data
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++da·ta /ˈdeɪtə, ˈdɑːtə/ ●●● S1 W1 AWL noun 1 [plural, uncountable]INFORMATION information or facts 资料，数据 The research involves collecting data from two random samples. 该项研究需要从两个随机样本里收集资料。data on data on pesticide use 有关杀虫剂使用的资料experimental/historical/statistical etc data detailed research data 详细的研究数据5 GRAMMAR 语法• After data, you can use a singular verb or, in formal or technical English, a plural verb. data 之后可以使用动词的单数形式,在正式或科技英语中可使用动词的复数形式The data is collected by trained interviewers.数据由受过训练的采访人员收集。These data are summarized in Table 5.对这些数据的概述见表五。 ►n GRAMMAR: Singular or plural verb?• In everyday English, data is usually followed by a singular verb: The data is collected by trained interviewers. 数据由受过训练的采访人员收集。• In academic or very formal English, a plural verb is used: These data are summarized in Table 5. 对这些数据的概述见表五。• When talking about one fact or piece of information, you say a piece of data: This is a useful piece of data. ✗Don’t say: datas2 [uncountable]TDINFORMATION information in a form that can be stored and used, especially on a computer 〔能储存、使用的〕资料，〔尤指计算机中的〕数据 It’s possible to store a lot more data on a DVD. 在DVD上可以存储更多的信息。data storage/transfer/retrieval 数据存储/传输/检索n COLLOCATIONSADJECTIVES/NOUN + data accurateIt’s important to ensure that the data we collect is accurate.reliableSome of the data isn’t very reliable.factual dataIt’s difficult to collect factual data on these insects.historical/financial/scientific etc dataMy research involves analyzing the historical data.statistical data (=based on statistics)It is difficult to compare statistical data from different countries.empirical data (=based on tests or experience, not on ideas)The theory is supported by empirical data.experimental data (=resulting from experiments)the analysis of experimental datasurvey/census data (=produced in a survey or census)Survey data show that people’s participation in sports rises with their level of income.raw data (=data that has been collected, but not organized or studied)This system does no more than produce the raw data.computer data (=kept on a computer)Digital cameras transfer pictures and sound into computer data.electronic data (=kept in an electronic form)new ways of storing electronic dataverbscollect dataThe survey data has been collected over the last three decades.store dataThe data is stored on a computer in our central office.process data (=store and organize it using computers)Newer computers can process data much more quickly.analyze dataThe researchers then began analyzing the data.data shows somethingThe data shows that suicide rates among young men have increased over the last twenty years.data indicates/suggests somethingOur data indicates that weather patterns are likely to get more extreme.data + NOUNa data base/data bank (=a large amount of data stored in a computer system)We can compare insurance prices from different companies on the database.data collectionChoosing the right method of data collection will be crucial to the experiment’s success.data processing (=using computers to store and organize information)They’ve got a very efficient system for data processing.data analysisComputers are increasingly used for data analysis.phrasesa set of data (=one group of data)The three sets of data produced strikingly different results.a piece/item of dataEvery single piece of data is important.a body of data (=a large amount of data)There is an enormous body of data in support of the theory.
Examples from the Corpus
data• Suppose we wish to send binary data along a telephone line.• It was recognised that several sources might have to be approached in order to obtain comprehensive data on this subject. 4.• He has to trawl through vast amounts of economic data.• Trade was also cautious ahead of today's economic data, notably December retail sales and producer prices.• This computer can store as much data as many larger models.• The spacecraft has sent back new data about Jupiter's atmosphere.• As a result a good model of the system may be obtained from a much smaller corpus of data.• A direct reading from graphical or tabular data is usually carried out successfully by a high proportion of low attainers.• They emerged as I began thinking about and writing about the data I collected.• All the data shows that these animals are more adaptable than we thought.experimental/historical/statistical etc data• Neural nets can learn rule structures and patterns on their own from historical data or through experience.• The collection of historical data on natural hazards is important since it is clear that their spatial pattern varies through time.• Preparing both training and test input files will not depend on historical data sets, which are usually controlled by some one else.• Is the standard unified model the only possible explanation of the experimental data it so well describes?• Customarily we randomly select 20 to 30 percent of the historical data and put it aside prior to constructing the training set.• What is particularly interesting from the historical viewpoint is the manner in which refinement of the statistical data has altered the record.• This is the way we receive the historical data sheets.• The statistical data is not sufficiently large to enable satisfactory significance tests to be performed.data storage/transfer/retrieval• The agreement with Intel provides for the integration of telephony, video and data transfer applications.• Data General reported strong sales of its CLARiiON data storage systems.• Accurate, efficient data transfer with rapid notification of key partners and constituents is critical to effectively addressing emerging infectious disease threats.• This means adding just a little expanded memory produces a large percentage increase in the amount of memory available for data storage.• If it proves as successful as its developer, Ramtron, claims, it could replace all other types of data storage.• That accounts for the particularly speedy data transfer and seek times you can see in the benchmarks box.• First, the use structure of information became even more detached from the data storage structure of that information.• The answer can also be obtained by access to the index without recourse to the data storage area.From Longman Business Dictionarydatada‧ta /ˈdeɪtə, ˈdɑːtə/ noun [plural, uncountable]1STATISTICSinformation or facts about a particular subject that someone has collectedWe cannot tell you the results until we have looked at all the data.2COMPUTINGinformation in a form that can be stored and used, especially on a computera new data retrieval systemOrigin data (1600-1700) Plural of datum “fact, piece of information” ((17-21 centuries)), from Latin, past participle of dare “to give”da·ta noun →5 GRAMMAR1 →n GRAMMAR2
→n COLLOCATIONS1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
→n COLLOCATIONS1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
Corpus information facts or Business
data
da‧ta S1 W1 AC /ˈdeɪtə, ˈdɑːtə/
noun
The research involves collecting data from two random samples.
data on
data on pesticide use
experimental/historical/statistical etc data
detailed research data
GRAMMAR
After data, you can use a singular verb or, in formal or technical English, a plural verb:
▪The data is collected by trained interviewers.
