infection

Word family

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++朗文当代英语 5++LDOCE 5++朗文 5++

Related topics: Illness & disability, Hospital

in·fec·tion /ɪnˈfekʃən/ W3 noun 1 [countable]MIMH a disease that affects a particular part of your body and is caused by bacteria or a virus 感染；传染病 The baby had an ear infection. 宝宝耳朵感染了。infection of/in an infection of the bladder 膀胱感染► see thesaurus at illness2 MI[uncountable] when someone is infected by a disease 感染；传染 Always sterilize the needle to prevent infection. 注射针头每次都要消毒，以防感染。 COLLOCATIONSverbshave an infection 受感染I think you’ve got an infection, so you need to rest. 我认为你已被感染，因此需要休息。suffer from an infection 患上感染[传染病]He was suffering from an infection of the lungs. 他患上了肺部感染。get/develop an infection 受感染She got a nasty throat infection which meant she couldn’t sing. 她喉部严重感染，这意味着她不能唱歌了。treat an infection 治疗感染Antibiotics are used to treat the infection. 抗生素被用来治疗这种感染。fight/combat an infection 抵御传染A new drug is being developed to combat the infection. 正在研制一种新药来抵御传染。spread an infection (also transmit an infection formal) 传播传染病Pregnant women can transmit the infection to their unborn child. 孕妇会把这种疾病传染给胎儿。an infection spreads 感染扩散The infection spread to her chest. 感染扩散到她的胸部。an infection clears up (=goes away) 感染消失nAlthough the infection cleared up, he still felt weak.be exposed to an infection 暴露于易受感染的环境nHe was exposed to the infection while he was travelling in India.ADJECTIVES/NOUN + infectionserious/severe 严重的He was admitted to hospital with a serious infection. 他因严重感染进了医院。slight/minor (=not serious) 轻度的She’s suffering from a slight infection. 她受了轻度感染。nasty informal (=a serious infection) 严重的He’s got a really nasty infection. 他受了很严重的感染。acute medical (=a serious infection that develops suddenly) 急性的The disease usually occurs as an acute infection of the throat. 这种病的症状是喉部急性感染。an ear/eye infection 耳部/眼部感染She was given antibiotics for an ear infection. 医生给她开了抗生素治疗耳部感染。a chest infection (=an infection in the lungs) 肺部感染nI’ve got a bad cough, but the doctor says it isn’t a chest infection.a throat/kidney etc infection 喉部/肾脏等感染nHe developed a severe throat infection.a bacterial/viral/fungal infection (=caused by bacteria, a virus, or a fungus) 细菌/病毒/真菌引起的感染nAntibiotics are not effective against viral infections.a secondary infection medical (=an additional infection that happens as a result of the main illness) 继发感染nOften, scratching the skin because it is itchy results in secondary infection.phrasesthe source of an infection 传染源Doctors are trying to locate the source of the infection. 医生在设法找出传染源。

Examples from the Corpus

infection• If you don't clean the wound properly you could get an infection.• Diseases and infections were spread through poor sanitary conditions and efforts were slowly made to combat this.• I then got a bad infection in my left eye which my doctor suggested was due to the contact lens.• Men have brought infection home to their wives, and the disease has penetrated the entire society.• The principal clinical signs in heavy infections are rapid weight loss and diarrhoea.• Maternal infection can result in fetal infection and damage and is estimated to occur in 0-1-0-5% of pregnancies in the United Kingdom.• The antibiotic ointment will prevent infection.• If the infection is unchecked, peritonitis may follow and gonorrhoea becomes a life-threatening emergency.• Rheumatic fever as a child, so the infection settled there, on the weakest spot.• Roz was suffering from a throat infection and could hardly talk.• Secondly they act on E coli, bacteria responsible for the vast majority of urine infections.

in·fec·tion noun →COLLOCATIONS1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable

Corpus disease affects a a that particular

infection
in‧fec‧tion W3 /ɪnˈfekʃən/

noun

Word Family: noun: infection, disinfectant; adjective: infectious, infected; verb: infect ≠ disinfect; adverb: infectiously

1. [countable] a disease that affects a particular part of your body and is caused by bacteria or a virus:

The baby had an ear infection.
infection of/in

an infection of the bladder
2. [uncountable] when someone is infected by a disease:

Always sterilize the needle to prevent infection.

