industry
Word family
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++in·dus·try /ˈɪndəstri/ ●●● S2 W1 noun (plural industries) 1 [uncountable]TI a) the large-scale production of goods or of substances such as coal and steel 工业，制造业 This type of software is widely used in industry. 这种软件广泛应用于工业。 workers in manufacturing industry 制造业工人 b) TIthe people who work in industry 工业从业人员 an agreement that will be welcomed by both sides of industry (=employers and workers) 将受到劳资双方欢迎的协定2 [countable]TI businesses that produce a particular type of thing or provide a particular service 〔某一〕行业 I work in the oil industry. 我在石油行业工作。 Italy’s thriving tourist industry 意大利蓬勃发展的旅游业3 [uncountable] formal the fact of working hard 勤劳，勤奋 Gould is a man of great industry. 古尔德是一个很勤劳的人。4 [singular]BWORK THAT somebody DOES an area of work which has grown too large – used to show disapproval 范围，领域，界〔指规模过大，含贬义〕 another book from the Shakespeare industry 庞杂的莎士比亚研究领域的又一部专著 COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1 & 2ADJECTIVES/NOUN + industryan important/major industry 重要/主要产业Agriculture is still a major industry in Scotland. 在苏格兰农业仍是主要产业。a thriving industry (=one that is doing very well) 兴盛的行业Software development soon became a thriving industry in the area. 软件开发很快成了该地区兴旺的行业。a growing industry 增长的行业Tourism is a growing industry in many parts of the developing world. 旅游业是许多发展中国家迅速增长的行业。a declining industry (=one that is doing badly) 衰落的行业Coal and steel are declining industries in Britain. 英国的煤炭业和炼钢业在走下坡路。manufacturing industry (=industries in which goods are produced in factories) 制造业The last twenty years has seen a decline in manufacturing industry. 制造业在过去的20年里衰退了。a service industry (=businesses that provide a service, such as banking and tourism) 服务行业Most of the new jobs are in service industries. 新的工作岗位大部分都在服务行业。heavy industry (=industries that involve the production of large goods) 重工业Shipbuilding and other heavy industry developed in the north of Britain. 造船及其他重工业在英国北部发展起来。light industry (=industries that involve the production of small goods) 轻工业Jobs in light industry are increasing. 轻工业的工作岗位在增加。modern industry 现代工业Modern industry needs to be in places where there are good transport links. 现代工业需要地处交通便捷的地方。a traditional industry (=an industry that has been in a particular area for a long time) 传统工业The shipyards, the traditional industry in the northeast, had closed. 这些属于东北部传统工业的造船厂关闭了。the coal/car/textile etc industry 煤炭工业/汽车工业/纺织工业等The town was very dependant on the car industry. 该城镇很依赖汽车工业。the agricultural/fishing industry 农业/渔业nThere has been a decline in Britain’s fishing industry.the tourist/travel industry 旅游业nThe tourist industry earns billions of dollars per year.the leisure/entertainment industry 休闲产业/娱乐业nComputer technology has revolutionized the entertainment industry.the film/music industry (=the work of producing films or music) 电影业/音乐产业nShe would really like to work in the music industry.verbsan industry grows/expands 行业发展The clothing industry grew rapidly during the 1960s. 世纪60年代制衣业快速发展。an industry declines (=becomes less successful) 行业衰落The shipping industry declined after World War II. 第二次世界大战后航运业衰落了。develop an industry 发展某一行业More investment is needed to develop new industries such as tourism. 发展诸如旅游业等新兴产业需要更多的投资。damage an industry 损害某一行业Financial scandals have damaged the industry in recent years. 近年来财务丑闻损害了这一行业。nationalize an industry (=make it owned by the state) 将某行业国有化nThe rail industry was nationalized in the 1950s, with disastrous results.privatize an industry (=make it privately owned, rather than owned by the state) 将某行业私有化nThe water industry was privatized in the 1980s.regulate an industry (=control an industry so that it does not make unfair profits) 监管某行业nA new agency was created to regulate the telecommunications industry.industry + NOUNan industry leader (=one of the most successful companies in a particular industry) 行业领头羊，行业领头企业We are now a mature company and an industry leader. 我们现在是一家成熟的公司和行业领头羊。industry experts (=people who know a lot about a particular industry) 行业专家nIndustry experts expect house prices to rise.industry analysts (=people who study a particular industry to see how it is developing) 行业分析师nIndustry analysts are expecting profits to improve in the second half of the year.phrasesa captain of industry (=someone who runs a large company and has a lot of influence) 业界巨头He rose to be a great captain of industry. 他成为了不起的业界巨头。trade and industry (=producing goods, and buying and selling them) 贸易和工业He works for the Department of Trade and Industry. 他在工业与贸易署工作。Examples from the Corpus
