illness
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++ill·ness /ˈɪlnəs/ ●●● S3 W3 noun [countable, uncountable] ILLNESS/DISEASEa disease of the body or mind, or the condition of being ill 病，疾病；患病状态 She had all the normal childhood illnesses. 儿童的常见病她小时候都得过。 Her mother was recovering from a serious illness. 她母亲重病后正在逐渐康复。 I’ve never missed a day’s work through illness. 我从未因病耽误过一天工作。 ways to improve your health and reduce the risk of illness 增进健康减少疾病的方法 → disease COLLOCATIONSverbshave an illness 生病When did you first find out that you had the illness? 你最早是什么时候发现自己有这个病？suffer from an illness 患病She suffers from a rare illness. 她患上了一种罕见的病。get/develop an illness 得病She developed the illness when she was in her 50s. 她五十多岁时得了这种病。contract an illness formal (=get an illness by catching it from another person) 染上疾病He contracted the illness while he was working abroad. 他在国外工作时染上了这个病。recover from an illness 病后康复It took several months for him to recover from his illness. 他的病几个月后才得以痊愈。be diagnosed with an illness (=be found by doctors to have an illness) 被诊断出患有某种疾病nHer husband had just been diagnosed with a terminal illness.cause/lead to illness 致病nInadequate hygiene can lead to illness.prevent illness 防病nVaccines have been successful in preventing illness.ADJECTIVES/NOUN + illnessserious/severe 严重的His illness is more severe than the doctors first thought. 他的病比医生一开始估计的要严重。minor (=not serious) 不严重的He suffered a succession of minor illnesses. 他接连生了几次小病。fatal (=causing death quite quickly) 致命的She developed a fatal illness. 她身患绝症。life-threatening (=likely to cause death) 危及生命的Doctors say that his illness isn’t life-threatening. 医生说他的病不会危及生命。terminal (=causing death eventually, and not possible to cure) 晚期的，不治的At that point the illness was thought to be terminal. 到了那个阶段这病被认为已无法治好了。incurable (=not possible to cure) 不治的，治不好的nThe films tells the sad story of a young boy with an incurable illness.acute (=becoming serious very quickly) 急性的nA lot of illnesses can be either acute or chronic.chronic (=that lasts a long time, and cannot be cured) 慢性的nDiabetes is an example of a chronic illness.a long/short illness 长期/短期疾病She nursed him through his long illness. 他久病期间她一直照顾他。nArthur died following a short illness.a debilitating illness (=that makes you very weak) 使人虚弱的疾病nHis last years were ruined by a debilitating illness.a childhood illness 儿童期的疾病nMeasles is a common childhood illness.a mental/psychiatric illness 精神病nWe provide specialist care for young people with mental illnesses.phrasesthe symptoms of an illness 症状Symptoms of the illness include vomiting and severe headaches. 这种病的症状包括呕吐和剧烈头痛。a period of illness 患病期间nHe returned to work after a period of illness.COMMON ERRORS ► Don’t say ‘a heavy illness’. Say a serious illness or a severe illness. 不要说 ‘a heavy illness’. 而要说 a serious illness 或 a severe illness. THESAURUSillness something wrong with your health which makes you feel ill 病，疾病Her husband was in hospital for six months with a serious illness. 她丈夫因患重病在医院待了六个月。disease a particular illness, especially one that spreads to other people easily or that affects one part of your body 〔尤指会传染或影响身体某部位的〕疾病childhood diseases such as measles and chickenpox 麻疹和水痘这类小儿疾病heart disease 心脏病infection an illness that is caused by bacteria or a virus 〔由细菌或病毒引起的〕感染His cough got worse and worse and became a chest infection. 他咳嗽得越来越厉害，最后演变为肺部感染。condition a health problem that affects you permanently or for a long time 〔永久或长期的〕疾病a medical condition such as asthma 哮喘等疾病a heart condition 心脏病problem [usually after a noun] something that is wrong with a particular part of your body or your health in general 〔身体某部位或整体健康状况方面的〕疾病a serious back problem 很严重的背部疾病health problems 健康问题trouble [singular, only after a noun] illness or pain that affects a particular part of your body 〔身体某部位的〕疾病；疼痛I’ve had a bit of stomach trouble. 我的胃有点毛病。disorder formal an illness that prevents a particular organ of your body from working properly, or affects the way you behave 〔某器官的〕疾病；失调a liver disorder 肝病a blood disorder 血液病Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder. 神经性厌食症是一种饮食失调病。an illness that is not very serious 不很严重的病bug informal an illness that spreads to other people very easily but that is not very serious 〔很容易传染但不严重的〕小病There’s a bug going round at school and a lot of the children are absent. 