discrimination
Word family
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++di·scrim·i·na·tion /dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən/ ●●○ noun [uncountable] 1 SARUNFAIRthe practice of treating one person or group differently from another in an unfair way 歧视 laws to prevent discrimination 防止歧视的法律discrimination against widespread discrimination against older people in the job market 就业市场上普遍存在的对年长求职者的歧视discrimination in favour of discrimination in favour of university graduates 对大学毕业生的优待racial/sex/religious etc discrimination (=treating someone unfairly because of their race, sex etc) 种族/性别/宗教信仰等歧视 → positive discrimination, reverse discrimination► see thesaurus at prejudice2 DECIDEthe ability to recognize the difference between two or more things, especially the difference in their quality 鉴别力，识别力，鉴赏力 shape discrimination 形状识别力n COLLOCATIONSADJECTIVES/NOUN + discriminationracial/race discriminationLaws have been passed banning racial discrimination.sex/sexual discrimination (also gender discrimination formal)She claimed she’d been the victim of sex discrimination.age discriminationAge discrimination disadvantages older workers.religious discriminationThere must be an end to religious discrimination.job/employment discrimination (=not giving someone a job because of their race, sex etc)Progress has been made in eliminating job discrimination.workplace discrimination (=at the place where people work)The new law aims to bring an end to workplace discrimination.unlawful discrimination (=not allowed by law)The European Court of Justice decided that she had been the subject of unlawful discrimination.verbsexperience/face discriminationGovernment figures suggest that ethnic minorities face discrimination looking for jobs.end/outlaw discriminationThe purpose of the law is to end discrimination in the workplace.phrasesa victim of discrimination (=someone who has experienced discrimination)Victims of discrimination have the right to make a complaint.discrimination on the grounds/basis of somethingDiscrimination on the grounds of nationality is prohibited.Examples from the Corpus
discrimination• In the past few weeks the government has once again blocked an attempt to give disabled people legal protection against discrimination.• The most common victims of age discrimination are employees in their mid-50s.• He believed his boss had violated the age discrimination law.• Immigrants faced harassment and discrimination, and were paid considerably less than their white colleagues.• In 1974 IBM became the first American company to bar discrimination against gay workers.• The result continues to be discrimination.• The Department was notorious for its blatant discrimination against non-U.S. citizen employees.• No legal framework prevails to enable disabled people to counteract discrimination, unfair employment practices, problems of access, etc.• Federal law forbids discrimination on the basis of race, sex, or color.• It did not outlaw indirect discrimination and indeed the concept of indirect discrimination did not appear in the legislation.• The policy forbids any form of discrimination against gay and lesbian students.• Political repression and racial discrimination were at a high point.• The company was found guilty of racial discrimination, and was ordered to renew Ms. Jayalalitha's employment contract.• a plan to tackle racial discrimination in the police force• racial discrimination• They managed to reform American law, and ban racial and religious discrimination in housing, schools, and the workplace.• White-male fears of reverse discrimination have been widely exaggerated.• a sex discrimination case• Many women still face sex discrimination in the military.• The truth is that social discrimination continues, somewhat attenuated in the North, but hardly at all attenuated in the South.• Laws have got to be tougher to stop discrimination against the disabled.• But unfair discrimination can keep women from the opportunity to become a boss.racial/sex/religious etc discrimination• Co. have sued the securities firm for alleged racial discrimination over an electronic mailing they said contained racist jokes.• Brown demonstrated that courageous leadership can make a difference in ending racial discrimination, perhaps more so than bureaucratic bean-counting exercises.• Boer nationalism merely erected a massive legislative panoply for racial discrimination.• With the increase came growing racial discrimination and unrest between blacks and whites.• New Hanover executives have denied requests for comment on the charges of racial discrimination.From Longman Business Dictionarydiscriminationdi‧scrim‧i‧na‧tion /dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən/ noun [uncountable]1ECONOMICS the process of treating one market, country, type of product etc differently from anotherthe discrimination in favour of imported wine when it comes to excise duty2HUMAN RESOURCESLAWwhen a worker in a company is treated unfairly because of their race, sex, age etc, especially by not being considered for a job. This is illegal in many countriesThe survey showed that there was unofficial discrimination against women in the engineering industry.The Bill prohibits employment discrimination against qualified disabled persons on the grounds of their disability. → age discrimination → genetic discrimination → positive discrimination → race discrimination → sex discriminationdi·scrim·i·na·tion noun →n COLLOCATIONS1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
differently the from practice one treating Corpus of group or Business person
discrimination
di‧scrim‧i‧na‧tion /dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən, dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃən/
noun [uncountable]1. the practice of treating one person or group differently from another in an unfair way:
laws to prevent discrimination
discrimination against
widespread discrimination against older people in the job market
discrimination in favour of
discrimination in favour of university graduates
racial/sex/religious etc discrimination (=treating someone unfairly because of their race, sex etc) ⇨ positive discrimination, reverse discrimination
2. the ability to recognize the difference between two or more things, especially the difference in their quality:
shape discrimination
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + discrimination
▪racial/race discrimination Laws have been passed banning racial discrimination.
