gender
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++gen·der /ˈdʒendə $ -ər/ ●○○ AWL noun 1 SEX/GENDER[countable, uncountable] the fact of being male or female 性别 people of the same gender 同性别的人 Discrimination on grounds of race or gender is forbidden. 严禁种族歧视和性别歧视。 There may be gender differences in attitudes to paid work. 对待有偿劳动的态度可能存在着性别差异。 traditional gender roles 传统的性别角色 gender biases in books 书本中的性别偏见 toys that do not reinforce gender stereotypes 不强化性别模式化观念的玩具 a science fiction story dealing with gender issues 以性别问题为题材的科幻故事2 [countable] males or females, considered as a group 男[女]性 SYN sex differences between the genders 两性差别3 a) [uncountable]SLG the system in some languages of marking words such as nouns, adjectives, and pronouns as being masculine, feminine, or neuter 性〔指某些语言中名词、形容词和代词分为阳性、阴性或中性的语法体系〕 b) [countable]SLG a group such as feminine into which words are divided in this system （单词的）性〔如阴性〕n COLLOCATIONSgender + NOUNa gender differenceResearch has shown that there are gender differences in the way alcohol affects the brain.the gender gap (=a difference between men and women)The gender gap was visible in the way men and women voted during the presidential elections.gender roles (=the positions of men and women in society)It is a country where gender roles have remained largely unchanged.gender bias/inequality/discrimination (=when one gender is treated unfairly)Her research investigates gender bias in the classroom.gender equality (=when men and women are treated in the same way)Organizations have a duty to promote gender equality.gender relations (=the way in which men and women behave towards each other)The best way to understand gender relations is to study children.a gender stereotype (=a fixed idea of what men or women are like)The characters in the novel were criticized for being gender stereotypes.gender politics (=the way in which men and women compete with each other for power)Much of the discussion of gender politics is rather simplistic.gender issues (=ideas and problems related to being male or female)Businesses seem to pay more attention to gender issues in senior positions.gender identity (=whether someone is male or female)Gender identity refers to our inner feeling of being masculine or feminine.
Examples from the Corpus
gender• The job is open to any suitably qualified person regardless of age, gender, or race.• It would ban racial and gender preferences in all state government hiring, contracting and education programs.• We are interested in these questions, of course, because we are also interested in gender.• Hiring employees on the basis of gender or race is not permitted.• Restrictions on and beliefs about language may be part of the construction of gender rather than a simple reflection of it.• The nation was organized not only in class terms but also in terms of gender and age.• an interesting study on gender bias in the classroom• Sociologists believe that gender differences in voting will gradually disappear.• Professional relationships for women are those which are characterised among other things as not acknowledging the gender of the people involved.gender differences• And here also gender differences are minimized.• Other researchers, however, remained adamant that there are few if any gender differences in management.• Will the extreme gender differences in health status continue?• In contrast, Piaroa minimize gender differences and maintain the same normative code of non-violent behaviour for both males and females.• Another issue, as yet little studied or confronted, is that of gender differences in access to education and achievement at school.• Past research has looked at how the age of puberty affects subsequent risk of problems and found sharp gender differences.• Why are there such gender differences?• The gender differences explored here are social constructions that have had influence in certain mainstream discourses.From Longman Business Dictionarygendergen‧der /ˈdʒendə-ər/ noun [countable, uncountable]HUMAN RESOURCES the fact of being male or femaleDiscrimination on the grounds of sex, race or gender is illegal.Origin gender (1300-1400) Old French gendre, from Latin genus; → GENUSgen·der noun →n COLLOCATIONS1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
male Business Corpus being female the fact of or
gender
gen‧der AC /ˈdʒendə $ -ər/
noun1. [uncountable and countable] the fact of being male or female:
people of the same gender
Discrimination on grounds of race or gender is forbidden.
There may be gender differences in attitudes to paid work.
traditional gender roles
gender biases in books
toys that do not reinforce gender stereotypes
a science fiction story dealing with gender issues
2. [countable] males or females, considered as a group
SYN sex:
differences between the genders
3.
a. [uncountable] the system in some languages of marking words such as nouns, adjectives, and pronouns as being masculine, feminine, or neuter
b. [countable] a group such as feminine into which words are divided in this system
■ gender + NOUN
▪a gender difference Research has shown that there are gender differences in the way alcohol affects the brain.
▪the gender gap (=a difference between men and women) The gender gap was visible in the way men and women voted during the presidential elections.
▪gender roles (=the positions of men and women in society) It is a country where gender roles have remained largely unchanged.
▪gender bias/inequality/discrimination (=when one gender is treated unfairly) Her research investigates gender bias in the classroom.
▪gender equality (=when men and women are treated in the same way) Organizations have a duty to promote gender equality.
▪gender relations (=the way in which men and women behave towards each other) The best way to understand gender relations is to study children.
