course
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++course1 /kɔːs $ kɔːrs/ ●●● S1 W1 noun 1 of course a) KNOW somethingused to show that what you are saying is expected or already known and so not surprising 当然，自然〔用于提及你认为别人已经知道或应当知道的某事〕 You can pay by cheque, assuming of course you have a valid cheque card. 你可以用支票来支付，不过当然你必须有一张有效的支票保付卡。 Of course there are exceptions to every rule. 当然，每条规定都会有例外。 b) AGREE (also course informal) spoken used to say yes or to give permission politely 当然，当然可以〔用于礼貌地同意或允许某人〕 ‘Can I have a word with you?’ ‘Of course.’ “我能否和你说句话？”“当然可以啦。” ‘Can you give me a lift?’ ‘Course, no problem.’ “你能让我搭个便车吗？”“当然可以，没问题。” c) (also course informal) spokenEMPHASIZETRUE used to emphasize that what you are saying is true or correct 当然〔用于强调你所说的是真的或正确的〕 Of course he’ll come! 他当然会来的！well/but of course Well of course I love you. 我当然爱你。2 of course not (also course not informal) spokenUNTRUE used to say very strongly that something is not true or correct 当然不；决不 He asked his father if it was true. ‘Of course not, ’ Jack said. 他问他爸爸这是否是真的。“当然不是真的。”杰克说。 ‘You don’t mind if I call her?’ ‘No, course not.’ “我给她打电话你不会介意吧？”“当然不会。”3 LESSONSeducation 教育 [countable]SEC a) a series of lessons in a particular subject 课程 SYN American English class Andy’s doing a one-year journalism course. 安迪正在修读为期一年的新闻课程。course on/in a course on architecture 建筑学课程 I’m taking a course in graphic design. 我在上一门平面设计课程。 b) British English a period of study in a particular subject, especially at university 〔尤指大学里某一门课的〕课程（时间） SYN American English program a degree course in photography 摄影学位课程 ► Course is never followed by ‘of’. Don’t say ‘a course of Business Studies’. Say ‘a course in Business Studies’. Course 后面不可跟 of。不要说 ‘a course of Business Studies’，而要说 ‘a course in Business Studies’(商科课程)。4 time 时间 [singular]PERIOD OF TIME a period of time or process during which something happens 过程，进程，经过during/in/throughout/over the course of something During the course of our conversation, it emerged that Bob had been in prison. 我们在谈话过程中得知鲍勃坐过牢。 Over the course of the next few years, the steel industry was reorganized. 在接下来的几年里，钢铁工业进行了重组。in the course of doing something In the course of researching customer needs, we discovered how few families have adequate life insurance. 在研究客户需求的过程中，我们发现购买足够人寿险的家庭少之又少。5 development 发展 [singular]NATURAL the usual or natural way that something changes, develops, or is done 自然的进展；通常的过程course of forces that shape the course of evolution 影响进化过程的因素 Meeting Sally changed the whole course of his life. 遇到萨莉改变了他的一生。in the normal/natural/ordinary course of events In the normal course of events, a son would inherit from his father. 在正常情况下，儿子将继承父亲的财产。take/run its course (=develop in the usual way and reach a natural end) 自然地发展，持续到自然结束 Relax and let nature take its course. 放松下来，顺其自然吧。 It seems the boom in World Music has run its course. “世界音乐”的繁荣似乎已经到了尽头。 Gorbachev changed the course of Soviet history. 戈尔巴乔夫改变了苏联的历史进程。6 plans 计划 [singular, uncountable] the general plans someone has to achieve something or the general way something is happening 方针，总方向7 ACTIONSactions 行动 [countable usually singular]DEAL WITH an action or series of actions that you could take in order to deal with a particular situation 〔处理事件的〕行动方式；处理方式8 direction 方向 [countable usually singular, uncountable]TTWTTA the planned direction taken by a boat or plane to reach a place 〔船或飞机的〕航向9 on course likely to achieve something because you have already had some success 〔因已取得一些成功〕可能成就〔某事〕10 meal 菜肴 [countable]DF one of the separate parts of a meal 一道菜11 sport 体育 [countable]DS an area of land or water where races are held, or an area of land designed for playing golf 〔陆上或水上的〕赛场，赛道；高尔夫球场12 medical treatment 医治 [countable] especially British EnglishSERIES an amount of medicine or medical treatment that you have regularly for a specific period of time 疗程13 in (the) course of time EVENTUALLYafter some or enough time has passed 终于；总有一天 SYN eventually14 river 河流 [countable]SG the direction a river moves in 江河的流向15 wall 墙 [countable]TBC a layer of bricks, stone etc in a wall 〔墙中砖、石等的〕层 → as a matter of course at matter1(20), → par for the course at par(3), → stay the course at stay1(7), → in due course at due1(4) COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 3: verbstake a course (also do a course British English) 修读课程I decided to do a course in Italian. 我决定修读一门意大利语课程。