学校里出现了一种传染病，很多小孩没来上学。a flu bug 流感complaint medical an illness that affects a particular part of your body, especially one that is not very serious – used by doctors 疾病〔尤指不很严重的病，医生用语〕a minor skin complaint 轻微的皮肤病Deakin suffers from a back complaint called arachnoiditis. 迪金患上一种名为蛛网膜炎的背部疾病。ailment /ˈeɪlmənt/ formal an illness that affects a particular part of your body, especially one that is not serious 疾病，小病People often go to their doctor about relatively minor ailments. 有小毛病的话人们一般都去看家庭医生。The ointment is used to treat ailments such as small wounds and insect bites. 这种药膏用于治疗虫咬等小伤小病。the general state of being ill 一般性的生病情况illness the general state of being ill 患病〔状态〕Stress is emerging today as a major cause of illness. 如今压力已成为诱发疾病的主要因素。sickness the state of being ill, especially when it stops you working 患病〔尤导致不能上班〕absence from work due to sickness 因病缺勤ill health formal the state of being ill, usually for a long period of time 〔通常指长期的〕健康状况不佳Research shows that there is a link between air pollution and ill health. 研究表明空气污染与健康状况不佳有关联。
Examples from the Corpus
illness• Most childhood illnesses can now be easily prevented.• He himself was thin and pale from illness, and was lying on the bed, wrapped in an old coat.• Our hospitals would be empty if we tried to discriminate between self-induced or even partially self-induced illnesses, and naturally developed diseases.• She died yesterday after a long illness.• About 30 percent of people with a mental illness also are drug or alcohol abusers, the audit said.• His preparation to be a deacon was disturbed by a death and by mental illness.• People are often too embarrassed to admit that they have suffered from any form of mental illness.• mental illness• Minor illnesses such as colds are usually best left to get better by themselves.• Most illnesses and infections are easier to treat if they are diagnosed early.• You are allowed time off work only in cases of serious illness or bereavement.• People whose disabilities begin with severe illness or injury find themselves in medical hands whether they like it or not.• Should doctors always tell patients that they have terminal illnesses such as cancer?• Experiments involve a spurious association between the novel food and the illness which is usually induced chemically or by X-rays.• Doctors believe he may have contracted the illness while he was in Africa.• 80% of patients now recover completely from this illness and are able to lead perfectly normal lives.ill·ness noun →COLLOCATIONS1 →THESAURUS1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
mind, or body the Corpus a disease of
illness
ill‧ness S3 W3 /ˈɪlnəs, ˈɪlnɪs/
noun [uncountable and countable]
a disease of the body or mind, or the condition of being ill:
She had all the normal childhood illnesses.
Her mother was recovering from a serious illness.
I’ve never missed a day’s work through illness.
ways to improve your health and reduce the risk of illness
⇨ disease
■ verbs
▪have an illness When did you first find out that you had the illness?
▪suffer from an illness She suffers from a rare illness.
▪get/develop an illness She developed the illness when she was in her 50s.
▪contract an illness formal (=get an illness by catching it from another person) He contracted the illness while he was working abroad.
▪recover from an illness It took several months for him to recover from his illness.
▪be diagnosed with an illness (=be found by doctors to have an illness) Her husband had just been diagnosed with a terminal illness.
▪cause/lead to illness Inadequate hygiene can lead to illness.
▪prevent illness Vaccines have been successful in preventing illness.
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + illness
▪serious/severe His illness is more severe than the doctors first thought.
▪minor (=not serious) He suffered a succession of minor illnesses.
▪fatal (=causing death quite quickly) She developed a fatal illness.
▪life-threatening (=likely to cause death) Doctors say that his illness isn’t life-threatening.
▪terminal (=causing death eventually, and not possible to cure) At that point the illness was thought to be terminal.
▪incurable (=not possible to cure) The films tells the sad story of a young boy with an incurable illness.
▪acute (=becoming serious very quickly) A lot of illnesses can be either acute or chronic.
