law
Word family
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++law /lɔː $ lɒː/ ●●● S1 W1 noun 1 system of rules 规则体系 [uncountable] (also the law)LAW the whole system of rules that people in a particular country or area must obey 法律(体系) Elected officials ought to obey the law. 民选官员理应遵守法律。by law By law, seat belts must be worn by all passengers. 按照法律规定，所有乘客都必须系安全带。under English/international etc law This is illegal under English law. 这违反了英国法律。2 a rule 规则 [countable]RULE/REGULATION a rule that people in a particular country or area must obey 法则，法令 laws passed by Parliament 议会通过的法律under a law Five people arrested under anti-terrorism laws were released without charge. 五名涉嫌违反反恐法被捕的人无罪获释。law on European laws on equal opportunities 欧洲的均等机会法law against The laws against drug use were very strict. 打击吸毒的法律十分严厉。► see thesaurus at rule3 law and order SCCONTROLa situation in which people respect the law, and crime is controlled by the police, the prison system etc 治安，法治 We are concerned about the breakdown of law and order in the country. 我们为国家治安陷入瘫痪而担忧。4 POLICE 警察the law SCPthe police 警方，警察 I think she may be in trouble with the law. 我想她可能惹上警察了。5 NORMALwhat always happens 总是发生的事 [countable] something that always happens in nature or society, or a statement that describes this 规律，定律law of the law of supply and demand 供求定律 the laws of nature 自然规律 the law of gravity 万有引力定律6 study/profession 学业/职业 [uncountable] (also the law) law as a subject of study, or the profession of being a lawyer 法学；律师职业 She’s studying law in London. 她在伦敦攻读法律。7 sport/activity 体育/活动 [countable]RULE/REGULATION one of the rules which controls a sport or activity 运动规则 the laws of football 足球比赛规则8 the law of the jungle a) COMPETE WITH/TRY TO BEATthe idea that people should only look after themselves and not care about other people if they want to succeed 想要成功，莫顾他人 b) COMPETE WITH/TRY TO BEATthe principle that only the strongest creatures will stay alive 丛林法则，弱肉强食法则，优胜劣汰原则9 the law of averages HMSthe probability that one result will happen as often as another if you try something often enough 平均律，均值定理 The law of averages says we’ll win at least once. 从平均律来看，我们至少能赢一次。10 be a law unto himself/herself etc INDEPENDENT PERSONto behave in an independent way and not worry about the usual rules of behaviour or what other people do or think 我行我素，自行其是 Boys his age are a law unto themselves. 他这个年龄的男孩都是我行我素。11 take the law into your own hands PUNISHto do something illegal in order to put right something that you think is not fair, for example by violently punishing someone instead of telling the police 不通过法律擅自处理，用私刑处罚 vigilantes who take the law into their own hands 擅自执法的治安会成员12 go to law TRIALto go to court in order to settle a problem 诉诸法律，提起诉讼13 be above the law someone who is above the law does not have to obey the law 凌驾于法律之上14. there’s no law against something spokenLEGAL used to tell someone who is criticizing you that you are not doing anything wrong 某事又不犯法〔受到批评时说的话〕15 there ought to be a law against something spoken used to say that you do not think something should be accepted or allowed 必须禁止做某事16. somebody’s word is law used to say that someone is always obeyed without argument 某人的话就是法律 → Sod's law, → lay down the law at lay, → unwritten law at unwritten COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1 & 2verbsobey the law 遵守法律Citizens have a duty to obey the law. 公民有义务遵守法律。break the law (=do something illegal) 违反法律Is the company breaking the law? 这家公司违反法律了吗？pass a law 通过法律New Jersey passed a law requiring helmets for scooter riders. 新泽西通过一项法律，规定骑行低座小摩托车的人必须戴好头盔。become law (=officially be made a law) 成为法律For a bill to become law, it must be approved by both Houses of Parliament. 法案经议会两院通过之后才能成为法律。make laws 制定法律nPart of the function of Parliament is to make laws.introduce a law 推行法律nIn 1989, a new law was introduced to protect the Polish language.enforce a law (=make people obey a law) 执行法律nIt is the job of the police to enforce the law.flout a law (=deliberately disobey a law) 藐视法律nEmployers who flout the law should be properly punished.repeal a law (=officially end a law) 废除法律nMany people want the law to be repealed.a law prohibits something (=says that it is not allowed) 法律禁止某事nThe law prohibits possession of these animals.phrasessomething is against the law (=it is illegal) 某事违法The children knew that shoplifting was against the law. 这些孩子知道在商店行窃是违法的。stay/act within the law (=not do illegal things) 依法，守法The security forces must act within the law. 安全部队必须依法行动。