NAmE enter/avoid/escape bankruptcy申请／避免／幸免破产 ( BrE go into administration/liquidation进入行政接管／清算 liquidate/wind up a company清算／关闭公司 survive/weather a recession/downturn艰难渡过萧条期／衰退期 propose/seek/block/oppose a merger提出／寻求／阻止／反对合并 launch/make/accept/defeat a takeover bid发起／进行／接受／阻止收购投标