given

 Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++朗文当代英语 5++LDOCE 5++朗文 5++giv·en1 /ˈɡɪvən/ verb  x-refthe past participle of give give的过去分词given2 ●○○ adjective [only before noun]  1  any/a given ... ALL/EVERYTHINGany particular time, situation, amount etc that is being used as an example 指定的，特定的 On any given day in the Houston area, half the hospital beds are empty. 在休斯敦地区，任何一天医院的床位都有一半是空的。 The rules are to be followed in any given situation. 这些规则在任何情况下都要遵守。at any given time/moment There are thought to be around 10,000 young homeless Scots in London at any given time. 据信伦敦无论何时都有一万左右的苏格兰青年无家可归。2  ARRANGE A MEETING, EVENT ETCpreviously arranged 事先安排好的；规定的 SYN specific The wrapping machine was pre-set to wrap a given number of biscuits. 包装机预设好可以包装一定数量的饼干。 Candidates will have to give a presentation on a given topic. 候选人必须就指定话题展开论述。 a game in which, at a given signal, everyone has to stand still 大家接到约定信号后都必须静止不动的一个游戏3  be given to (doing) something formalOFTEN to tend to do something, especially something that you should not do 往往会做某事〔尤指不该做的事〕 He was a quiet man, not usually given to complaining. 他是个话不多的人，一般不会发牢骚。4  take something as given BELIEVEto accept that something is true or exists, especially when you are developing an idea or argument 认为某事理所当然如此，认为某事是想当然〔尤用于得出观点〕 The fact that people find change difficult is taken as given. 人总觉得改变什么很难，这是毫无疑问的。

Examples from the Corpus

given• Set size the width of the type body of a given point size.• These were to identify, but not describe or interpret, the stylistic devices present in a given text.• They didn't meet me at the given time.given3 preposition  SURPRISEDtaking something into account 考虑到，鉴于 SYN considering Given the circumstances, you’ve done really well. 鉴于这种情况，你已经算是处理得很好了。given that Given that the patients have some disabilities, we still try to enable them to be as independent as possible. 虽然考虑到病人有生理上的不便，我们还是尽量让他们自立。

Examples from the Corpus

given• Given the number of people we invited, I'm surprised so few came.given that• An employee who was given that choice and chooses resignation can still receive unemployment compensation or file a lawsuit against the boss.• They are permitted no naturalistic embellishment, but given that choice the stylisation should be taken further.• This is not surprising given that entrance charge is only a part of the relevant composite price.• Yet none has ever been given that honor.• I think I did all right, given that I didn't study much for the test.• A serious issue indeed for the Committee given that literature is to be the central instrument for furthering its cultural programme.• Nicholas was never given that privilege.• It is especially difficult given that several of the most important Idealists were also actively contributing to the reinterpretation of Liberal principles.• Not all of either circumstance was required for the effect, given that the other whole circumstance existed.given4 noun [countable]  TRUEa basic fact that you accept as being true 可以肯定的基本事实 Sandra will be at least 15 minutes late – that’s a given. 桑德拉至少会迟到15分钟，这是肯定的。 The concept is taken as a given in social studies. 在社会学研究中，这个概念被认为是真理。

Examples from the Corpus

given• Indeed many other art-historical givens have been rendered obsolete by pluralism and cultural diversity.• The so-called laws of nature are regarded as inexorable givens.• They were, like this new body she was growing into, givens.• We might say roughly that there are two sorts of givens which we could call duties and wishes.• It enters into the work as one of the givens with which the artist begins.• National identities are not constant and unchanging givens.taken as a given• The classical answer is simply that they are there; they are taken as given.• Classical economic theory denies that those characteristics can be taken as given.• In effect, they argue that the governmental agenda can not be taken as a given.• The number of firms in the manufacturing sector has been so far taken as given.• Here, aggression is taken as a given which must find some outlet.• In the art world, if not in mainstream media and media theory, the hardware is seldom taken as given.• Traditionally the supply of deposits was taken as given.

giv·en1 verbgiven2 adjectivegiven3 prepositiongiven4 nounChineseSyllable  

past of participle Corpus give the

given

I

giv‧en¹ /ˈɡɪvən/
the past participle of give

II

given² adjective [only before noun]
1. any/a given ... any particular time, situation, amount etc that is being used as an example:
    On any given day in the Houston area, half the hospital beds are empty.
    The rules are to be followed in any given situation.
    at any given time/moment
    There are thought to be around 10,000 young homeless Scots in London at any given time.
2. previously arranged
   SYN  specific:
    The wrapping machine was pre-set to wrap a given number of biscuits.
    Candidates will have to give a presentation on a given topic.
    a game in which, at a given signal, everyone has to stand still
3. be given to (doing) something formal to tend to do something, especially something that you should not do:
    He was a quiet man, not usually given to complaining.
4. take something as given to accept that something is true or exists, especially when you are developing an idea or argument:
    The fact that people find change difficult is taken as given.

III

given³ preposition
taking something into account
   SYN  considering:
    Given the circumstances, you’ve done really well.
    given that
    Given that the patients have some disabilities, we still try to enable them to be as independent as possible.

IV

given⁴ noun [countable]
a basic fact that you accept as being true:
    Sandra will be at least 15 minutes late – that’s a given.
    The concept is taken as a given in social studies.