fundamental

 Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++朗文当代英语 5++LDOCE 5++朗文 5++fun·da·men·tal /ˌfʌndəˈmentl◂/ ●●○ W2 AWL adjective  1  BASICrelating to the most basic and important parts of something 根本的；基本的；基础的 We have to tackle the fundamental cause of the problem. 我们必须解决问题的根本原因。fundamental change/difference/distinction/shift etc a fundamental difference in opinion 看法的根本区别fundamental mistake/error Novice programmers sometimes make fundamental errors. 新手程序员有时会犯根本性的错误。 the fundamental principles of liberty and equality 自由和平等这两个基本原则2  IMPORTANTvery necessary and important 必不可少的；十分重要的 fundamental human rights 基本人权fundamental to Water is fundamental to survival. 水是生存所必需的。n COLLOCATIONSnounsa fundamental changeA fundamental change is needed in the voting system.a fundamental differenceThere is no fundamental difference between people of different races.a fundamental distinction (=a clear difference between two similar things)A fundamental distinction exists between knowing a fact and understanding it.a fundamental problemCharity could not solve the fundamental problem of unemployment.a fundamental questionTo reach a solution several fundamental questions need to be answered.a fundamental issueThis report raises a number of fundamental issues.the fundamental reasonThe fundamental reason for the project’s failure was the lack of funds.the fundamental causeA burst tyre was the fundamental cause of the crash.a fundamental mistake/errorThe government made at least one fundamental mistake when drawing up this legislation.a fundamental weakness (=fault)She points out the fundamental weaknesses in his argument.a fundamental flaw (=fault that makes something imperfect)There is a fundamental flaw in the current tax system.fundamental principles (=moral rules or beliefs about what is right and wrong)Let me state a couple of fundamental principles which we value highly.phrasessomething is of fundamental importance (=it is extremely important)It is of fundamental importance that justice should be seen to be done.

Examples from the Corpus

fundamental• the fundamental beliefs of Christianity• It is different from any Byzantine architecture in east or west but owes much of its fundamental character to the Byzantine style.• If this treatment changes the fundamental disease process, a prolonged period of remission might be expected in these patients.• Are there fundamental elements of human nature that can not be significantly altered by socialization and institutions?• Tax studies purporting to show that most capital gains tax is paid by higher-income individuals reflect a fundamental error.• Eikmeyer's fundamental insight is that co-operation and non-co-operation are not simply polar opposites along a scale.• This suggested that the fundamental problem of many working class families was one of scarce resources.• Raising your child to tell the difference between right and wrong is one of the fundamental tasks of parenthood.• Water is fundamental to survival.• Meanwhile the population is changing in fundamental ways.fundamental change/difference/distinction/shift etc• Bagehot's work continued to be regarded as an authoritative work long after the Constitution had undergone fundamental change.• If the leadership of educational institutions is to be effective then a number of fundamental changes are needed.• In this regard, fundamental changes are required in organizational patterns of scientific and technological activities in the region.• But there was a fundamental difference between Macaulay's views and those of Temple.• Begin by facing up to the headlines and statistics of most fundamental change efforts to date.• You have experienced the variety of human motivations stirred up by fundamental change in organizations.• Deciding that enough was enough, Mr Ramsden made some simple but fundamental changes to the credit control process.fundamental to• Competition is fundamental to keeping prices down.Origin fundamental (1400-1500) fundament “basic part” ((13-21 centuries)), from Latin fundus; → FUND1

fun·da·men·tal adjective →n COLLOCATIONS1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable  

basic important relating parts to the and most Corpus

fundamental
fun‧da‧men‧tal W2 AC /ˌfʌndəˈmentl◂/ adjective1. relating to the most basic and important parts of something:
    We have to tackle the fundamental cause of the problem.
    fundamental change/difference/distinction/shift etc
    a fundamental difference in opinion
    fundamental mistake/error
    Novice programmers sometimes make fundamental errors.
    the fundamental principles of liberty and equality
2. very necessary and important:
    fundamental human rights
    fundamental to
    Water is fundamental to survival.
     

COLLOCATIONS

■ nouns
   ▪ a fundamental change A fundamental change is needed in the voting system.
   ▪ a fundamental difference There is no fundamental difference between people of different races.
   ▪ a fundamental distinction (=a clear difference between two similar things) A fundamental distinction exists between knowing a fact and understanding it.
   ▪ a fundamental problem Charity could not solve the fundamental problem of unemployment.
   ▪ a fundamental question To reach a solution several fundamental questions need to be answered.
   ▪ a fundamental issue This report raises a number of fundamental issues.
   ▪ the fundamental reason The fundamental reason for the project’s failure was the lack of funds.
   ▪ the fundamental cause A burst tyre was the fundamental cause of the crash.
   ▪ a fundamental mistake/error The government made at least one fundamental mistake when drawing up this legislation.
   ▪ a fundamental weakness (=fault) She points out the fundamental weaknesses in his argument.
   ▪ a fundamental flaw (=fault that makes something imperfect) There is a fundamental flaw in the current tax system.
   ▪ fundamental principles (=moral rules or beliefs about what is right and wrong) Let me state a couple of fundamental principles which we value highly.
■ phrases
   ▪ something is of fundamental importance (=it is extremely important) It is of fundamental importance that justice should be seen to be done.
     

THESAURUS

   ▪ basic the basic things or information are the ones that are the most necessary, or the ones that you need to know first: Visit our website for some basic facts about healthy eating, exercise and weight control. | Water – indeed everything basic to life here must be brought in by truck. | people's basic needs
   ▪ fundamental more important than anything else - used especially when you want to emphasize what you are saying: The fundamental problem is a lack of resources. | one of the fundamental beliefs of Christianity | These values are fundamental to our society.
   ▪ essential used when talking about a particular thing or feature, which something must have in order to continue. Also used when talking about the main point, difference etc: Freedom of the press is essential to our democracy. | Change and diversity are essential characteristics of the natural world. | The essential point is this: either we act now, or the whole future of our planet is uncertain. | One of the essential differences between humans and computers is that humans are more likely to make mistakes.
   ▪ central very important and having a lot of influence or receiving a lot of attention: Indonesia occupies a central role in this market. | Education is central to government policy.