go on a course British English 参加课程My company wanted me to go on a course in management skills. 我的公司希望我参加一门管理技能方面的课程。pass/fail a course 通过/没有通过课程If you pass the course, you get a diploma in psychology. 如果课程及格，你就可以得到心理学文凭。apply for a course 报读课程The following year she applied for a nursing course. 第二年，她报读了一门护理学课程。enrol on a course/put your name down for a course British English (=to arrange to officially join a course) 报名读一门课程nHow about enrolling on a sailing course?attend a course formal (=take part in a course) 参加课程nYou’ll have to attend a course on how to deal with customers on the phone.withdraw from a course/drop out of a course (=leave it without finishing it) 退出课程nShe had to withdraw from the course because of illness.teach a course 教一门课程nShe is teaching an introductory course in Russian.run a course 开设课程nThe course is run by the British Council.noffer a courseThe course is offered on a part-time basis.nchange (your) course (=at university or college)Some students choose to change their course after the first year.ADJECTIVES/NOUN + coursea language/art/design etc course 语言/艺术/设计等课程The school runs ten-week language courses three times a year. 该校一年三次开设为期十周的语言课程。a full-time/part-time course 全日制/兼读制课程There are also part-time courses for mature students. 另有为大龄学生开设的兼读制课程。an elementary/intermediate/advanced course 初级/中级/高级课程an advanced course in art and design 艺术与设计高级课程a one-year/two-year etc course 一年期/两年期等课程She did a one-year teacher training course. 她上了一个一年期的教师培训课程。a short course 短期课程nI did a short course on website design.an intensive course (=in which you learn a lot in a short time) 强化课程,密集课程nAn intensive course in Russian is provided for those who do not already know the language.a crash course informal (=in which you learn a great deal in a very short time) 速成课程nA husband was given a crash course in how to deliver a baby by a midwife on the phone.a training course 培训课程nIf you are offered the job, you will attend a two-week training course.a vocational course (=that trains you to do a particular job) 职业教育课程na vocational course in architecturena college/university coursestudents who fail their college coursesna degree course British English (also an undergraduate course) (=a first course at a university, which usually lasts three years)a three-year degree coursena postgraduate course British English (=one you do after your first degree course)a correspondence course (=in which you work at home, sending work to a teacher by post) 函授课程an introductory course (=for people who have never done a particular subject or activity before) 入门课程nan induction course (=that you do when you start a new job or position)a refresher course (=short and intended to teach you about new developments in a subject) 进修课程na foundation course British English (=a general course that students do in the first year at some universities)a sandwich course British English (=that includes periods of work in industry or business) 工读交替制课程na tailor-made course (=one that is specially designed for someone)a tailor-made course to help senior staff develop their negotiation skillscourse + NOUNa course tutor British English: 课程指导老师I discussed it with my course tutor. 我和课程指导老师进行了讨论。course material 课程资料,课程教材Teachers are provided with course material. 有课程资料提供给老师。the course syllabus (=the plan of what is taught on a course) 课程纲要nThe school has recently introduced a new course syllabus.COMMON ERRORS ► Don’t say ‘make a course’. Say do or take a course. 不要说 ‘make a course’. 而要说 do or take a course.n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 5: the usual or natural way that something changes, develops, or is done 自然的进展；通常的过程verbssomething takes a course (=develops in a particular way)He felt that events were taking the wrong course.something takes/runs its course (=develops in the usual or natural way)There was nothing we could do except watch the illness run its course.change/alter the course of somethingThe incident changed the course of the election. 戈尔巴乔夫改变了苏联的历史进程。influence/shape the course of somethingThe result of this battle influenced the whole course of the war.determine/decide the course of somethingDon’t let chance decide the course of your career.phrasesin the normal/ordinary course of somethingHis bravery was far more than was required in the normal course of duty.the course of history/somebody’s life etcChanging conditions shape the course of evolution.
