duty
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++du·ty /ˈdjuːti $ ˈduː-/ ●●● S2 W1 noun (plural duties) 1 STH you must do 应做的事情 [countable, uncountable]SHOULD/OUGHT TO something that you have to do because it is morally or legally right 〔道德或法律上的〕义务，责任 SYN obligation I promise I will do my duty. 我保证会尽到我的责任。 We feel it is our duty to help her. 我们感到帮助她是我们的责任。 Local authorities have a duty to keep the streets clean. 地方当局有责任保持街道整洁。 You have a duty to your husband and to your children. 你对你丈夫和孩子负有责任。 She has a strong sense of moral duty. 她的道德责任感很强。 The unions have failed in their duty to female workers. 工会未能对女职工尽到责任。 In the traditional Hindu family, the son is duty-bound to look after his mother. 在传统的印度家庭里，儿子负有照顾母亲的责任。2 work 工作JOB/TASK [countable usually plural, uncountable] something you have to do as part of your job 〔工作〕职责，义务duties Martin’s duties included cleaning the cars. 马丁的职责包括清洗汽车。 She works for her father doing part-time secretarial duties. 她为她父亲做兼职的秘书工作。 He will soon be fit enough to carry out his duties (=do his job). 他很快就能康复起来重新工作。 He can only do light duties. 他只能干点轻活。 When Juliet reported for duty (=arrived and said she was ready to start work) she was sent to check on a new patient. 朱丽叶报到上班后被派去检查一名新病人。 A teacher may be fired for neglect of duty (=failing to do their job properly). 教师会因失职被开除。 He did three tours of duty in Vietnam (=three periods working in a foreign country as a soldier, government officer etc). 他曾三次在越南服役。3 be on/off duty to be working or not working at a particular time, especially when you are doing a job which people take turns to do, so that someone is always doing it 值班[值勤]/下班[不值勤] He’s on night duty. 他在值夜班。 Mary goes on duty (=starts working) tonight at half past ten. 玛丽今晚10点半上班。 What time do you go off duty (=finish work)? 你什么时候下班？4 tax 税 [countable, uncountable]PET a tax you pay on something you buy 〔购物缴纳的〕税duty on the duty on cigarettes 香烟税customs duty (=tax paid on goods coming into the country) 关税 → death duties, stamp duty5 do duty as something USE somethingto be used as something 用以充当[代替]某物 SYN serve as something The living room also does duty as a home office. 起居室也用作家庭办公室。 → double duty, heavy-duty, → jury duty at jury service, → on active duty at active servicen COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 1: something that you have to do because it is morally or legally rightverbshave a duty to do somethingParents have a duty to make sure that their children receive an education.do your dutyI felt I had done my duty by voting.fulfil your duty British English, fulfill your duty American English formal (=do what is needed)The school has failed to fulfil its legal duty towards students.have/owe a duty to somebodyA tenant owes a duty to the landlord to keep the house in reasonable condition.fail in your duty (=not do something that you should do)I would be failing in my duty if I didn't warn you of the dangers.adjectivesa moral dutyShe felt it was her moral duty to treat everyone equally.a legal dutyEmployers have a legal duty to ensure the safety of their workforce.a statutory duty (=required by law)Local authorities have a statutory duty to ensure that parks are clean.a public duty (=relating to the people of a country)The media has a public duty to report the truth.a civic duty (=done because you live in a place)It is your civic duty to vote.phrasesa sense of dutyHe was caring for his parents out of a sense of duty rather than love.be duty-bound to do something formal (=have a duty to do something)Soldiers are here to do a job and are duty-bound to complete it.n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 2: something you have to do as part of your jobverbscarry out your duties (also perform/discharge your duties formal) (=do your job)She has always carried out her duties efficiently.take up your duties (=start doing a new job)Neale has agreed a three-year contract and takes up his duties on March 1.resume your duties (=start doing your job again)She hopes to be well enough to resume her duties next week.report for duty (=arrive and be ready to start work)You must report for duty at 8:30 tomorrow morning.neglect/shirk your duties (=not do your job properly)No soldier can be allowed to neglect his duties.ADJECTIVES/NOUN + duty official dutiesThe new president will take up his official duties next month.presidential/royal/ministerial etc duties (=duties that go with being a president, member of a royal family, a minister etc)The prince is now old enough to carry out royal duties.household/domestic duties (=jobs you have to do around the house)My husband and I share most of the household duties.light duties (=not involving hard physical work)He'd been wounded, sent home and put on light duties.guard duty (=job of guarding a place)There were two soldiers on guard duty outside the embassy.phrasesneglect of duty (=failing to do your job properly)Six police officers were fired for neglect of duty.a tour of duty (=period of working in another country as a soldier, government officer etc)He became a General, and his tours of duty included Korea and Vietnam.beyond the call of duty (=more than you have to do as part of your job)She's a doctor who has gone beyond the call of duty in her care for her patients.in the course of duty (=while doing your job, especially for your country)Stewart received a medal for outstanding bravery in the course of duty.