COLLOCATIONS

■ verbs
   ▪ have an infection I think you’ve got an infection, so you need to rest.
   ▪ suffer from an infection He was suffering from an infection of the lungs.
   ▪ get/develop an infection She got a nasty throat infection which meant she couldn’t sing.
   ▪ treat an infection Antibiotics are used to treat the infection.
   ▪ fight/combat an infection A new drug is being developed to combat the infection.
   ▪ spread an infection (also transmit an infection formal) Pregnant women can transmit the infection to their unborn child.
   ▪ an infection spreads The infection spread to her chest.
   ▪ an infection clears up (=goes away) Although the infection cleared up, he still felt weak.
   ▪ be exposed to an infection He was exposed to the infection while he was travelling in India.
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + infection
   ▪ serious/severe He was admitted to hospital with a serious infection.
   ▪ slight/minor (=not serious) She’s suffering from a slight infection.
   ▪ nasty informal (=a serious infection) He’s got a really nasty infection.
   ▪ acute medical (=a serious infection that develops suddenly) The disease usually occurs as an acute infection of the throat.
   ▪ an ear/eye infection She was given antibiotics for an ear infection.
   ▪ a chest infection (=an infection in the lungs) I’ve got a bad cough, but the doctor says it isn’t a chest infection.
   ▪ a throat/kidney etc infection He developed a severe throat infection.
   ▪ a bacterial/viral/fungal infection (=caused by bacteria, a virus, or a fungus) Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections.
   ▪ a secondary infection medical (=an additional infection that happens as a result of the main illness) Often, scratching the skin because it is itchy results in secondary infection.
■ phrases
   ▪ the source of an infection Doctors are trying to locate the source of the infection.

THESAURUS

   ▪ illness something wrong with your health which makes you feel ill: Her husband was in hospital for six months with a serious illness.
   ▪ disease a particular illness, especially one that spreads to other people easily or that affects one part of your body: childhood diseases such as measles and chickenpox | heart disease
   ▪ infection an illness that is caused by bacteria or a virus: His cough got worse and worse and became a chest infection.
   ▪ condition a health problem that affects you permanently or for a long time: a medical condition such as asthma | a heart condition
   ▪ problem [usually after a noun] something that is wrong with a particular part of your body or your health in general: a serious back problem | health problems
   ▪ trouble [singular, only after a noun] illness or pain that affects a particular part of your body: I’ve had a bit of stomach trouble.
   ▪ disorder formal an illness that prevents a particular organ of your body from working properly, or affects the way you behave: a liver disorder | a blood disorder | Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder.

🔑 in·fec·tion

BrE

/ɪnˈfekʃn/

🔊

NAmE

/ɪnˈfekʃn/

🔊

noun

🔑

[uncountable]

the act or process of causing or getting a disease 传染；感染

◆to be exposed to infection暴露于易受感染的环境

◆to increase the

risk of infection

增加传染的危险

➡ see also

cross-infection

➡ compare

contagion

🔑

[countable]

an illness that is caused by bacteria or a virus and that affects one part of the body （身体某部位的）感染；传染病

◆an

ear/throat, etc. infection

耳部、喉部等感染

◆to spread an infection传染疾病

<titled tranID="34" status="1">disease</titled>illness ◇ disorder ◇ infection ◇ condition ◇ ailment ◇ bug

These are all words for a medical problem. 以上各词均表示健康问题。

disease a medical problem affecting humans, animals or plants, often caused by infection 常指人、动植物感染的病、疾病：◆He suffers from a rare blood disease. 他患有一种罕见的血液病。
illness a medical problem, or a period of suffering from one 指病、疾病或患病期：◆She died after a long illness. 她久病不愈而亡。

disease or illness? 用 disease 还是 illness？

Disease is used to talk about more severe physical medical problems, especially those that affect the organs. Illness is used to talk about both more severe and more minor medical problems, and those that affect mental health. * disease 指较严重的身体疾病，尤其是影响身体器官的疾病。illness 指重病或小病均可，也可指精神上的疾病：◆heart/kidney/liver illness◆mental disease Disease is not used about a period of illness. * disease 不指患病期：◆She died after a long disease.

disorder (rather formal) an illness that causes a part of the body to stop functioning correctly 指失调、紊乱、不适、疾病：◆a rare disorder of the liver 一种罕见的肝病 NOTE A disorder is generally not infectious. Disorder is used most frequently with words relating to mental problems, for example psychiatric, personality, mental and eating. When it is used to talk about physical problems, it is most often used with blood, bowel and kidney, and these are commonly serious, severe or rare. * disorder 一般不传染，多与有关精神问题的词连用，如 psychiatric/personality/mental/eating disorder（精神错乱；人格障碍；精神紊乱；进食障碍）。谈到身体方面的问题常与下列词连用，如 blood/bowel/kidney disorder（血液病；肠道失调；肾脏疾病），这些疾病一般用 serious、severe 或 rare 等词修饰。
infection an illness that is caused by bacteria or a virus and that affects one part of the body 指由细菌或病毒引起的身体某部位的感染或传染疾病：◆a throat infection 喉部感染
condition a medical problem that you have for a long time because it is not possible to cure it 指因不可治愈而长期患有的疾病：◆a heart condition 心脏病
ailment (rather formal) an illness that is not very serious 指轻病、小恙：◆childhood ailments 儿童期小病
bug (informal) an infectious illness that is usually fairly mild 指轻微的传染病、小病：◆a nasty flu bug 严重的流感

Patterns

to have/suffer from a(n) disease/illness/disorder/infection/condition/ailment/bug
to catch/contract/get/pick up a(n) disease/illness/infection/bug

bacteria, disease, epidemic, fever, illness, immunity, infection, spread, vaccinate, virus