industry• the airline industry• Wages in the clothing industry were found to be lower than in any other sector.• Government money was poured into the economy in order to encourage industry.• The Ruhr valley has always been the centre of German heavy industry.• She was looking for a management position in industry.• The chemicals are widely used in industry as refrigerants.• Ireland is now a European center for light industry, like computer assembly.• Manufacturing industry was virtually wiped out in the UK during the 1980s.• The region has tried to attract new industry in order to reduce unemployment.• She has demonstrated a great deal of industry in finishing the project on time.• The government encourages the development of industry with tax breaks.• Many people moved from Asia to work in the British textile industry, where jobs were plentiful.• Miami's tourist industryFrom Longman Business Dictionaryindustryin‧dus‧try /ˈɪndəstri/ noun (plural industries)1[uncountable]MANUFACTURING the production of RAW MATERIALs (=basic materials used in manufacturing) and of goodsGrowth in productivity has dropped, and the competitiveness of industry has declined.2[uncountable] the people and organizations that work in industryan agreement that will be welcomed by both sides of industry (=employers and workers).3[countable]MANUFACTURINGCOMMERCEECONOMICS business that produce a particular type of thing or provide a particular serviceHe joined ICI after working in the retailing and banking industries.the aircraft industrythe oil industry → basic industry → capital-intensive industry → cottage industry → declining industry → essential industry → extractive industry → growth industry → heavy industry → heritage industry → high-tech industry → infant industry → knowledge industry → labour-intensive industry → leisure industry → light industry → low-tech industry → manufacturing industry → mature industry → primary industry → regulated industry → secondary industry → service industry → smokestack industry → strategic industry → sunrise industry → sunset industry → tertiary industryOrigin industry (1400-1500) Old French industrie “skill, work involving skill”, from Latin industria “willingness to work hard”in·dus·try noun →COLLOCATIONS1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
substances the or Business large-scale Corpus of of goods production
industry
in‧dus‧try S2 W1 /ˈɪndəstri/
noun (plural industries)
a. the large-scale production of goods or of substances such as coal and steel:
This type of software is widely used in industry.
workers in manufacturing industry
b. the people who work in industry:
an agreement that will be welcomed by both sides of industry (=employers and workers)
2. [countable] businesses that produce a particular type of thing or provide a particular service:
I work in the oil industry.
Italy’s thriving tourist industry
3. [uncountable] formal the fact of working hard:
Gould is a man of great industry.
4. [singular] an area of work which has grown too large – used to show disapproval:
another book from the Shakespeare industry
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + industry
▪an important/major industry Agriculture is still a major industry in Scotland.
▪a thriving industry (=one that is doing very well) Software development soon became a thriving industry in the area.
▪a growing industry Tourism is a growing industry in the many parts of the developing world.
▪a declining industry (=one that is doing badly) Coal and steel are declining industries in Britain.
▪manufacturing industry (=industries in which goods are produced in factories) The last twenty years has seen a decline in manufacturing industry.
▪a service industry (=businesses that provide a service, such as banking and tourism) Most of the new jobs are in service industries.
▪heavy industry (=industries that involve the production of large goods) Shipbuilding and other heavy industry developed in the North of Britain.
▪light industry (=industries that involve the production of small goods) Jobs in light industry are increasing.
▪modern industry Modern industry needs to be in places where there are good transport links.
▪a traditional industry (=an industry that has been in a particular area for a long time ) The shipyards, the traditional industry in the north east, had closed.
▪the coal/car/textile etc industry The town was very dependant on the car industry.
▪the agricultural/fishing industry There has been a decline in Britain’s fishing industry.
▪the tourist/travel industry The tourist industry earns billions of dollars per year.
▪the leisure/entertainment industry Computer technology has revolutionized the entertainment industry.
▪the film/music industry (=the work of producing films or music) She would really like to work in the music industry.
■ verbs
▪an industry grows/expands The clothing industry grew rapidly during the 1960s.
▪an industry declines (=becomes less successful) The shipping industry declined after World War II.