Examples from the Corpus
duty• Teachers have a duty to ensure that students are not injured whilst they are in their care.• You have to pay a duty on the value of goods worth over $500 that you bring into the country.• For the most part, there was not much to do, other than cleanup duty around the prison camp.• The customs duty on luxury cars went up last month.• As he got nearer to No. 22 he decided that Mrs Brocklebank had been neglecting her duties here as well.• She didn't want to be the one to do that although she knew it was her duty.• However, unconsciously I must have been riddled with remorse for so neglecting my duties.• Conversely, those to whom citizens accord deference have been characterized by having an in-bred sense of duty.• He recently completed a tour of duty in Seoul as assistant to the US ambassador there.• Part of a park ranger's official duties is to ensure public safety.• He became a navy pilot, fought his way back on duty.• So David had been on duty this morning, had he?• This proves expensive for the police, who receive no subsidy from soccer sources for officers on duty outside the stadium.• And now I have a very pleasant duty to perform. I am going to present the prizes to the winning competitors.• Most of them mix their part time police duties with a full day's work.• clerical and secretarial duties• Your duties will also include answering the phone and typing letters.have a duty to• Under recently passed statutes, teachers now also have a duty to report child abuse and neglect.• Murphy said fund directors have a duty to maximize the retirement income of city employees.• I know now that I have a duty to look after myself, for no one else will bother.• I have a duty to point out where people go wrong.• I have a duty to support just governments in foreign countries, even though they have no legitimate power over me.• The court said that schools do not have a duty to supervise the grounds at all times.• Senior officials have a duty to protect junior officials and to set standards for those lower down.• So too do teachers have a duty to teach, and parents a duty to protect children from a debased cultural environment.tours of duty• Prior to Feakle, army battalions were able to spend only five months outside Northern Ireland between tours of duty.• The major had been there on two separate tours of duty.customs duty• While all customs duties accrued to the federal government, it received only about one-third of total sales tax revenue in 1985.• Their dispute there hinged on the right to collect customs duties, a matter left unclear in the Fontainebleau agreement.• Moving on, Doumer increased his revenues by funneling customs duties and direct taxes into his central treasury.• More dramatic still was the rise in customs duties.• It also announced that it was reducing customs duty on sales from such zones to the domestic market.• In particular, major tax breaks are planned, including removing customs duties on transport of works of art for exchange exhibitions.• Last month the customs duty was raised on luxury cars.• Mary restored the value of the customs duties.• At that time, all Andean Pact countries are expected to adopt zero customs duties on all imports from other members.From Longman Business Dictionarydutydu‧ty /ˈdjuːtiˈduː-/ noun (plural duties)1[countable usually plural] something that you have to do as part of your jobThomas J Hutchison was named chief executive officer, adding to his duties as president and chief operating officer. → see also breach of duty2[countable, uncountable]TAX a tax you pay on something you buy, import etcDemocrats want these imported vans classified as trucks and hit with a 25% duty.Duty is levied (=charged) on every bottle of wine brought into the country. → ad valorem duty → countervailing duty → customs duty → death duties → discriminating duty → estate duty → excise duty → export duty → import duty → specific duty → stamp dutyOrigin duty (1200-1300) Anglo-French dueté, from Old French deu; → DUE1du·ty noun →n COLLOCATIONS1 →n COLLOCATIONS2LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
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duty
du‧ty S2 W1 /ˈdjuːti $ ˈduː-/
noun (plural duties)1. SOMETHING YOU MUST DO [uncountable and countable] something that you have to do because it is morally or legally right
SYN obligation:
I promise I will do my duty.