▪chronic (=that lasts a long time, and cannot be cured) Diabetes is an example of a chronic illness.
▪a long/short illness She nursed him through his long illness. | Arthur died following a short illness.
▪a debilitating illness (=that makes you very weak) His last years were ruined by a debilitating illness.
▪a childhood illness Measles is a common childhood illness.
▪a mental/psychiatric illness We provide specialist care for young people with mental illnesses.
■ phrases
▪the symptoms of an illness Symptoms of the illness include vomiting and severe headaches.
▪a period of illness He returned to work after a period of illness.
■ COMMON ERRORS
► Do not say 'a heavy illness'. Say a serious illness or a severe illness.
▪ illness something wrong with your health which makes you feel ill: Her husband was in hospital for six months with a serious illness.
▪disease a particular illness, especially one that spreads to other people easily or that affects one part of your body: childhood diseases such as measles and chickenpox | heart disease
▪infection an illness that is caused by bacteria or a virus: His cough got worse and worse and became a chest infection.
▪condition a health problem that affects you permanently or for a long time: a medical condition such as asthma | a heart condition
▪problem [usually after a noun] something that is wrong with a particular part of your body or your health in general: a serious back problem | health problems
▪trouble [singular, only after a noun] illness or pain that affects a particular part of your body: I’ve had a bit of stomach trouble.
▪disorder formal an illness that prevents a particular organ of your body from working properly, or affects the way you behave: a liver disorder | a blood disorder | Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder.
■ an illness that is not very serious
▪bug informal an illness that spreads to other people very easily but that is not very serious: There’s a bug going round at school and a lot of the children are absent. | a flu bug
▪complaint medical an illness that affects a particular part of your body, especially one that is not very serious – used by doctors: a minor skin complaint | Deakin suffers from a back complaint called arachnoiditis.
▪ailment /ˈeɪlmənt/ formal an illness that affects a particular part of your body, especially one that is not serious: People often go to their doctor about relatively minor ailments. | The ointment is used to treat ailments such as small wounds and insect bites.
■ the general state of being ill
▪illness the general state of being ill: Stress is emerging today as a major cause of illness.
▪sickness the state of being ill, especially when it stops you working: absence from work due to sickness
▪ill health formal the state of being ill, usually for a long period of time: Research shows that there is a link between air pollution and ill health.
ill‧ness S3 W3 /ˈɪlnəs, ˈɪlnɪs/
noun [uncountable and countable]a disease of the body or mind, or the condition of being ill:
⇨ disease
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illness the state of being physically or mentally ill 指身体或精神上的疾病 sickness illness; bad health 指疾病、不健康 ：◆ I recommend you get insurance against sickness and unemployment. 我建议你办个疾病和失业保险。
illness or sickness? 用 illness 还是 sickness？
ill health ( the state of being physically ill or having lots of health problemsrather
指健康状况不佳 ：◆ She resigned because of ill health. 她因健康状况不佳而辞职。 NOTE Ill health often lasts a long period of time.* ill health 常持续较长时间。 trouble illness or pain 指疾病、疼痛 ：◆ heart trouble 心脏病 NOTE Whentrouble is used with this meaning, it is necessary to say which part of the body is affected.* trouble 用于此义时须说明疾病或疼痛所在的身体部位。
Patterns