ADJECTIVES/NOUN + lawstrict/tough 严厉的/强硬的the country’s strict anti-tobacco laws 该国严厉的禁烟法规tax/copyright/divorce etc law(s) 税法/版权法/离婚法等an accountant who knows about tax law 熟悉税法的会计师criminal law (=laws concerning crimes) 刑法nCriminal law contains definitions of such crimes as murder, rape, and robbery.civil law (=laws concerning disagreements between people, rather than crimes) 民法nThe punishment for breaking civil law is usually a fine.international law (=laws that all countries agree to obey) 国际法nUnder international law, the countries must respect the treaty.English/German etc law 英国/德国等法律This is not an offence under English law. 这违反了英国法律。federal law (=the law of the US, not a particular state) 联邦法律nUnder federal law, it is illegal to discriminate against employees because of race or sex.state law (=the law in a US state) 州法律nUnder state law it was illegal for any public official to receive gifts worth more than $100.common law (=laws that have come from customs and the decisions of judges) 习惯法，普通法nIn common law, if a house is rented out, it is expected that the house is safe to live in.case law (=law based on previous court cases) 判例法，案例法nThere is little case law covering this issue.Examples from the Corpus
law• By law, an advertiser can't use a person's name for commercial purposes without permission.• the economic law of supply and demand• In 1873 French law was imposed in Vietnam.• Both specific and general laws on child prostitution exist.• The current gun laws vary from state to state.• Refugees are accorded special protection under international law• Under the new law, anyone who assists in a suicide faces 10 years in prison.• tough new laws on immigration• She practices law in New York.• The soldiers were brought in to restore law and order after the riots.• Japan has very strict laws against guns and drugs.• Andrew is studying law at Harvard University.• It's against the law to be drunk in public.• I didn't realize I was breaking the law.• FIFA is the organization that runs world football and decides whether any of the laws should be changed.• The law defines drunkenness as a certain percentage of alcohol in the blood.• the law of gravity• the laws of cricket• This law makes it illegal to smoke in public places.under a law• The Mosser and Murray deaths qualify for the federal death penalty under a law passed in August 1994.• The offence was still not covered by any effective punishment under law.• So the child may still have no redress under law.• Revival under Law, 1911-1914 Few contemporaries would have expected Balfour's retirement to lead to a Unionist recovery.• Second, it would ensure that workers enjoyed positive rights under law and reduce the emphasis of union immunities.• Do you feel the tradition of citizenship and the tradition of parliamentary rule under law are incompatible?• So under Law the language of the boardroom became commonplace on the platforms and in the propaganda of the party.From Longman Business Dictionarylawlaw /lɔːlɒː/ noun1[singular, uncountable]LAW the whole system of rules that citizens of a country must obeyIt is against the law (=illegal) for children to work before they are fifteen.There were easy profits for businessmen who were prepared to break the law (=do something illegal).The inheritance tax changes announced in the Budget became law (=were officially made a law).By law (=according to the law) a company like British Gas has to hold a meeting of its shareholders once a year.They make tough business deals, but are always careful to operate within the law (=do only legal things).2[countable]LAW a rule that people in a particular country, city, or local area must obeya new state law, limiting insurance companies’ junk-bond holdings to 20% of assetslaw onlaws on the distribution of tobacco products → see also bylaw3rule of lawLAW when the people in a country obey the lawsThe state was too weak to impose the rule of law.4[uncountable]LAW the study of laws, or the profession of being a lawyerPeter is a law student.Jackson studied law at Oxford University.She’s a partner in a major New York law firm.5[countable] a way in which things happen in an activity such as business, which is thought of as a rule because it seems impossible to changethe law of supply and demand → see also Pareto's LawOrigin law Old English lagulaw noun →10-16
→COLLOCATIONS1LDOCE OnlineChinese
→COLLOCATIONS1LDOCE OnlineChinese
in rules that whole Business system Corpus of the a particular people
Law
Law, Jude /dʒuːd/
(1972–) a British film, theatre, and television actor whose films include The Talented Mr Ripley (1999), Cold Mountain (2003), and Breaking & Entering (2006).
Law, Jude /dʒuːd/
(1972–) a British film, theatre, and television actor whose films include The Talented Mr Ripley (1999), Cold Mountain (2003), and Breaking & Entering (2006).
law
law S1 W1 /lɔː $ lɒː/ noun
Elected officials ought to obey the law.
by law
By law, seat belts must be worn by all passengers.
under English/international etc law
This is illegal under English law.
