experiment
Word family
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++ex·per·i·ment1 /ɪkˈsperəmənt/ ●●● S3 W2 noun [countable] 1 TEST/EXPERIMENTa scientific test done to find out how something reacts under certain conditions, or to find out if a particular idea is true (科学)实验experiment with/in/on experiments with alcohol-fuelled cars 研究以酒精作燃料的汽车实验 experiments on sleep deprivation 关于睡眠剥夺的实验by experiment Many small birds guide themselves by the stars, as has been verified by experiment. 许多小鸟靠星星导航，这已被实验所证实。2 TEST/EXPERIMENTa process in which you test a new idea or method to see if it is useful or effective 试验experiment with/in/on an experiment in state socialism 国家社会主义的试验 COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 1: a scientific test done to find out how something reacts under certain conditions, or to find out if a particular idea is true (科学)实验verbsdo/carry out an experiment 做/进行实验They carried out a series of experiments to test the theory. 他们进行了一系列实验来验证这个理论。nHe did some experiments with bats.perform/conduct an experiment formal (=do an experiment) 进行实验The laboratory began conducting experiments on rats. 该实验室开始用老鼠进行实验。an experiment shows/proves/demonstrates something 实验表明/证明某事His experiment showed that lightning was a kind of electricity. 他的实验表明闪电是一种电。nThe experiment proved that fabrics treated with the chemical are much less likely to catch fire.ADJECTIVES/NOUN + experimenta scientific experiment 科学实验Astronauts performed scientific experiments during the flight. 宇航员在航行期间进行了科学实验。animal experiments (=experiments using animals) 动物实验I think most animal experiments are cruel and unnecessary. 我认为大多数动物实验是残酷且不必要的。a laboratory experiment (=one that takes place in a laboratory) 实验室实验They did a series of laboratory experiments on human sleep patterns in the 1960s. 他们在20世纪60年代就人类睡眠模式进行了一系列实验室实验。a field experiment (=one that takes place in the real world, not in a laboratory) 野外实验，现场实验nIn field experiments, we used patients who did not know that it was a test situation.a controlled experiment (=one that is done using correct scientific methods) 受控实验，对照实验nThe theory has not yet been tested by a properly controlled experiment.a practical experiment (=one that relates to real situations or events, not scientific theories) 实际实验nThe research team compiled a set of practical experiments in Modern Astronomy.phrasesan experiment to test/measure/find out something 旨在检测/测量/发现某事物的实验We did an experiment to test the acidity of the soil. 我们做了一项实验以检测土壤酸度。COMMON ERRORS ► Don’t say ‘make an experiment’. Say carry out an experiment or do an experiment. 不要说 ‘make an experiment’. 而要说 carry out an experiment 或 do an experiment.n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 2: a process in which you test a new idea or method to see if it is useful or effective 试验adjectivesa bold experiment (=one that tries to achieve a lot and takes risks)The country’s bold experiment with economic reform has not paid off yet.a unique experiment (=one that has not been done before)Congestion charging is a unique experiment that other UK cities are watching with interest.a democratic/socialist/communist experiment (=one in which a country tries a new political system)He went to Havana to judge for himself the success or failure of the socialist experiment.a social experiment (=one in which people try a new way of living and organizing society)The community started out as a social experiment.Examples from the Corpus
experiment• In the classical conditioning experiment, the two stimuli were presented simultaneously.• They are doing experiments to learn more about the affects of alcohol on the brain.• The Institute plans to conduct no further experiments on monkeys.• Laboratory experiments have proven that unfamiliar surroundings and a change in daily schedule can lead to sleep problems.• In one experiment, the men were not allowed to sleep and then were tested on how well they were able to concentrate.• In three other experiments fluid transport in the jejunum was nil.• All three of the experiments you did are related to the center of gravity in your body.• The experiment has not been done, and it is hard to imagine its getting a grant.• Faced with such a question the theorist has to repair to a mental laboratory where he conducts thought experiments.• The elderly people were taught meditation in the 12-week experiment.experiment with/in/on• Airlines experiment with the highest possible fares over the weekend.• Listen to all kinds of music, and experiment with different styles of singing.• Becky wanted to keep her hair long but experiment with different styles.• First, consider this design for a two-stage experiment with rats.• This must be what people tell themselves when they start experimenting with drugs.• Other areas will probably watch the outcome of this experiment with interest.• This is why people find it difficult to experiment with their own behaviour and to practise using behaviours that are unfamiliar.experiment with/in/on• Airlines experiment with the highest possible fares over the weekend.• Listen to all kinds of music, and experiment with different styles of singing.• Becky wanted to keep her hair long but experiment with different styles.• First, consider this design for a two-stage experiment with rats.• This must be what people tell themselves when they start experimenting with drugs.• Other areas will probably watch the outcome of this experiment with interest.• This is why people find it difficult to experiment with their own behaviour and to practise using behaviours that are unfamiliar.ex·per·i·ment2 /ɪkˈsperəment/ ●●○ verb [intransitive] 1 TRY something TO SEE IF IT IS GOODto try using various ideas, methods etc to find out how good or effective they are 试验；试用experiment with/on/in He experimented with lighter-than-air flight. 他试验了气球飞行。 The teacher provided some different materials and left the children to experiment. 老师提供了几种不同的材料让孩子们试验。2 TEST/EXPERIMENTto do a scientific test to find out if a particular idea is true or to obtain more information 做试验，进行实验experiment with/on I would defend the right of scientists to experiment on animals. 我会为科学家做动物实验的权利进行辩护。3 to try doing something to find out what it feels like, for example having sex or using illegal drugs 尝试〔性爱、毒品等〕experiment with She admitted she had experimented with cocaine. 她承认自己试吸了可卡因。 —experimenter noun [countable]→ See Verb tableExamples from the Corpus