▪sex/sexual discrimination (also gender discrimination formal) She claimed she’d been the victim of sex discrimination.
▪age discrimination Age discrimination disadvantages older workers.
▪religious discrimination There must be an end to religious discrimination.
▪job/employment discrimination (=not giving someone a job because of their race, sex etc) Progress has been made in eliminating job discrimination.
▪workplace discrimination (=at the place where people work) The new law aims to bring an end to workplace discrimination.
▪unlawful discrimination (=not allowed by law) The European Court of Justice decided that she had been the subject of unlawful discrimination.
■ verbs
▪experience/face discrimination Government figures suggest that ethnic minorities face discrimination looking for jobs.
▪end/outlaw discrimination The purpose of the law is to end discrimination in the workplace.
■ phrases
▪a victim of discrimination (=someone who has experienced discrimination) Victims of discrimination have the right to make a complaint.
▪discrimination on the grounds/basis of something Discrimination on the grounds of nationality is prohibited.
▪ prejudice an unreasonable dislike and distrust of people who are different from you in some way, especially because of their race, sex, religion etc: racial prejudice | prejudice against women
▪discrimination the practice of treating one group of people differently from another in an unfair way: There is widespread discrimination against older people. | the laws on sex discrimination
▪intolerance an unreasonable refusal to accept beliefs, customs, and ways of thinking that are different from your own: religious intolerance | There is an atmosphere of intolerance in the media.
▪bigotry a completely unreasonable hatred for people of a different race, religion etc, based on strong and fixed opinions: religious bigotry | the bigotry directed at Jews and other ethnic groups
▪racism/racial prejudice unfair treatment of people because they belong to a different race: Many black people have been the victims of racism in Britain. | Some immigrant groups faced racism, for example Jews and Italians, while others, such as Scandinavians, did not.
▪sexism the belief that one sex, especially women, is weaker, less intelligent etc than the other, especially when this results in someone being treated unfairly: sexism in language | She accused him of sexism.
▪ageism (also agism American English) unfair treatment of people because they are old: The new law aims to stop ageism in the workplace.
▪homophobia prejudice towards or hatred of gay people: homophobia in the armed forces
▪xenophobia /ˌzenəˈfəʊbiə $ -ˈfoʊ-/ hatred and fear of foreigners: the xenophobia of the right-wing press
▪anti-Semitism a strong feeling of hatred toward Jewish people: Is anti-Semitism on the increase?