2. A RULE [countable] a rule that people in a particular country or area must obey:
laws passed by Parliament
under a law
Five people arrested under anti-terrorism laws were released without charge.
law on
European laws on equal opportunities
law against
The laws against drug use were very strict.
3. law and order a situation in which people respect the law, and crime is controlled by the police, the prison system etc:
We are concerned about the breakdown of law and order in the country.
4. POLICE the law the police:
I think she may be in trouble with the law.
5. WHAT ALWAYS HAPPENS [countable] something that always happens in nature or society, or a statement that describes this
law of
the law of supply and demand
the laws of nature
the law of gravity
6. STUDY/PROFESSION [uncountable] (also the law) law as a subject of study, or the profession of being a lawyer:
She’s studying law in London.
7. SPORT/ACTIVITY [countable] one of the rules which controls a sport or activity:
the laws of football
8. the law of the jungle
a. the idea that people should only look after themselves and not care about other people if they want to succeed
b. the principle that only the strongest creatures will stay alive
9. the law of averages the probability that one result will happen as often as another if you try something often enough:
The law of averages says we’ll win at least once.
10. be a law unto himself/herself etc to behave in an independent way and not worry about the usual rules of behaviour or what other people do or think:
Boys his age are a law unto themselves.
11. take the law into your own hands to do something illegal in order to put right something that you think is not fair, for example by violently punishing someone instead of telling the police:
vigilantes who take the law into their own hands
12. go to law to go to court in order to settle a problem:
the right of consumers to go to law if they need to
13. be above the law someone who is above the law does not have to obey the law:
Many ministers seem to regard themselves as being above the law.
14. there’s no law against something spoken used to tell someone who is criticizing you that you are not doing anything wrong
15. there ought to be a law against something spoken used to say that you do not think something should be accepted or allowed:
There ought to be a law against cutting off power supplies in the middle of February.
16. sb’s word is law used to say that someone is always obeyed without argument
⇨ Sod’s law, ⇨ lay down the law at LAY DOWN(3), ⇨ unwritten law at unwritten
■ verbs
▪obey the law Citizens have a duty to obey the law.
▪break the law (=do something illegal) Is the company breaking the law?
▪pass a law New Jersey passed a law requiring helmets for scooter riders.
▪become law (=officially be made a law) For a bill to become law, it must be approved by both Houses of Parliament.
▪make laws Part of the function of Parliament is to make laws.
▪introduce a law In 1989, a new law was introduced to protect the Polish language.
▪enforce a law (=make people obey a law) It is the job of the police to enforce the law.
▪flout a law (=deliberately disobey a law) Employers who flout the law should be properly punished.
▪repeal a law (=officially end a law) Many people want the law to be repealed.
▪a law prohibits something (=says that it is not allowed) The law prohibits possession of these animals.
■ phrases
▪something is against the law (=it is illegal) The children knew that shoplifting was against the law.
▪stay/act within the law (=not do illegal things) The security forces must act within the law.
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + law
▪strict/tough the country’s strict anti-tobacco laws
▪tax/copyright/divorce etc law(s) an accountant who knows about tax law
▪criminal law (=laws concerning crimes) Criminal law contains definitions of such crimes as murder, rape, and robbery.
▪civil law (=laws concerning disagreements between people, rather than crimes) The punishment for breaking civil law is usually a fine.
▪international law (=laws that all countries agree to obey) Under international law, the countries must respect the treaty.
▪English/German etc law This is not an offence under English law.
▪federal law (=the law of the US, not a particular state) Under federal law, it is illegal to discriminate against employees because of race or sex.
▪state law (=the law in a US state) Under state law it was illegal for any public official to receive gifts worth more than $100.
▪common law (=laws that have come from customs and the decisions of judges) In common law, if a house is rented out, it is expected that the house is safe to live in.
▪case law (=law based on previous court cases) There is little case law covering this issue.
▪ rule an instruction that says what people are allowed to do or not allowed to do, for example in a game, school, or company: the rules of baseball | He disobeyed the school rules.
▪law an official rule that everyone in a country, city, or state must obey: It is against the law to carry a concealed weapon. | The law requires motorcyclists to wear helmets.
▪regulation an official rule or order, which is part of a set of rules made by a government or organization: the regulations for applying for a passport | building regulations | environmental regulations on air pollution
▪restriction an official rule that limits what people can do: new restrictions on immigration | The government is planning to impose regulations on the amount of alcohol you can bring into the country.