We feel it is our duty to help her.
Local authorities have a duty to keep the streets clean.
You have a duty to your husband and to your children.
She has a strong sense of moral duty.
The unions have failed in their duty to female workers.
In the traditional Hindu family, the son is duty-bound to look after his mother.
2. WORK [countable usually plural, uncountable] something you have to do as part of your job
duties
Martin’s duties included cleaning the cars.
She works for her father doing part-time secretarial duties.
He will soon be fit enough to carry out his duties (=do his job).
He can only do light duties.
When Juliet reported for duty (=arrived and said she was ready to start work) she was sent to check on a new patient.
A teacher may be fired for neglect of duty (=failing to do their job properly).
He did three tours of duty in Vietnam (=three periods working in a foreign country as a soldier, government officer etc).
3. be on/off duty to be working or not working at a particular time, especially when you are doing a job which people take turns to do, so that someone is always doing it:
He’s on night duty.
Mary goes on duty (=starts working) tonight at half past ten.
What time do you go off duty (=finish work)?
4. TAX [uncountable and countable] a tax you pay on something you buy
duty on
the duty on cigarettes
customs duty (=tax paid on goods coming into the country) ⇨ death duties, stamp duty
5. do duty as something to be used as something
SYN serve as something:
The living room also does duty as a home office.
⇨ double duty, heavy-duty, ⇨ jury duty at jury service, ⇨ on active duty at active service
■ verbs
▪have a duty to do something Parents have a duty to make sure that their children receive an education.
▪do your duty I felt I had done my duty by voting.
▪fulfil your duty British English, fulfill your duty American English formal (=do what is needed) The school has failed to fulfil its legal duty towards students.
▪have/owe a duty to somebody A tenant owes a duty to the landlord to keep the house in reasonable condition.
▪fail in your duty (=not do something that you should do) I would be failing in my duty if I didn't warn you of the dangers.
■ adjectives
▪a moral duty She felt it was her moral duty to treat everyone equally.
▪a legal duty Employers have a legal duty to ensure the safety of their workforce.
▪a statutory duty (=required by law) Local authorities have a statutory duty to ensure that parks are clean.
▪a public duty (=relating to the people of a country) The media has a public duty to report the truth.
▪a civic duty (=done because you live in a place) It is your civic duty to vote.
■ phrases
▪a sense of duty He was caring for his parents out of a sense of duty rather than love.
▪be duty-bound to do something formal (=have a duty to do something) Soldiers are here to do a job and are duty-bound to complete it.
■ verbs
▪carry out your duties (also perform/discharge your duties formal) (=do your job) She has always carried out her duties efficiently.
▪take up your duties (=start doing a new job) Neale has agreed a three-year contract and takes up his duties on March 1.
▪resume your duties (=start doing your job again) She hopes to be well enough to resume her duties next week.
▪report for duty (=arrive and be ready to start work) You must report for duty at 8:30 tomorrow morning.
▪neglect/shirk your duties (=not do your job properly) No soldier can be allowed to neglect his duties.
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + duty
▪official duties The new President will take up his official duties next month.
