government
Word family
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++gov·ern·ment /ˈɡʌvəmənt, ˈɡʌvənmənt $ ˈɡʌvərn-/ ●●● S2 W1 noun 1 (also Government) [countable usually singular]GOVERNMENT the group of people who govern a country or state 政府 The Government are planning further cuts in public spending. 政府正计划进一步削减公共支出。 The US government has tightened restrictions on firearms. 美国政府已经加强了对枪支的管制。 Neither party had the majority necessary to form a government. 两个政党都没有获得组阁所必需的多数票。under a government (=during the period of a government) 在某届政府的领导下 Structural reforms are unlikely under the present government. 在本届政府执政期间不大可能进行结构改革。n GRAMMAR: Singular or plural verb?• In this meaning, government is usually followed by a singular verb: The government is planning to increase taxes.• In British English, you can also use a plural verb: The government are planning to increase taxes.2 [uncountable]GOVERNMENT a form or system of government 政体，国家体制 Most people in the country support the return to democratic government. 国内大多数人都支持恢复民主政体。 → local government, central government3 [uncountable]GOVERNMENT the process or way of governing 治理，管理，统治in government What would the opposition do if they were in government (=governing the country)? 如果反对党执政，他们会怎么做？ the importance of good government in developing countries 治国有道在发展中国家的重要性4 [uncountable] American EnglishGOVERNMENT the degree to which the government controls economic and social activities 政府掌控经济和社会活动的程度 The protest march was really about big government (=when the government controls many activities). 这次抗议游行其实是针对大政府主义。 COLLOCATIONSADJECTIVES/NOUN + governmentthe UK/French/Thai etc government 英国/法国/泰国等政府The UK government has offered to send aid. 英国政府已表示会提供援助。the Labour/Conservative/Social Democratic etc government 工党/保守党/社会民主党等政府In August 1931, the Labour government collapsed. 1931年8月，工党政府倒台。the Thatcher/Blair etc government 撒切尔/布莱尔等政府nDid the Blair government do more for Africa than previous ones?a coalition government (=government made up of members of more than one political party) 联合政府nThe country has had a succession of weak coalition governments.a minority government (=that does not have enough politicians to control parliament) 少数党政府nHis party had gained only enough seats to form a minority government.a left-wing/right-wing government 左翼/右翼政府nThe new left-wing government restructured the economy.central/national government (=that deals with national rather than local things) 中央政府nFunding will continue to be available from central government for further education for adults.federal government (=in the US, the government of the whole country rather than of the individual states) 〔美国〕联邦政府nThe state, rather than the federal government, would have to pay the extra cost.local/state/city government 地方/州/市政府nThe interference in local government by central government is not just financial, but political.government + NOUNgovernment spending 政府开支Government spending on health care totals about $60 billion a year. 政府一年的医疗开支共约600亿美元。a government minister 政府部长A government minister said that there would be an inquiry. 一位政府部长称将进行调查。a government official (=someone who works for a government in an official position) 政府官员nHe had a meeting with French scientists and government officials.a government body (also a government agency American English) (=an organization run by the government) 政府机构nPatents are granted by the U.K. Patent Office, a government body.a government department 政府部门nthe government department responsible for policingverbselect a government (=vote to choose a government) 选举政府A new government was elected last October. 本届政府于去年10月选出。form a government (=become the government) 组成政府nThe party attained the majority of seats it needed to form a government.bring down a government (=force it to lose power) 使政府倒台nIt was a major scandal that nearly brought down the government. THESAURUSgovernment [countable, uncountable] the group of people who govern a country or the system they use to govern it 政府The French government did not sign the agreement. 法国政府没有签署此项协定。a democratic system of government 民主政体administration [countable] the government of a country, especially one such as the US, which is led by a president 政府〔尤指美国等由总统领导的政府〕the Kennedy administration 肯尼迪政府the problems left by the previous administration 前一届政府遗留下来的问题regime [countable] a government, especially one that was not elected fairly or that you disapprove of 〔未经公正选举产生的或者不被认可的〕政府,政权Most people opposed the apartheid regime. 大多数人都反对这个实行种族隔离的专制政府。nthe executive [singular] the part of the government that makes sure that laws and decisions work wellthe separation of powers between the executive, the legislature, and the judiciarydemocracy [countable, uncountable] a political system in which everyone can vote to choose the government, or a country that has this system 民主制度；民主国家The transition to democracy has not been easy. 向民主制度的过渡并非易事。