Examples from the Corpus
course• a five-course banquet• I've decided to do a course in aromatherapy.• a course in music journalism• Advanced courses afford the opportunity to study classical religious and anti-religious texts of influential philosophers from Plato to Sartre.• No clear, specific regulations for these adult education classes and courses existed before 1924.• The plane had to change course to avoid the storm.• The college is offering three basic computer courses this year.• The waiter brought the first course, a simple leek and potato soup.• The council met last week to decide on a future course for peace.• For the main course we had roast turkey with vegetables.• Which is, of course, nonsense.• Investigators say the plane was over 800 miles off course when it crashed.• They are not linked to a particular course or to a particular method of study.• The captain decided to change the ship's course to avoid the storm.• All hunters applying for licenses are required to take a hunting safety course.• a cross-country ski course• It was more about learning from-and networking with-your fellow students than a straight forward taught course.• After the course, I began taking more interest in how other departments were tackling quality assurance.• Are you enjoying the course?• Scientists are monitoring the course of the measles epidemic throughout the state.• The course of the water was marked by a line of willow trees.• And there are few opportunities for students to develop such ability before they enroll in those courses.• It will be some years yet before the full uptake picture becomes available because the traditional courses are still being phased out.• She began a 12 week course on modern art.course on/in• For Rufus this was a crash course in race relations and show business.• Create a first-year elective course on social justice, including public interest law and race.• There was only one course in which Professor Sano, my depart-ment head, thought I might have trouble.• Photo: Henley Standard George Piggott 1978, aged 76, who remembers the course in 1915.• You will also share in presenting the full range of Data-Star training courses on a regular basis.• Cecil's colt's success at the highest level came on this very course in last season's Racing Post Trophy.• What courses in high school or college were the best?in the course of doing something• Both sides would broadcast interviews with senior personalities, in the course of which they gave interpretations of current developments.• He arrived at my home and in the course of the evening he buttonholed me.• Here are the six references Flaubert makes to Emma Bovary's eyes in the course of the book.• I have made some qualifications to this effect in the course of the argument.• Some of the earliest arguments that legislative intentions count were made to judges in the course of lawsuits.• That being so, the court held that the sale was a sale in the course of a business.• The central nervous system appears to be the pre-eminent instrument that has been designed for this function in the course of evolution.changed the course of• The coup against Gorbachev changed the course of the Soviet future.• In that instant he had changed the course of science and paved the way for the exploitation of Niagara Falls power.• Instead, I'd found something unlooked for that had changed the course of my entire life.• We could have changed the course of the war.• The influence of the three High Elf Mages changed the course of the war.• That small man changed the course of my life.• It was then that the newly-created Republican Party staged a convention that changed the course of the nation.steer a middle course• He steered a middle course between intimacy and aloofness which would have endeared him to the most demanding of guests.• Managers must steer a middle course between political correctness and political babble.• It has chosen to steer a middle course between them rather than undertake a strategic review.• He and Chris tried to steer a middle course during the ritual of drinks before dinner and the meal that followed.• I usually steer a middle course which avoids both waste and effort.take/decide on a course• It took the Millau Ten less than an hour to digest the court's ruling and decide on a course of action.• For older children, there are more complex issues to think over before deciding on a course of action.• He decided not to mention it to Josh until he and Helen could decide on a course of action.• I decided on a course of what the strategists over at the Pentagon call Massive Retaliation.• Ferranti then hopes to decide on a course of action and in particular on how to restructure its capital base.• Emergency meetings were called in Washington to decide on a course of action.on/off course• The survey showed that only one-third of those who had been on courses generated the training themselves.• Examinations on courses at end of first year.• With each one, Apple strengthened its contention that the mission of Macintosh was finally on course.• By the end of 1978 nine were in production and several more on course for development.• That meant a substantial breakfast, followed by a word with Posi to confirm that everything was on course and on line.• He said the Government was on course for elections to the new councils in 1995.first/second/main etc course• The dish can be served as a first course or as a light dinner entree with brown rice.• Typically, 2 birds are required per person for a main course and 1 bird per person for a salad course.• One reporter might work on an appetizer, another on a main course, and a third on a dessert.• At table, for the first course, the three of them worked on her as if consciously.• It was eaten with a spoon and served on festal days as part of the main course.• The second course would have been unusual and encouraging - and leadership in the village community would probably have fallen to him.• The cooks must make a soup, two main courses, at least one of them vegetarian, and two desserts.