▪presidential/royal/ministerial etc duties (=duties that go with being a president, member of a royal family, a minister etc) The prince is now old enough to carry out royal duties.
▪household/domestic duties (=jobs you have to do around the house) My husband and I share most of the household duties.
▪light duties (=not involving hard physical work) He'd been wounded, sent home and put on light duties.
▪guard duty (=job of guarding a place) There were two soldiers on guard duty outside the embassy.
■ phrases
▪neglect of duty (=failing to do your job properly) Six police officers were fired for neglect of duty.
▪a tour of duty (=period of working in another country as a soldier, government officer etc) He became a General, and his tours of duty included Korea and Vietnam.
▪beyond the call of duty (=more than you have to do as part of your job) She's a doctor who has gone beyond the call of duty in her care for her patients.
▪in the course of duty (=while doing your job, especially for your country) Stewart received a medal for outstanding bravery in the course of duty.
▪ tax money that you must pay to the government, especially from the money you earn, or as an additional payment when you buy something: How much income tax do you pay each month? | The Republicans promised to reduce taxes before the last election. | Consumers are angry that the tax on petrol has gone up yet again.
▪duty a tax you pay on something you buy: The budget also sharply raised the duty on alcohol and tobacco. | customs duty (=tax you pay on goods you buy and bring into the country)
▪tariff a tax on goods coming into a country or going out of a country, especially to protect a country’s industry from cheap goods from other countries: the import tariffs on hi-tech equipment | The government’s tariff and trade policies came under fierce attack.
▪levy an extra amount of money that you have to pay the government, usually as a tax, often in order to encourage people not to use or do something: A new levy on fuel inefficient vehicles has been proposed.
▪surcharge an amount of money that you have to pay in addition to the agreed or stated price of something: British Airways will increase its fuel surcharge on all airline tickets from June 3. | When you get cash at some machines, you have to pay an ATM surcharge.
du‧ty S2 W1 /ˈdjuːti $ ˈduː-/
noun (plural duties)1. SOMETHING YOU MUST DO [uncountable and countable] something that you have to do because it is morally or legally right SYN obligation:
2. WORK [countable usually plural, uncountable] something you have to do as part of your job
duties
3. be on/off duty to be working or not working at a particular time, especially when you are doing a job which people take turns to do, so that someone is always doing it:
4. TAX [uncountable and countable] a tax you pay on something you buy
duty on
customs duty (=tax paid on goods coming into the country) ⇨ death duties, stamp duty
5. do duty as something to be used as something
SYN serve as something:
⇨ double duty, heavy-duty, ⇨ jury duty at jury service, ⇨ on active duty at active service
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tax money that you have to pay to the government so that it can pay for public services 指税、税款 ：◆ income tax 所得税 ◆ tax cuts 减税 duty a tax that you pay on things that you buy, especially those that you bring into a country 指购物税项，尤指进口货物缴纳的关税 ：◆ The company has to pay customs duties on all imports. 该公司须为所有进口货物缴纳关税。 customs tax that is paid when goods are brought in from other countries 指关税、进口税 tariff a tax that is paid on goods coming into or going out of a country, often in order to protect industry from cheap imports 指（为使国内工业免遭廉价进口商品冲击而征收的）关税 ：◆ A general tariff was imposed on foreign imports. 国外进口货物当时按普通税率征税。 rates (in Britain) a tax paid by businesses to a local authority for land and buildings that they use, and in the past also paid by anyone who owned a house 指（英国地方政府征收的）房地产税、房产税 ：◆ Business rates are very high in the city centre. 市中心的商业房产税非常高。
Patterns
(a) tax/duty/tariff/rates on sthto pay an amount of money in tax/duty/customs/ratesto pay (a) tax/duty/customs/tariff/ratesto collect taxes/duties/ratesto increase/raise/reduce taxes/duty/tariffs/ratesto cut taxes/duties/ratesto impose a tax/duty/tariffto put a tax/dutyon sth