In a democracy, people have freedom of speech. 在民主国家,人们享有言论自由。republic [countable] a country that has an elected government, and is led by a president, not a king or queen 共和国Mauritius became a republic in 1992. 毛里求斯于1992年成为共和国。monarchy [countable, uncountable] /ˈmɒnəki $ ˈmɑːnərki/ the system of having a king or queen as the head of state, or a country that has this system 君主政体,君主制；君主国Some monarchies have elected governments. 有些君主制国家有民选政府。controversy about the institution of monarchy 关于君主制度的争议an undemocratic government 非民主政体dictatorship [countable, uncountable] a political system or country that has a dictator (=a leader who has complete power and who has not been elected) 专制政体；独裁国家Argentina was a military dictatorship until 1983. 1983年之前，阿根廷还是个军事专制国家。Hungary’s years of dictatorship 匈牙利实行独裁统治的年代totalitarian adjective [only before noun] used for describing countries in which ordinary people have no power and the government has complete control over everything 极权主义的totalitarian states such as Nazi Germany 如纳粹德国之类的极权国家a totalitarian dictatorship 极权的独裁政府police state [countable] a country where the government strictly controls people’s freedom, for example to travel or to talk about politics 警察国家，极权国家It’s like living in a police state. 这就像生活在警察国家。Examples from the Corpus
government• The Republicans were elected by campaigning against big government and high taxes.• It has been difficult for the central government to conduct elections in remote areas.• the city government of Los Angeles• After years of corrupt government, people are tired of politics.• The French government strongly condemned the killings.• the French government• Having a popular leader does not guarantee good government.• The voters just want good government and less taxes.• His blend of smears, half truths and downright lies ruined many careers in government and the professions.• Still others see the pro-bat requirement as just another example of federal encroachment on local government.• The local government has been unable to meet the demand for affordable housing.• In practice the actions of governments have been less high-minded: a fact the opposition is always quick to point out.• The newspaper, La Prensa, was shut down for nearly two years because of its criticism of government policies.• The current Liberal Party has no actual experience of government.• Almost everywhere the monarch was, and was expected to be, the moving force behind the machinery of government.• In public sector schools in the late 1980s, shortages of government funding were bringing pressures to charge fees.• The government even began legal proceedings against the survivors, indicting them for rebellion and damaging public property.• The government has promised to cut taxes.• The government said that Iceland has no plans to resume whaling.• Taxation is about all there is to government.• Unemployment is a problem that many Western governments continue to face.under a government• They are the values which will help us complete the transformation of Britain, under a Government competent, decent and strong.• In 1954 wellhead gas prices also came under government control.• Utility companies, under government regulation, might do a better job of keeping the air clean.• Soon he was working there on digs under government auspices.• The individual under a government enjoys a certain measure of order and security.• It was charged with finding and ending racial discrimination in war industries under government contract.• Farmworkers fear for their future if the Board now under government review is scrapped.• The mine has since - with violent and fatal opposition - been placed under government control.big government• Conservatives have protested against big government and federal spending.• The penalty imposed by big government for expansion in business is a growing burden of responsibility, paperwork and liability.• Most substantially, Rockefeller is attacked as an apostle of big government.• According to President Clinton, the era of big government is over.• The first is an overview of big government.• Mr Pinkerton brilliantly succeeds in convincing the reader that big government is an endangered species.• Clinton has an undeniable economic vision: bigger government.From Longman Business Dictionarygovernmentgov‧ern‧ment /ˈgʌvəmənt, ˈgʌvənməntˈgʌvərn-/ (also Government) noun [countable] the group of people responsible for running a country or state and making decisions about taxes, laws, public services etcThe Government is planning further cuts in public spending.gov·ern·ment noun →n GRAMMAR1 →COLLOCATIONS1
→THESAURUS1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
→THESAURUS1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
the Corpus people of govern group Business who
government
gov‧ern‧ment S2 W1 /ˈɡʌvəmənt, ˈɡʌvənmənt $ ˈɡʌvərn-/
noun
The Government are planning further cuts in public spending.