• Suddenly you are faced with desserts, unaccustomed first courses, and main courses swimming in cream and butter.course of injections/drugs/treatment etc• What is the best course of treatment?• It is important to conduct a complete course of treatment at the required dosage with these products.• One full course of treatment costs as little as 5 pence, and can save a life.• They are, so to speak, medications or courses of treatment.• Muhammad Ali attributed some of his victories in the boxing ring to a prior course of treatment with B15.• These seven strategies constitute the course of treatment.• In some of the cases new problems, not identified at the outset, emerged during the course of treatment.• Leukopenia tends to cluster early in the course of treatment, whereas aplastic anemia occurs fairly evenly throughout the first year.course2 verb 1 [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] literaryLIQUID if a liquid or electricity courses somewhere, it flows there quickly 奔流，快速流动2 [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] literaryTHINK SO/NOT BE SURE if a feeling courses through you, you feel it suddenly and strongly 〔感情、思想〕涌动3. [intransitive, transitive]DS to chase rabbits with dogs as a sport 〔用猎犬〕追猎〔兔子〕→ See Verb tableExamples from the Corpus
course• He stood quite still, shoulders shaking, tears coursing along the freckles.• Franca became aware that tears were coursing down her face.• Water coursed down Simon's body as he stood, shaking with cold, on the beam.• Pulses of energy coursed down the beam.• The storm system coursed through Georgia and Alabama.From Longman Business Dictionarycoursecourse /kɔːskɔːrs/ noun [countable] especially British English a series of classes or studies in a particular subjecta one-year journalism course → correspondence course → refresher course → sandwich coursecourse1 noun →COLLOCATIONS1 →n COLLOCATIONS2course2 verbLDOCE OnlineChinese
to you saying expected is Business show are Corpus what used that
course
course1 S1 W1 /kɔːs $ kɔːrs/ 
noun
1. of course
a. used to show that what you are saying is expected or already known and so not surprising:
You can pay by cheque, assuming of course you have a valid cheque card.
Of course there are exceptions to every rule.
b. (also course informal) spoken used to say yes or to give permission politely:
‘Can I have a word with you?’ ‘Of course.’
‘Can you give me a lift?’ ‘Course, no problem.’
c. (also course informal) spoken used to emphasize that what you are saying is true or correct:
Of course he’ll come!
well/but of course
Well of course I love you.
2. of course not (also course not informal) spoken used to say very strongly that something is not true or correct:
He asked his father if it was true. ‘Of course not,’ Jack said.
‘You don’t mind if I call her?’ ‘No, course not.’
3. EDUCATION [countable]
a. a series of lessons in a particular subject
SYN class American English:
Andy’s doing a one-year journalism course.
course on/in
a course on architecture
I’m taking a course in graphic design.
b. British English a period of study in a particular subject, especially at university
SYN program American English:
a degree course in photography
► Course is never followed by ‘of’. Do not say ‘a course of Business Studies’. Say ‘a course in Business Studies’.
4. TIME [singular] a period of time or process during which something happens
during/in/throughout/over the course of something
During the course of our conversation, it emerged that Bob had been in prison.
Over the course of the next few years, the steel industry was reorganized.
in the course of doing something
In the course of researching customer needs, we discovered how few families have adequate life insurance.
5. DEVELOPMENT [singular] the usual or natural way that something changes, develops, or is done
course of
forces that shape the course of evolution
Meeting Sally changed the whole course of his life.
in the normal/natural/ordinary course of events
In the normal course of events, a son would inherit from his father.
take/run its course (=develop in the usual way and reach a natural end)
Relax and let nature take its course.
It seems the boom in World Music has run its course.
Gorbachev changed the course of Soviet history.
6. PLANS [singular, uncountable] the general plans someone has to achieve something or the general way something is happening:
They will go to any lengths to get the White House to change course.
He will steer a middle course between pacifism and revolution.
As long as the economy stays on course, the future looks rosy.
7. ACTIONS [countable usually singular] an action or series of actions that you could take in order to deal with a particular situation:
I agreed that this was the only sensible course of action.
take/decide on a course
The judge took the only course of action open to him.
8. DIRECTION [countable usually singular, uncountable] the planned direction taken by a boat or plane to reach a place:
The plane changed course to avoid the storm.
on/off course (=going in the right or wrong direction)
The ship was blown off course.
The aircraft was almost ten miles off course.
She tightened the mainsail while holding the course (=travelling in the same direction as planned).
9. on course likely to achieve something because you have already had some success
on course for
If he wins today, he’s on course for the Grand Slam.
on course to do something
We’re back on course to qualify for the championship.
10. MEAL [countable] one of the separate parts of a meal
three-course/five-course etc meal
The ticket includes entry and a four-course meal.
first/second/main etc course
We had fish for the main course.
11. SPORT [countable] an area of land or water where races are held, or an area of land designed for playing golf:
a particularly difficult course
an 18-hole course ⇨ assault course, obstacle course(1)
12. MEDICAL TREATMENT [countable] especially British English an amount of medicine or medical treatment that you have regularly for a specific period of time
course of injections/drugs/treatment etc
a course of antibiotics
13. in (the) course of time after some or enough time has passed
SYN eventually:
She’ll get used to school in the course of time.