▪Islamophobia hatred and fear of Muslims: the rise of Islamophobia and right-wing extremism in Europe
▪gay/union/America etc bashing unfair public criticism of gay people, union members, the American government etc: The minister was accused of union bashing. | There's so much America-bashing in the liberal press.
di‧scrim‧i‧na‧tion /dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən, dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃən/
noun [uncountable]1. the practice of treating one person or group differently from another in an unfair way: discrimination against
discrimination in favour of
racial/sex/religious etc discrimination (=treating someone unfairly because of their race, sex etc) ⇨ positive discrimination, reverse discrimination
2. the ability to recognize the difference between two or more things, especially the difference in their quality:
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Prejudice and racism 偏见与种族歧视
experience/encounter racism/discrimination/prejudice/anti-semitism经历／遭遇种族歧视／歧视／偏见／反犹太主义 face/suffer persecution/discrimination面临／遭受迫害／歧视 fear/escape from/flee racial/political/religious persecution惧怕／逃离种族／政治／宗教迫害 constitute/be a form of racial/race discrimination构成／是一种种族歧视 reflect/reveal/show/have a racial/cultural bias反映出／揭示出／表现出／具有种族／文化偏见 be biased/be prejudiced against ( black people/especially
BrE ( people of color/African Americans/Asians/Africans/Indians, etc.both especially
NAmE 对黑人／有色人种／非裔美国人／亚洲人／非洲人／印度人等有偏见 discriminate against minority groups/minorities歧视少数群体／少数民族 perpetuate/conform to/fit/defy a common/popular/traditional/negative stereotype固守／遵从／符合／藐视普遍的／流行的／传统的／负面的模式化观念 overcome/be blinded by deep-seated/racial/( race prejudiceespecially
NAmE 克服根深蒂固的／种族的偏见；被根深蒂固的／种族的偏见所蒙蔽 entrench/perpetuate racist attitudes固守种族主义的态度 hurl/shout ( racist abuse;especially
BrE ( a racist/racial/ethnic slurespecially
NAmE 高声地进行种族污辱 challenge/confront racism/discrimination/prejudice拒绝接受／对抗种族主义／歧视／偏见 combat/fight (against)/tackle blatant/overt/covert/subtle/institutional/systemic racism打压／反对／处理公然的／公开的／隐蔽的／微妙的／制度性的种族歧视
Race and society 种族和社会
damage/improve ( race relationsespecially
BrE 破坏／改善种族关系 practise/ ( especially
practice (racial/religious) tolerance/segregation实行（种族／宗教）容忍／隔离政策 bridge/break down/transcend cultural/racial barriers消除／打破／超越文化／种族隔阂 encourage/promote social integration鼓励／促进社会融合 outlaw/end discrimination/slavery/segregation取缔／终止歧视／奴隶制／种族隔离 promote/embrace/celebrate cultural diversity促进／欣然接纳／颂扬文化多样性 conform to/challenge/violate (accepted/established/prevailing/dominant) social/cultural norms遵循／挑战／违背（公认的／确立的／盛行的／占支配地位的）社会／文化规范 live in a multicultural society生活在多元文化社会 attack/criticize multiculturalism攻击／批评多元文化主义 fight for/struggle for/promote racial equality为种族平等而斗争；促进种族平等 perpetuate/reinforce economic and social inequality延续／加剧经济和社会的不平等 introduce/be for/be against ( positive discrimination/BrE ( affirmative actionespecially
NAmE 推行／支持／反对积极性区别对待政策 support/be active in/play a leading role in the civil rights movement支持／积极参与／领导民权运动
Immigration 移居
control/restrict/limit/encourage immigration控制／限制／鼓励外来移民 attract/draw a wave of immigrants吸引一批外来移民 assist/welcome refugees援助／欣然接受难民 house/shelter refugees and asylum seekers安置／庇护难民和寻求政治避难者 smuggle illegal immigrants into the UK偷运非法移民到英国 deport/repatriate illegal immigrants/failed asylum seekers驱逐／遣返非法移民／寻求政治避难失败者 assimilate/integrate new immigrants同化／融合新移民 employ/hire migrant workers雇用流动工人 exploit/rely on (cheap/illegal) immigrant labour/( laborespecially
剥削／依赖（廉价的／非法的）移民劳动力 apply for/gain/obtain/be granted/be denied (full) citizenship申请／获得／准予／未准予（完全的）公民身份 have/hold dual citizenship持有双重国籍