experiment• She had black kinky hair that she experimented with a lot.• She was experimenting with a risotto when Ron Paget appeared at the door.• Want to experiment with digital images?• Considerable work has also been undertaken to develop new blends using wool and experimenting with new man made fibres and dyestuffs.• Another possibility that I have experimented with once or twice is creating a monogram in flowers.• He also experimented with photography, and did significant early work with X-rays from 1896, and with radio waves from 1897.• Ronald Reagan is the only modern presidential candidate to experiment with that idea, selecting Pennsylvania Sen.• At fifteen he began to experiment with various water turbines.experiment with/on/in• In Lombardy, however, the rib vault was experimented with and a number of examples were built.• Their mechanism of action has been worked out chiefly by experiments on animals.• This must be what people tell themselves when they start experimenting with drugs.• Thus, it is no coincidence that the public school districts experimenting with Ebonics long have been abandoned by white parents.• He began to experiment on himself.• This means that any of those experiments in plant association which prove to be unsuccessful can be scrapped without too many regrets.• Up to that time, I was simply playing, or experimenting with the girls.• If you like your potatoes cooked from scratch, experiment with Yukon Golds.experiment with/on• Their mechanism of action has been worked out chiefly by experiments on animals.• Emma was experimenting with atonal motifs on a xylophone and Vicky had been given a doll but had pulled the arm off.• For example, a social service agency might allow an experiment on different practice models.• Reichardt is currently experimenting with free-range ducks, which are raised in an open field bordered by nearby trees to provide shade.• He also experimented with photography, and did significant early work with X-rays from 1896, and with radio waves from 1897.• Remember all those experiments with rats living in enriched environments?• Then I experimented with T'Ai Chi.• If you like your potatoes cooked from scratch, experiment with Yukon Golds.experiment with• We're experimenting with a new filing system.• Schools have experimented with desktop publishing in English classes.• A new wave of rock bands experimented with different rhythms and beats.• A lot of fourteen and fifteen year olds experiment with drugs.• Several politicians admitted experimenting with marijuana.Origin experiment1 (1300-1400) Old French Latin experimentum, from experiri; → EXPERIENCE1ex·per·i·ment1 noun →COLLOCATIONS1 →n COLLOCATIONS2ex·per·i·ment2 verbLDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
a scientific out Corpus test done to find
experiment
ex‧per‧i‧ment1 S3 W2 /ɪkˈsperəmənt, ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ 
noun [countable]
experiment with/in/on
experiments with alcohol-fuelled cars
experiments on sleep deprivation
by experiment
Many small birds guide themselves by the stars, as has been verified by experiment.
2. a process in which you test a new idea or method to see if it is useful or effective
experiment with/in/on
an experiment in state socialism
■ verbs
▪do/carry out an experiment They carried out a series of experiments to test the theory. | He did some experiments with bats.
▪perform/conduct an experiment formal (=do an experiment) The laboratory began conducting experiments on rats.
▪an experiment shows/proves/demonstrates something His experiment showed that lightning was a kind of electricity. | The experiment proved that fabrics treated with the chemical are much less likely to catch fire.
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + experiment
▪a scientific experiment Astronauts performed scientific experiments during the flight.
▪animal experiments (=experiments using animals) I think most animal experiments are cruel and unnecessary.
▪a laboratory experiment (=one that takes place in a laboratory) They did a series of laboratory experiments on human sleep patterns in the 1960s.
▪a field experiment (=one that takes place in the real world, not in a laboratory) In field experiments, we used patients who did not know that it was a test situation.
▪a controlled experiment (=one that is done using correct scientific methods) The theory has not yet been tested by a properly controlled experiment.
▪a practical experiment (=one that relates to real situations or events, not scientific theories) The research team compiled a set of practical experiments in Modern Astronomy.
■ phrases
▪an experiment to test/measure/find out something We did an experiment to test the acidity of the soil.
■ COMMON ERRORS
► Do not say 'make an experiment'. Say carry out an experiment or do an experiement.
■ adjectives
▪a bold experiment (=one that tries to achieve a lot and takes risks) The country's bold experiment with economic reform has not paid off yet.
▪a unique experiment (=one that has not been done before) Congestion charging is a unique experiment that other UK cities are watching with interest.