The US government has tightened restrictions on firearms.
Neither party had the majority necessary to form a government.
under a government (=during the period of a government)
Structural reforms are unlikely under the present government.
2. [uncountable] a form or system of government:
Most people in the country support the return to democratic government. ⇨ local government, central government
3. [uncountable] the process or way of governing
in government
What would the opposition do if they were in government (=governing the country)?
the importance of good government in developing countries
4. [uncountable] American English the degree to which the government controls economic and social activities:
The protest march was really about big government (=when the government controls many activities).
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + government
▪the UK/French/Thai etc government The UK government has offered to send aid.
▪the Labour/Conservative/Social Democratic etc government In August 1931, the Labour government collapsed.
▪the Thatcher/Blair etc government Did the Blair government do more for Africa than previous ones?
▪a coalition government (=government made up of members of more than one political party) The country has had a succession of weak coalition governments.
▪a minority government (=that does not have enough politicians to control parliament) His party had gained only enough seats to form a minority government.
▪a left-wing/right-wing government The new left-wing government restructured the economy.
▪central/national government (=that deals with national rather than local things) Funding will continue to be available from central government for further education for adults.
▪federal government (=in the US, the government of the whole country rather than of the individual states) The state, rather than the federal government, would have to pay the extra cost.
▪local/state/city government The interference in local government by central government is not just financial, but political.
■ government + NOUN
▪government spending Government spending on health care totals about $60 billion a year.
▪a government minister A government minister said that there would be an inquiry.
▪a government official (=someone who works for a government in an official position) He had a meeting with French scientists and government officials.
▪a government body (also a government agency American English) (=an organization run by the government) Patents are granted by the U.K. Patent Office, a government body.
▪a government department the government department responsible for policing
■ verbs
▪elect a government (=vote to choose a government) A new government was elected last October.
▪form a government (=become the government) The party attained the majority of seats it needed to form a government.
▪bring down a government (=force it to lose power) It was a major scandal that nearly brought down the government.
▪ government [uncountable and countable] the group of people who govern a country or the system they use to govern it: The French government did not sign the agreement. | a democratic system of government
▪administration [countable] the government of a country, especially one such as the US, which is led by a president: the Kennedy administration | the problems left by the previous adminstration
▪regime [countable] a government, especially one that was not elected fairly or that you disapprove of: Most people opposed the apartheid regime.
▪the executive [singular] the part of the government that makes sure that laws and decisions work well: the separation of powers between the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary
▪democracy [uncountable and countable] a political system in which everyone can vote to choose the government, or a country that has this system: The transition to democracy has not been easy. | In a democracy, people have freedom of speech.
▪republic [countable] a country that has an elected government, and is led by a president, not a king or queen: Mauritius became a republic in 1992.
▪monarchy [uncountable and countable] /ˈmɒnəki $ ˈmɑːnərki/ the system of having a king or queen as the head of state, or a country that has this system: Some monarchies have elected governments. | controversy about the institution of monarchy
■ an undemocratic government
▪dictatorship [uncountable and countable] a political system or country that has a dictator (=a leader who has complete power and who has not been elected): Argentina was a military dictatorship until 1983. | Hungary’s years of dictatorship
▪totalitarian adjective [only before noun] used for describing countries in which ordinary people have no power and the government has complete control over everything: totalitarian states such as Nazi Germany | a totalitarian dictatorship
▪police state [countable] a country where the government strictly controls people’s freedom, for example to travel or to talk about politics: It’s like living in a police state.