14. RIVER [countable] the direction a river moves in:
The course of the water was shown by a line of trees.
15. WALL [countable] a layer of bricks, stone etc in a wall:
a damp-proof course
⇨ as a matter of course at matter1(20), ⇨ par for the course at par(3), ⇨ stay the course at stay1(7), ⇨ in due course at due1(4)
■ verbs
▪take a course (also do a course British English) I decided to do a course in Italian.
▪go on a course British English My company wanted me to go on a course in management skills.
▪pass/fail a course If you pass the course, you get a diploma in psychology.
▪apply for a course The following year she applied for a nursing course.
▪enrol on a course/put your name down for a course British English (=to arrange to officially join a course) How about enrolling on a sailing course?
▪attend a course formal (=take part in a course) You’ll have to attend a course on how to deal with customers on the phone.
▪withdraw from a course/drop out of a course (=leave it without finishing it) She had to withdraw from the course because of illness.
▪teach a course She is teaching an introductory course in Russian.
▪run a course The course is run by the British Council.
▪offer a course The course is offered on a part-time basis.
▪change (your) course (=at university or college) Some students choose to change their course after the first year.
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + course
▪a language/art/design etc course The school runs ten-week language courses three times a year.
▪a full-time/part-time course There are also part-time courses for mature students.
▪an elementary/intermediate/advanced course an advanced course in art and design
▪a one-year/two-year etc course She did a one-year teacher training course.
▪a short course I did a short course on website design.
▪an intensive course (=in which you learn a lot in a short time) An intensive course in Russian is provided for those who do not already know the language.
▪a crash course informal (=in which you learn a great deal in a very short time) A husband was given a crash course in how to deliver a baby by a midwife on the phone.
▪a training course If you are offered the job, you will attend a two-week training course.
▪a vocational course (=that trains you to do a particular job) a vocational course in architecture
▪a college/university course students who fail their college courses
▪a degree course British English (also an undergraduate course ) (=a first course at a university, which usually lasts three years) a three-year degree course
▪a postgraduate course British English (=one you do after your first degree course)
▪a correspondence course (=in which you work at home, sending work to a teacher by post)
▪an introductory course (=for people who have never done a particular subject or activity before)
▪an induction course (=that you do when you start a new job or position)
▪a refresher course (=short and intended to teach you about new developments in a subject)
▪a foundation course British English (=a general course that students do in the first year at some universities)
▪a sandwich course British English (=that includes periods of work in industry or business)
▪a tailor-made course (=one that is specially designed for someone) a tailor-made course to help senior staff develop their negotiation skills
■ course + NOUN
▪a course tutor BrE: I discussed it with my course tutor.
▪course material Teachers are provided with course material.
▪the course syllabus (=the plan of what is taught on a course) The school has recently introduced a new course syllabus.
■ COMMON ERRORS
► Do not say 'make a course'. Say do or take a course.
■ verbs
▪something takes a course (=develops in a particular way) He felt that events were taking the wrong course.
▪something takes/runs its course (=develops in the usual or natural way) There was nothing we could do except watch the illness run its course.
▪change/alter the course of something The incident changed the course of the election.
▪influence/shape the course of something The result of this battle influenced the whole course of the war.
▪determine/decide the course of something Don’t let chance decide the course of your career.
■ phrases
▪in the normal/ordinary course of something His bravery was far more than was required in the normal course of duty.
▪the course of history/sb’s life etc Changing conditions shape the course of evolution.
■ types of meal
▪breakfast a meal that you eat in the morning
▪brunch a meal that you eat in the late morning, instead of breakfast or lunch
▪lunch a meal that you eat in the middle of the day
▪tea British English a meal that you eat in the afternoon or evening
▪dinner the main meal of the day, which most people eat in the evening
▪supper a small meal that you eat in the evening, in British English; the main meal that you eat in the evening, in American English
▪picnic a meal that you eat outdoors, consisting of food that you cooked or prepared earlier
▪barbecue a meal that you cook outdoors over hot coals or wood and eat outdoors
▪snack a small amount of food that is eaten between main meals or instead of a meal
▪side dish food eaten with the main course, such as vegetables: I’ll have the salad as a side dish.
▪course one of the separate parts of a meal, such as the starter or the dessert: a three-course meal
course2 verb
1. [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] literary if a liquid or electricity courses somewhere, it flows there quickly:
Tears coursed down his cheeks.
2. [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] literary if a feeling courses through you, you feel it suddenly and strongly:
His smile sent waves of excitement coursing through her.