▪These data are summarized in Table 5.
► Do not say 'datas’ or 'a data'.
2. [uncountable] information in a form that can be stored and used, especially on a computer:
It’s possible to store a lot more data on a DVD.
data storage/transfer/retrieval
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + data
▪accurate It’s important to ensure that the data we collect is accurate.
▪reliable Some of the data isn’t very reliable.
▪factual data It’s difficult to collect factual data on these insects.
▪historical/financial/scientific etc data My research involves analyzing the historical data.
▪statistical data (=based on statistics) It is difficult to compare statistical data from different countries.
▪empirical data (=based on tests or experience, not on ideas) The theory is supported by empirical data.
▪experimental data (=resulting from experiments) the analysis of experimental data
▪survey/census data (=produced in a survey or census) Survey data show that people’s participation in sports rises with their level of income.
▪raw data (=data that has been collected, but not organized or studied) This system does no more than produce the raw data.
▪computer data (=kept on a computer) Digital cameras transfer pictures and sound into computer data.
▪electronic data (=kept in an electronic form) new ways of storing electronic data
■ verbs
▪collect data The survey data has been collected over the last three decades.
▪store data The data is stored on a computer in our central office.
▪process data (=store and organize it using computers) Newer computers can process data much more quickly.
▪analyze data The researchers then began analyzing the data.
▪data shows something The data shows that suicide rates among young men have increased over the last twenty years.
▪data indicates/suggests something Our data indicates that weather patterns are likely to get more extreme.
■ data + NOUN
▪a data base/data bank (=a large amount of data stored in a computer system) We can compare insurance prices from different companies on the database.
▪data collection Choosing the right method of data collection will be crucial to the experiment’s success.
▪data processing (=using computers to store and organize information) They’ve got a very efficient system for data processing.
▪data analysis Computers are increasingly used for data analysis.
■ phrases
▪a set of data (=one group of data) The three sets of data produced strikingly different results.
▪a piece/item of data Every single piece of data is important.
▪a body of data (=a large amount of data) There is an enormous body of data in support of the theory.
da‧ta S1 W1 AC /ˈdeɪtə, ˈdɑːtə/
noun Date: 1600-1700
Origin: Plural of datum 'fact, piece of information' (17-21 centuries), from Latin, past participle of dare 'to give'
1. [plural,uncountable] information or facts:Origin: Plural of datum 'fact, piece of information' (17-21 centuries), from Latin, past participle of dare 'to give'
data on
experimental/historical/statistical etc data
GRAMMAR
After data, you can use a singular verb or, in formal or technical English, a plural verb:
▪
▪
► Do not say 'datas’ or 'a data'.
2. [uncountable] information in a form that can be stored and used, especially on a computer:
data storage/transfer/retrieval
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also
also
Theory 理论
formulate/advance a theory/hypothesis创立理论；提出假设 build/construct/create/develop a simple/theoretical/mathematical model创立一个简单／理论／数学模型 develop/establish/provide/use a theoretical/conceptual framework创立／建立／提供／使用理论／概念框架 advance/argue/develop the thesis that…提出／论证／详尽阐述…的论题 explore an idea/a concept/a hypothesis探讨一个想法／概念／假设 make a prediction/an inference预测；推断 base a prediction/your calculations on sth基于…做出预测／估算 investigate/evaluate/accept/challenge/reject a theory/hypothesis/model研究／评估／接受／质疑／拒绝接受一个理论／假设／模型
Experiment 实验
design an experiment/a questionnaire/a study/a test设计一项实验／问卷／研究／测试 do research/an experiment/an analysis做研究／实验／分析 make observations/measurements/calculations观察；测量；计算 carry out/conduct/perform an experiment/a test/a longitudinal study/observations/clinical trials进行实验／测试／纵向研究／观察／临床试验 run an experiment/a simulation/clinical trials进行实验／模拟／临床试验 repeat an experiment/a test/an analysis重做实验／测试／分析 replicate a study/the results/the findings做相同的研究；得出同样的结果／调查结果 observe/study/examine/investigate/assess a pattern/a process/a behaviour/( a behaviorespecially
观察／研究／审查／调查／评估一种模式／一个过程／一种行为 fund/support the research/project/study资助／支持研究／项目／专题研究 seek/provide/get/secure funding for research寻求／提供／得到／争取到研究资金
Results 结果
collect/gather/extract data/information收集／提取数据／信息 yield data/evidence/similar findings/the same results得到数据／证据／类似调查结果／相同结果 analyse/examine the data/soil samples/a specimen分析／考查数据／土壤样本／样本 consider/compare/interpret the results/findings思考／比较／解释结果／调查结果 fit the data/model与数据／模型相符合 confirm/support/verify a prediction/a hypothesis/the results/the findings证实／支持／核实预测／假设／结果／调查结果 prove a conjecture/hypothesis/theorem证明猜测／假设／定理 draw/make/reach the same conclusions得出同样的结论 read/review the records/literature阅读／评论记录／文献 describe/report an experiment/a study描述／报告一项实验／研究 present/publish/summarize the results/findings提交／公布／总结结果／调查结果 present/publish/read/review/cite a paper in a scientific journal向科学杂志提交一篇论文；在科学杂志发表一篇论文；阅读／评论／引用科学杂志上的一篇论文