▪a democratic/socialist/communist experiment (=one in which a country tries a new political system) He went to Havana to judge for himself the success or failure of the socialist experiment.
▪a social experiment (=one in which people try a new way of living and organizing society) The community started out as a social experiment.
▪ research noun [uncountable] careful detailed work that is done in order to find out more about a subject, especially as a part of a scientific or academic project: Billions of dollars have been spent on research into the causes and treatment of cancer. | The University has for a long time been a leading centre for research in this field.
▪work noun [uncountable] the studies that have been done on a particular subject: Faraday is famous for his work on electricity. | A lot of work has been done on hydrogen-powered cars. | Their work had an enormous influence on the study of genetics.
▪study noun [countable] a piece of work in which someone examines a particular subject in order to find out more about it, and writes about what they have found: The study showed that 25 percent of adults do not eat breakfast at all, compared with 14 percent in 1961. | Recent studies suggest that our sense of smell is closely linked with the part of the brain that deals with memory.
▪experiment noun [countable] a scientific test in order to find out what happens when you do something: They carried out a series of experiments (=they did a series of experiments) in order to try to prove their theory. | Experiments have shown that there is an increased risk of some forms of cancer.
ex‧per‧i‧ment2 /ɪkˈsperəment, ɪkˈsperɪment/ verb [intransitive]
experiment with/on/in
He experimented with lighter-than-air flight.
The teacher provided some different materials and left the children to experiment.
2. to do a scientific test to find out if a particular idea is true or to obtain more information
experiment with/on
I would defend the right of scientists to experiment on animals.
3. to try doing something to find out what it feels like, for example having sex or using illegal drugs
experiment with
She admitted she had experimented with cocaine.
—experimenter noun [countable]
| I |
noun [countable] Word Family: noun: experiment, experimentation; verb: experiment; adverb: experimentally; adjective: experimental
1. a scientific test done to find out how something reacts under certain conditions, or to find out if a particular idea is trueexperiment with/in/on
by experiment
2. a process in which you test a new idea or method to see if it is useful or effective
experiment with/in/on
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► Do not say 'make an experiment'. Say carry out an experiment or do an experiement.
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| II |
verb [intransitive] Word Family: noun: experiment, experimentation; verb: experiment; adverb: experimentally; adjective: experimental
1. to try using various ideas, methods etc to find out how good or effective they areexperiment with/on/in
2. to do a scientific test to find out if a particular idea is true or to obtain more information
experiment with/on
3. to try doing something to find out what it feels like, for example having sex or using illegal drugs
experiment with
—experimenter noun [countable]
Theory 理论
formulate/advance a theory/hypothesis创立理论；提出假设 build/construct/create/develop a simple/theoretical/mathematical model创立一个简单／理论／数学模型 develop/establish/provide/use a theoretical/conceptual framework创立／建立／提供／使用理论／概念框架 advance/argue/develop the thesis that…提出／论证／详尽阐述…的论题 explore an idea/a concept/a hypothesis探讨一个想法／概念／假设 make a prediction/an inference预测；推断 base a prediction/your calculations on sth基于…做出预测／估算 investigate/evaluate/accept/challenge/reject a theory/hypothesis/model研究／评估／接受／质疑／拒绝接受一个理论／假设／模型
Experiment 实验
design an experiment/a questionnaire/a study/a test设计一项实验／问卷／研究／测试 do research/an experiment/an analysis做研究／实验／分析 make observations/measurements/calculations观察；测量；计算 carry out/conduct/perform an experiment/a test/a longitudinal study/observations/clinical trials进行实验／测试／纵向研究／观察／临床试验 run an experiment/a simulation/clinical trials进行实验／模拟／临床试验 repeat an experiment/a test/an analysis重做实验／测试／分析 replicate a study/the results/the findings做相同的研究；得出同样的结果／调查结果 observe/study/examine/investigate/assess a pattern/a process/a behaviour/( a behaviorespecially
观察／研究／审查／调查／评估一种模式／一个过程／一种行为 fund/support the research/project/study资助／支持研究／项目／专题研究 seek/provide/get/secure funding for research寻求／提供／得到／争取到研究资金
Results 结果
collect/gather/extract data/information收集／提取数据／信息 yield data/evidence/similar findings/the same results得到数据／证据／类似调查结果／相同结果 analyse/examine the data/soil samples/a specimen分析／考查数据／土壤样本／样本 consider/compare/interpret the results/findings思考／比较／解释结果／调查结果 fit the data/model与数据／模型相符合 confirm/support/verify a prediction/a hypothesis/the results/the findings证实／支持／核实预测／假设／结果／调查结果 prove a conjecture/hypothesis/theorem证明猜测／假设／定理 draw/make/reach the same conclusions得出同样的结论 read/review the records/literature阅读／评论记录／文献 describe/report an experiment/a study描述／报告一项实验／研究 present/publish/summarize the results/findings提交／公布／总结结果／调查结果 present/publish/read/review/cite a paper in a scientific journal向科学杂志提交一篇论文；在科学杂志发表一篇论文；阅读／评论／引用科学杂志上的一篇论文