3. [intransitive and transitive] to chase rabbits with dogs as a sport
| I |
noun1. of course
a. used to show that what you are saying is expected or already known and so not surprising:
b. (also course informal) spoken used to say yes or to give permission politely:
c. (also course informal) spoken used to emphasize that what you are saying is true or correct:
well/but of course
2. of course not (also course not informal) spoken used to say very strongly that something is not true or correct:
3. EDUCATION [countable]
a. a series of lessons in a particular subject
SYN class American English:
course on/in
b. British English a period of study in a particular subject, especially at university
SYN program American English:
► Course is never followed by ‘of’. Do not say ‘a course of Business Studies’. Say ‘a course in Business Studies’.
4. TIME [singular] a period of time or process during which something happens
during/in/throughout/over the course of something
in the course of doing something
5. DEVELOPMENT [singular] the usual or natural way that something changes, develops, or is done
course of
in the normal/natural/ordinary course of events
take/run its course (=develop in the usual way and reach a natural end)
6. PLANS [singular, uncountable] the general plans someone has to achieve something or the general way something is happening:
7. ACTIONS [countable usually singular] an action or series of actions that you could take in order to deal with a particular situation:
take/decide on a course
8. DIRECTION [countable usually singular, uncountable] the planned direction taken by a boat or plane to reach a place:
on/off course (=going in the right or wrong direction)
9. on course likely to achieve something because you have already had some success
on course for
on course to do something
10. MEAL [countable] one of the separate parts of a meal
three-course/five-course etc meal
first/second/main etc course
11. SPORT [countable] an area of land or water where races are held, or an area of land designed for playing golf:
12. MEDICAL TREATMENT [countable] especially British English an amount of medicine or medical treatment that you have regularly for a specific period of time
course of injections/drugs/treatment etc
13. in (the) course of time after some or enough time has passed
SYN eventually:
14. RIVER [countable] the direction a river moves in:
15. WALL [countable] a layer of bricks, stone etc in a wall:
⇨ as a matter of course at matter1(20), ⇨ par for the course at par(3), ⇨ stay the course at stay1(7), ⇨ in due course at due1(4)
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► Do not say 'make a course'. Say do or take a course.
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verb1. [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] literary if a liquid or electricity courses somewhere, it flows there quickly:
2. [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] literary if a feeling courses through you, you feel it suddenly and strongly:
3. [intransitive and transitive] to chase rabbits with dogs as a sport
Learning 学习
acquire/get/lack (an) education/training/( (some) qualificationsBrE 获得／缺少教育／培训／资格 receive/provide sb with training/tuition得到／给某人提供培训／指导 develop/design/plan a curriculum/( course/especially
BrE ( program/syllabusNAmE 制订课程方案／教学大纲 give/go to/attend a class/lesson/lecture/seminar讲课；上课；举办／参加／出席研讨会 hold/run/conduct a class/seminar/workshop办班；举办研讨会／讲习班 sign up for/take a course/classes/lessons报名参加／修读课程
School 学校
go to/start preschool/kindergarten/nursery school上学前班／幼儿园／托儿所 be in the first, second, etc. ( grade/NAmE ( year (at school)especially
BrE 在读一年级、二年级等 study/take/drop history/chemistry/German, etc.修读／放弃修历史课／化学课／德语课等 ( BrE leave/finish/drop out of/ ( NAmE quit school离校；完成学业；辍学；退学 ( NAmE graduate high school/college高中／大学毕业