gov‧ern‧ment S2 W1 /ˈɡʌvəmənt, ˈɡʌvənmənt $ ˈɡʌvərn-/
noun Word Family: noun: government, governor, governess, governorship; adjective: governmental, governing, gubernatorial; verb: govern; adverb: governmentally
1. (also Government) [C usually singular also + plural verb British English] the group of people who govern a country or state: under a government (=during the period of a government)
2. [uncountable] a form or system of government:
3. [uncountable] the process or way of governing
in government
4. [uncountable] American English the degree to which the government controls economic and social activities:
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Power 权力
create/form/be the leader of a political party创建／组建／领导政党 gain/take/win/lose/regain control of Congress获得／失去／夺回对国会的控制权 start/spark/lead/be on the brink of a revolution发起／引发／领导一场革命；革命一触即发 be engaged/locked in an internal power struggle参与／陷入内部权力斗争 lead/form a rival/breakaway faction领导／组建反对派／分裂派 seize/take control of the government/power夺取／接手对政府／政权的控制权 bring down/overthrow/topple the government/president/regime推翻政府／总统／政权 abolish/overthrow/restore the monarchy废除／推翻／恢复君主制 establish/install a military dictatorship/a stable government建立军事独裁／稳定的政府 be forced/removed/driven from office/power被迫离职／下台；被免职／赶下台 resign/step down as party leader/an MP/president/prime minister辞去政党领袖／议员／总统／总理的职位 enter/retire from/return to political life开始／退出／重回政治生涯
Political debate 政治辩论
spark/provoke a heated/hot/intense/lively debate引发激烈的辩论 engage in/participate in/contribute to (the) political/public debate (on/over sth)参与（关于某事的）政治／公开辩论 get involved in/feel excluded from the political process参与／感觉被排挤出政治进程 launch/start/lead/spearhead a campaign/movement发起／领导一场运动 join/be linked with the peace/anti-war/feminist/civil rights movement参与和平／反战／女权／民权运动；与和平／反战／女权／民权运动有联系 criticize/speak out against/challenge/support the government批评／公开反对／质疑／支持政府 lobby/put pressure on the government (to do sth)游说／施压于政府（去做某事） come under fire/pressure from opposition parties受到来自反对党的抨击／压力
Policy 政策
call for/demand/propose/push for/advocate democratic/political/land reform(s)呼吁／强烈要求／提议／敦促／倡导民主／政治／土地改革 formulate/implement domestic economic policy制定／执行国内经济政策 change/influence/shape/have an impact on government/economic/public policy改变／影响政府／经济／公共政策 be consistent with/be in line with/go against/be opposed to government policy符合／违背政府政策 reform/restructure/modernize the tax system改革／重组／革新税收制度 privatize/improve/deliver/make cuts in public services私有化／改善／提供／削减公共服务 invest (heavily) in/spend sth on schools/education/public services/(the) infrastructure在学校／教育／公共服务／基础设施上投入（大量）资金 nationalize the banks/the oil industry使银行／石油产业国有化 promise/propose/deliver/give ($80 billion in/significant/substantial/massive) tax cuts承诺／提议／兑现／实行（800 亿美元／大幅度的）减税 a/the budget is approved/ ( especially
NAmE passed by parliament/congress预算经议会／国会通过
Making laws 制定法律
have a majority in/have seats in Parliament/Congress/the Senate在议会／国会／参议院中占多数席位／占有席位 propose/sponsor a bill/legislation/a resolution提交议案／法规／决议 introduce/bring in/draw up/draft/adopt/pass a bill/a law/legislation/measures推出／提出／拟定／起草／采用／通过议案／法律／法规／措施 amend/repeal an act/a law/legislation修正／废除法案／法律／法规 veto/vote against/oppose a bill/legislation/a measure/a proposal/a resolution否决／投票反对／反对议案／法规／措施／提议／决议 get/require/be decided by a majority vote获得／需要多数票；由多数票决定