chronic illness/sickness/ill healthto suffer from illness/sickness/ill health/heart, etc. trouble
disease a medical problem affecting humans, animals or plants, often caused by infection 常指人、动植物感染的病、疾病 ：◆ He suffers from a rare blood disease. 他患有一种罕见的血液病。 illness a medical problem, or a period of suffering from one 指病、疾病或患病期 ：◆ She died after a long illness. 她久病不愈而亡。
disease or illness? 用 disease 还是 illness？
disorder ( an illness that causes a part of the body to stop functioning correctlyrather
指失调、紊乱、不适、疾病 ：◆ a rare disorder of the liver 一种罕见的肝病 NOTE Adisorder is generally not infectious.Disorder is used most frequently with words relating to mental problems, for examplepsychiatric ,personality ,mental andeating . When it is used to talk about physical problems, it is most often used withblood ,bowel andkidney , and these are commonlyserious ,severe orrare .* disorder 一般不传染，多与有关精神问题的词连用，如 psychiatric/personality/mental/eating disorder（精神错乱；人格障碍；精神紊乱；进食障碍）。谈到身体方面的问题常与下列词连用，如 blood/bowel/kidney disorder（血液病；肠道失调；肾脏疾病），这些疾病一般用 serious、severe 或 rare 等词修饰。 infection an illness that is caused by bacteria or a virus and that affects one part of the body 指由细菌或病毒引起的身体某部位的感染或传染疾病 ：◆ a throat infection 喉部感染 condition a medical problem that you have for a long time because it is not possible to cure it 指因不可治愈而长期患有的疾病 ：◆ a heart condition 心脏病 ailment ( an illness that is not very seriousrather
指轻病、小恙 ：◆ childhood ailments 儿童期小病 bug ( an infectious illness that is usually fairly mild指轻微的传染病、小病 ：◆ a nasty flu bug 严重的流感
Patterns
to have/suffer from a(n) disease/illness/disorder/infection/condition/ailment/bugto catch/contract/get/pick up a(n) disease/illness/infection/bug
Becoming ill 生病
catch a cold/an infectious disease/the flu/( flu/pneumonia/a virus/BrE ( a bug染上感冒／传染病／流感／肺炎／病毒／小毛病 get ( ill/BrE ( sick/a disease/AIDS/breast cancer/a cold/the flu/NAmE ( flu/a migraineBrE 患病／艾滋病／乳腺癌／感冒／流感／偏头痛 come down with a cold/the flu/( fluBrE 得了感冒／流感 contract a deadly disease/a serious illness/HIV/AIDS感染致命疾病／严重疾病／艾滋病病毒／艾滋病 be infected with a virus/a parasite/HIV受病毒／寄生虫／艾滋病病毒感染 develop cancer/diabetes/a rash/an ulcer/symptoms of hepatitis患上癌症／糖尿病／皮疹／溃疡；出现肝炎症状 have a heart attack/a stroke心脏病／中风发作 provoke/trigger/produce an allergic reaction引起／产生过敏反应 block/burst/rupture a blood vessel使血管阻塞／破裂 damage/sever a nerve/an artery/a tendon损伤／切断神经／动脉／肌腱
Being ill 病了
feel ( ill/sick/nauseous/queasyBrE 感到不适／想吐／恶心 be running ( a temperature/BrE ( a feverNAmE 发烧 have a head cold/diabetes/heart disease/lung cancer/a headache/( a high temperature/BrE ( a feverNAmE 患伤风感冒／糖尿病／心脏病／肺癌；头痛；发烧 suffer from asthma/malnutrition/frequent headaches/bouts of depression/a mental disorder患哮喘／营养不良症／经常性头痛／多发性抑郁症／精神错乱 be laid up with/ ( BrE be in bed with a cold/the flu/( flu/a migraineBrE 因感冒／流感／偏头痛而卧床休息 nurse a cold/a headache/a hangover调治感冒／头痛／宿醉 battle/fight cancer/depression/addiction/alcoholism与癌症／抑郁症作斗争；戒瘾；戒酒
Treatments 治疗
examine a patient给病人做检查 diagnose a condition/disease/disorder诊断疾病 be diagnosed with cancer/diabetes/schizophrenia诊断为癌症／糖尿病／精神分裂症 prescribe/be given/be on/take drugs/medicine/medication/pills/painkillers/antibiotics开／得到／服用药／药片／止痛药／抗生素 treat sb for cancer/depression/shock治疗某人的癌症／抑郁症／休克 have/undergo an examination/an operation/surgery/a kidney transplant/therapy/chemotherapy/treatment for cancer接受检查／手术／外科手术／肾移植手术／治疗／化疗／癌症治疗 have/be given an injection/( a flu jab/BrE ( a flu shot/a blood transfusion/a scan/an X-rayNAmE 打针；接种流感疫苗；接受输血；做扫描检查；照 X 光 cure a disease/an ailment/cancer/a headache/a patient治疗疾病／病痛／癌症／头痛／病人 prevent the spread of disease/further outbreaks/damage to the lungs防止疾病扩散／疾病进一步爆发／对肺部造成伤害 be vaccinated against the flu/( flu/the measles/BrE ( measles/polio/smallpoxBrE 接种流感／麻疹／小儿麻痹症／天花疫苗 enhance/boost/confer/build immunity to a disease增加对疾病的免疫力