Problems at school 在学校遇到的问题
be the victim/target of bullying成为被欺负的受害者／对象 ( BrE play truant from/ ( both
BrE bunk off/skive off school (= not go to school when you should)逃学 ( both especially
NAmE skip/cut class/school逃课；逃学 ( BrE cheat in/( NAmE cheat on an exam/a test考试作弊 get/be given a detention (for doing sth)（因做了某事）被罚放学后留校 be expelled from/be suspended from school被学校开除／暂时停学
Work and exams 功课和考试
do your homework/( revision/a project on sthBrE 做家庭作业；复习功课；对…做专题研究 work on/write/do/submit an essay/a dissertation/a thesis/an assignment/( a paperNAmE 写／提交文章／学位论文／毕业论文／作业／论文 finish/complete your dissertation/thesis/studies/coursework完成学位论文／毕业论文／学业／课程作业 hand in/ ( NAmE turn in your homework/essay/assignment/paper提交家庭作业／文章／作业／论文 study/prepare/ ( BrE revise/ ( NAmE review/ ( NAmE cram for a test/an exam为应考而学习／准备／复习／临时死记硬背 take/ ( both
BrE do/sit a test/an exam参加考试 ( especially
BrE mark/ ( especially
NAmE grade homework/a test给作业／考试打分 ( BrE do well in/ ( NAmE do well on/ ( especially
NAmE ace a test/an exam在考试中取得好成绩 pass/fail/ ( especially
NAmE flunk a test/an exam/a class/a course/a subject测验／考试／课程／学科及格／不及格
University 大学
apply to/get into/go to/start college/( universityBrE 申请／上／开始上大学 leave/graduate from law school/college/( university (with a degree in computer science)BrE 离开／毕业于法学院；离开大学；大学毕业（取得计算机科学的学位） study for/take/ ( BrE do/complete a law degree/a degree in physics攻读／读完法学学位／物理学位课程 ( both
NAmE major/minor in biology/philosophy主修／辅修生物学／哲学 earn/receive/be awarded/get/have/hold a master's degree/a bachelor's degree/a PhD in economics获得／被授予／拿到／拥有经济学硕士学位／学士学位／博士学位
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In BrE course is used for a series of lessons or lectures on a particular subject.在英式英语中，course 指某学科的系列课程或讲座 ：◆ a physics course 物理课程 ◆ a course of ten lectures 有十次讲座的课程 In NAmE 美式英语说 ：◆ a physics course/program 物理课程 ◆ a program of ten lectures 有十次讲座的课程 In NAmE course is usually an individual unit that forms part of a longer period of study.在美式英语中，course 通常指较长学习阶段中的一个独立单元 ：◆ I have to take a physics course/class. 我得参加一个物理课程。 This is called a module in Britain, especially in a college or university.在英国，尤其是高等院校，这种独立单元叫 module。 In BrE course can also mean a period of study at a college or university.英式英语的 course 亦可指高等教育的一个阶段 ：◆ a two-year college course 两年的大学课程 In NAmE 美式英语说 ：◆ a two-year college program 两年的大学课程
Eating out 去餐馆吃饭
eat (lunch/dinner)/dine/meet at/in a restaurant在一家餐馆吃（午／晚）饭／进餐／碰面 go (out)/take sb (out) for lunch/dinner/a meal去／带某人去（外面）吃午饭／吃晚饭／用餐 have a meal with sb与某人一起吃饭 make/have a reservation (in/under the name of Yamada)（以山田的名字）预订座位 reserve/ ( especially
BrE book a table for six预订一张坐六人的桌子 ask for/request a table for two/a table by the window要一张两人桌／靠窗的桌子
In the restaurant 在餐馆
wait to be seated等待就座 show sb to their table把某人引到桌旁 sit in the corner/by the window/at the bar/at the counter坐在角落／窗边／吧台边／柜台边 hand sb/give sb the menu/wine list把菜单／酒水单递给某人 open/read/study/peruse the menu打开／看／仔细看菜单 the restaurant has a three-course set menu/a children's menu/an extensive wine list这餐馆有一个三道菜的套餐／儿童菜单／丰富的酒水单 taste/sample/try the wine品尝葡萄酒 the waiter takes your order服务生帮你点餐 order/choose/have the soup of the day/one of the specials/the house( speciality/BrE ( specialtyespecially
NAmE 点当日例汤／一道特色菜／餐馆特色菜 serve/finish the first course/the starter/the main course/dessert/coffee端上／吃完第一道菜／开胃菜／主菜／甜点；端上／喝完咖啡 complain about the food/the service/your meal抱怨食物／服务／饭菜不好 enjoy your meal享用饭菜
Paying 结账
pay/ask for ( the bill/especially
BrE ( the checkNAmE 付账；要求结账 pay for/treat sb to dinner/lunch/the meal付晚饭／午饭／饭钱；请某人吃晚饭／午饭／饭 service is (not) included 不含服务费 give sb/leave (sb) a tip给某人小费
Eating out 去餐馆吃饭