▪develop an industry More investment is needed to develop new industries such as tourism.
▪damage an industry Financial scandals have damaged the industry in recent years.
▪nationalize an industry (=make it owned by the state) The rail industry was nationalized in the 1950s, with disastrous results.
▪privatize an industry (=make it privately owned, rather than owned by the state) The water industry was privatized in the 1980s.
▪regulate an industry (=control an industry so that it does not make unfair profits) A new agency was created to regulate the telecommunications industry.
■ industry + NOUN
▪an industry leader (=one of the most successful companies in a particular industry) We are now a mature company and an industry leader.
▪industry experts (=people who know a lot about a particular industry) Industry experts expect house prices to rise.
▪industry analysts (=people who study a particular industry to see how it is developing) Industry analysts are expecting profits to improve in the second half of the year.
■ phrases
▪a captain of industry (=someone who runs a large company and has a lot of influence) He rose to be a great captain of industry.
▪trade and industry (=producing goods, and buying and selling them) He works for the Department of Trade and Industry.
in‧dus‧try S2 W1 /ˈɪndəstri/
noun (plural industries) Word Family: noun: industrialist, industrialism, industrialization, industry; adjective: industrial, industrialized, industrious; adverb: industrially, industriously; verb: industrialize
Date: 1400-1500
Language: Old French
Origin: industrie 'skill, work involving skill', from Latin industria 'willingness to work hard'
1. [uncountable]Language: Old French
Origin: industrie 'skill, work involving skill', from Latin industria 'willingness to work hard'
a. the large-scale production of goods or of substances such as coal and steel:
b. the people who work in industry:
2. [countable] businesses that produce a particular type of thing or provide a particular service:
3. [uncountable] formal the fact of working hard:
4. [singular] an area of work which has grown too large – used to show disapproval:
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Managing the economy 管理经济
handle/run/manage the economy管理经济 boost investment/spending/employment/growth促进投资／支出／就业／增长速度 stimulate demand/the economy/industry刺激需求／经济／工业 cut/reduce investment/spending/borrowing削减投资／支出／借贷 reduce/curb/control/keep down inflation减少／遏制通货膨胀 create/fuel growth/demand/a boom/a bubble创造／刺激增长／需求／繁荣／泡沫 encourage/foster/promote/stimulate/stifle innovation/competition鼓励／促进／刺激／抑制创新／竞争 encourage/work with/compete with the private sector鼓励私营部门；与私营部门合作／竞争 increase/boost/promote US/agricultural exports增加／促进美国／农业出口 ban/restrict/block cheap/foreign imports禁止／限制／阻止廉价／国外进口产品 the economy grows/expands/shrinks/contracts/slows (down)/recovers/improves/is booming 经济增长／扩张／收缩／萎缩／放缓／复苏／改善／繁荣 enjoy an economic/housing/property boom享受经济／住房／房地产的繁荣期
Economic problems 经济问题
push up/drive up prices/costs/inflation抬高价格／成本；加剧通货膨胀 damage/hurt/destroy industry/the economy破坏工业／经济 cause/lead to/go into/avoid/escape recession引起／导致／进入／避开经济衰退 experience/suffer a recession/downturn经历／遭受经济衰退 fight/combat inflation/deflation/unemployment抵抗通货膨胀／通货紧缩／失业 cause/create inflation/poverty/unemployment导致／造成通货膨胀／贫穷／失业 create/burst a housing/stock market bubble造成／引爆住房／股票市场泡沫 cause/trigger a stock market crash/the collapse of the banking system引起股市崩盘／银行系统崩溃 face/be plunged into a financial/an economic crisis面临／陷入财政／经济危机 be caught in/experience cycles of boom and bust陷入／经历周期性繁荣与萧条
Public finance 公共财政
cut/reduce/slash/increase/double the defence/( defense/education/aid budgetespecially
削减／大幅削减／增加／加倍国防／教育／援助预算 increase/boost/slash/cut public spending增加／大幅削减／削减公共支出 increase/put up/raise/cut/lower/reduce taxes提高／降低税收 raise/cut/lower/reduce interest rates提高／降低利率 ease/loosen/tighten monetary policy放宽／收紧货币政策 balance the (state/federal) budget平衡（州／联邦）预算 achieve/maintain a balanced budget达到／保持预算平衡 run a ($4 trillion) budget deficit/surplus有（4 万亿美元的）预算赤字／盈余