▪a gender stereotype (=a fixed idea of what men or women are like) The characters in the novel were criticized for being gender stereotypes.
▪gender politics (=the way in which men and women compete with each other for power) Much of the discussion of gender politics is rather simplistic.
▪gender issues (=ideas and problems related to being male or female) Businesses seem to pay more attention to gender issues in senior positions.
▪gender identity (=whether someone is male or female) Gender identity refers to our inner feeling of being masculine or feminine.
gen‧der AC /ˈdʒendə $ -ər/
noun1. [uncountable and countable] the fact of being male or female: 2. [countable] males or females, considered as a group
SYN sex:
3.
a. [uncountable] the system in some languages of marking words such as nouns, adjectives, and pronouns as being masculine, feminine, or neuter
b. [countable] a group such as feminine into which words are divided in this system
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Ways of talking about men and women 表示男女的说法
When you are writing or speaking English it is important to use language that includes both men and women equally. Some people may be very offended if you do not. 说写英语时，重要的是用词要把男女都包括在内，否则可能会冒犯某些人。
The human race 人类
Man andmankind have traditionally been used to mean 'all men and women'. Many people now prefer to usehumanity ,the human race ,human beings orpeople .* man 和 mankind 传统上用以指所有男性和女性，不过，现在许多人喜欢用 humanity、the human race、human beings 或 people。
Jobs 职业
The suffix -ess in names of occupations such asactress ,hostess andwaitress shows that the person doing the job is a woman. Many people now avoid these. Instead you can useactor orhost (althoughactress andhostess are still very common), or a neutral word, such asserver forwaiter andwaitress .后缀 -ess 在职业的名称如 actress、hostess 和 waitress 中表明从事此职业的是女性。目前，许多人避免用这些词。取而代之的是 actor 或 host（尽管 actress 和 hostess 仍然很常见）或用中性词如 server 取代 waiter 和 waitress。 Neutral words like assistant ,worker ,person orofficer are now often used instead of-man or-woman in the names of jobs. For example, you can usepolice officer instead ofpoliceman orpolicewoman , andspokesperson instead ofspokesman orspokeswoman . Neutral words are very common in newspapers, on television and radio and in official writing, in bothBrE NAmE 现在职业名称常用中性词如 assistant、worker、person 或 officer 取代 -man 或 -woman。例如可用 police officer 代替 policeman 或 policewoman，用 spokesperson 代替 spokesman 或 spokeswoman。在报刊、电视、广播和公文中，英式英语和美式英语都常用中性词。 When talking about jobs that are traditionally done by the other sex, some people say: a male secretary /nurse /model (NOTman ) ora woman /female doctor /barrister /driver . However this is now not usually used unless you need to emphasize which sex the person is, or it is still unusual for the job to be done by a man/woman.谈及传统上由另一性别干的工作时，有人用 male secretary/nurse/model（不用 man）或 woman/female doctor/barrister/driver 表示。不过现在这种用法不常见，除非要强调此人的性别，或由某性别干此工作仍然少见 ：◆ My daughter prefers to see a woman doctor. 我的女儿喜欢让女医生看病。 ◆ They have a male nanny for their kids. 他们有个男保姆照料孩子。 ◆ a female racing driver 女赛车手
Pronouns 代词
He used to be considered to cover both men and women.* he 过去被认为既指男性也指女性 ：◆ Everyone needs to feel he is loved. 人人都需要有被爱的感觉。 This is not now acceptable. Instead, after everybody ,everyone ,anybody ,anyone ,somebody ,someone , etc. one of the plural pronounsthey ,them , andtheir is often used.现在此用法不获认同。取而代之的是在 everybody、everyone、anybody、anyone、somebody、someone 等之后常用复数代词 they、them 和 their ：◆ Does everybody know what they want? 人人都知道自己需要什么吗？ ◆ Somebody's left their coat here. 有人把外衣落在这儿了。 ◆ I hope nobody's forgotten to bring their passport with them. 希望没人忘了随身带上护照。 Some people prefer to use he or she ,his or her , orhim or her in speech and writing.有人在口语和书面语中喜欢用 he or she、his or her 或 him or her ：◆ Everyone knows what's best for him- or herself. 人人都知道对自己来说什么是最好的。 He/she or(s)he can also be used in writing.* he/she 或 (s)he 亦可用于书面语中 ：◆ If in doubt, ask your doctor. He/she can give you more information. 如有疑问请向你的医生咨询，他／她会给你更多的信息。 (You may find that some writers just use 'she'.) 有些人只用 she。 ：These uses can seem awkward when they are used a lot. It is better to try to change the sentence, using a plural noun. 这种说法用得太多可能显得别扭。最好尽量改动句子，用复数名词。 ：Instead of saying 避免说 ：◆ A baby cries when he or she is tired you can say 可以说 ：◆ Babies cry when they are tired. 婴儿疲倦时会哭。