eat (lunch/dinner)/dine/meet at/in a restaurant在一家餐馆吃（午／晚）饭／进餐／碰面 go (out)/take sb (out) for lunch/dinner/a meal去／带某人去（外面）吃午饭／吃晚饭／用餐 have a meal with sb与某人一起吃饭 make/have a reservation (in/under the name of Yamada)（以山田的名字）预订座位 reserve/ ( especially
BrE book a table for six预订一张坐六人的桌子 ask for/request a table for two/a table by the window要一张两人桌／靠窗的桌子
In the restaurant 在餐馆
wait to be seated等待就座 show sb to their table把某人引到桌旁 sit in the corner/by the window/at the bar/at the counter坐在角落／窗边／吧台边／柜台边 hand sb/give sb the menu/wine list把菜单／酒水单递给某人 open/read/study/peruse the menu打开／看／仔细看菜单 the restaurant has a three-course set menu/a children's menu/an extensive wine list这餐馆有一个三道菜的套餐／儿童菜单／丰富的酒水单 taste/sample/try the wine品尝葡萄酒 the waiter takes your order服务生帮你点餐 order/choose/have the soup of the day/one of the specials/the house( speciality/BrE ( specialtyespecially
NAmE 点当日例汤／一道特色菜／餐馆特色菜 serve/finish the first course/the starter/the main course/dessert/coffee端上／吃完第一道菜／开胃菜／主菜／甜点；端上／喝完咖啡 complain about the food/the service/your meal抱怨食物／服务／饭菜不好 enjoy your meal享用饭菜
Paying 结账
pay/ask for ( the bill/especially
BrE ( the checkNAmE 付账；要求结账 pay for/treat sb to dinner/lunch/the meal付晚饭／午饭／饭钱；请某人吃晚饭／午饭／饭 service is (not) included 不含服务费 give sb/leave (sb) a tip给某人小费
Of course is often used to show that what you are saying is not surprising or is generally known or accepted. For this reason, and because it can be difficult to get the right intonation, you may not sound polite if you useof course orof course not when you answer a request for information or permission. It can be safer to use a different word or phrase.* of course 常用以表示所说的事不足为奇或理所当然。与此同时，由于可能不容易掌握恰当的语调，用 of course 或 of course not 回答询问或请求时可能显得不礼貌。因此，用其他词语或短语可能更稳妥。 ◆ 'Is this the right room for the English class?' 'Yes, it is.' “这是上英语课的教室吗？” “是的。” ◆ 'Of course.' or ： ◆ 'Of course it is.' ◆ 'Can I borrow your dictionary?' 'Certainly.' ( “我可以借用一下你的词典吗？” “当然可以。”（正式） ◆ 'Sure.' ( “当然可以。”（非正式） ◆ 'Do you mind if I borrow your dictionary?' 'Not at all.' “我借用一下你的词典行吗？” “没问题。” ◆ 'Go ahead.' ( “拿吧。”（非正式） If you say of course/of course not it may sound as though you think the answer to the question is obvious and that the person should not ask. In the same way,of course should not be used as a reply to a statement of fact or when someone expresses an opinion.如果用 of course/of course not 回答，听起来就好像是说答案太明显，用不着问。同样，of course 不宜用于回应别人对事实的陈述或意见的表达 ：◆ 'It's a lovely day.' 'It certainly is.'/'Yes it is.' “天气真好。” “确实真好。”／“是的，真好。” ◆ 'Of course it is.' ◆ 'I think you'll enjoy that play.' 'I'm sure I will.'/'Yes, it sounds really good.' “我想你会喜欢那出戏的。” “我肯定会的。”／“是的，这戏看来真棒。” ◆ 'Of course.'
Conceding a point and making a counter-argument 承认一个观点的正确性，并提出一个对立的观点
◆ While the film is undoubtedly too long, it isnevertheless an intriguing piece of cinema.虽然这部电影的确太长了，但它不失为一部有趣的影片。 ◆ It can be argued that the movie is too long. It isnonetheless an intriguing piece of cinema.可以认为这部电影太长了，但它不失为一部有趣的影片。 ◆ The film is undoubtedly too long. Still , it is an intriguing piece of cinema.这部电影的确太长了，但它仍不失为一部有趣的影片。 ◆ Of course , huge chunks of the book have been sacrificed in order to make a two-hour movie,but it isnevertheless a successful piece of storytelling.当然，为了制作一部两小时的电影，该书中的大部分内容都被舍弃了，不过它仍不失为一部成功的故事片。 ◆ Critics are wrong to argue that the film's plot is too complicated. Certainly there are a couple of major twists,but audiences will have no difficulty following them.批评家认为这部电影的情节过于复杂，这种观点是不恰当的。影片中确实有几次大的情节变化，但观众还是不难看懂的。 ◆ It is true that you cannot make a good movie without a good script,but it is equally true that a talented director can make a good script into an excellent film.的确，没有好的剧本不可能拍出好的电影，但有天赋的导演能将较好的剧本制作成非常好的电影，这一点也是没有疑问的。 ◆ It remains to be seen whether these two movies herald a new era of westerns,but there is no doubt that they represent welcome additions to the genre.这两部电影是否预示着西部片新时代的来临还有待观察。但是毫无疑问，它们作为这一电影类型的新作而受到欢迎。