▪guidelines rules or instructions about the best way to do something: the Department of Health’s guidelines for a healthy diet | guidelines for classroom teachers
▪code a set of rules that people or organizations agree to obey but are not forced to obey: The school has a dress code for its students. | the company’s code of conduct
▪statute formal a law that has been officially approved by a parliament, council etc, and written down: The statute banned corporal punishment.
▪ordinance American English a law, made by a city or town, that forbids or restricts an activity: A local ordinance limited speed in the parks to ten miles an hour.
law S1 W1 /lɔː $ lɒː/
noun Word Family: noun: law, lawyer, outlaw, lawfulness, lawlessness; verb: outlaw; adverb: lawfully ≠ unlawfully; adjective: lawful ≠ unlawful
Language: Old English
Origin: lagu
1. SYSTEM OF RULES [uncountable] (also the law) the whole system of rules that people in a particular country or area must obey:Origin: lagu
by law
under English/international etc law
2. A RULE [countable] a rule that people in a particular country or area must obey:
under a law
law on
law against
3. law and order a situation in which people respect the law, and crime is controlled by the police, the prison system etc:
4. POLICE the law the police:
5. WHAT ALWAYS HAPPENS [countable] something that always happens in nature or society, or a statement that describes this
law of
6. STUDY/PROFESSION [uncountable] (also the law) law as a subject of study, or the profession of being a lawyer:
7. SPORT/ACTIVITY [countable] one of the rules which controls a sport or activity:
8. the law of the jungle
a. the idea that people should only look after themselves and not care about other people if they want to succeed
b. the principle that only the strongest creatures will stay alive
9. the law of averages the probability that one result will happen as often as another if you try something often enough:
10. be a law unto himself/herself etc to behave in an independent way and not worry about the usual rules of behaviour or what other people do or think:
11. take the law into your own hands to do something illegal in order to put right something that you think is not fair, for example by violently punishing someone instead of telling the police:
12. go to law to go to court in order to settle a problem:
13. be above the law someone who is above the law does not have to obey the law:
14. there’s no law against something spoken used to tell someone who is criticizing you that you are not doing anything wrong
15. there ought to be a law against something spoken used to say that you do not think something should be accepted or allowed:
16. sb’s word is law used to say that someone is always obeyed without argument
⇨ Sod’s law, ⇨ lay down the law at LAY DOWN(3), ⇨ unwritten law at unwritten
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Breaking the law 犯法
break/violate/obey/uphold the law违反／违背／遵守／维护法律 be investigated/arrested/tried for a crime/a robbery/fraud因犯罪／抢劫／诈骗而被调查／逮捕／审判 be arrested/ ( especially
NAmE indicted/convicted on charges of rape/fraud/( felony chargesespecially
因被控犯强奸罪／诈骗罪／重型罪遭逮捕／起诉／定罪 be arrested on suspicion of arson/robbery/shoplifting因涉嫌纵火／抢劫／在商店行窃而被逮捕 be accused of/be charged with murder/( homicide/four counts of fraudespecially
NAmE 被指控犯有谋杀罪／杀人罪／四项诈骗罪 face two charges of indecent assault面临两项猥亵罪的指控 admit your guilt/liability/responsibility (for sth)承认（对某事的）罪责／责任 deny the allegations/claims/charges否认指控 confess to a crime坦白罪行 grant/be refused/be released on/skip/jump bail准许／不准保释；交保释金获释；弃保潜逃
The legal process 法律程序
stand/await/bring sb to/come to/be on trial受审；候审；把某人送交法院审判；开庭审理；受到审判 take sb to/come to/settle sth out of court把某人告上法庭；被法庭受理；庭外和解某事 face/avoid/escape prosecution面临／免于／逃脱起诉 seek/retain/have the right to/be denied access to legal counsel寻求／聘请／有权聘用／无权聘用律师 hold/conduct/attend/adjourn a hearing/trial开庭；出庭；休庭 sit on/influence/persuade/convince the jury担任／影响／说服陪审团 sit/stand/appear/be put/place sb in the dock坐在／站在／出现在／被送上／将某人送上被告席 plead guilty/not guilty to a crime认罪；不认罪 be called to/enter ( the witness boxBrE 被召唤进入／进入证人席 take/put sb on the stand/( the witness standNAmE 出庭作证；让某人出庭作证 call/subpoena/question/cross-examine a witness传唤／以传票传唤／讯问／盘问证人 give/hear the evidence against/on behalf of sb提供／听取对某人不利／有利的证据 raise/withdraw/overrule an objection提出／撤销／否决异议 reach a unanimous/majority verdict作出一致的／多数人赞同的裁决 return/deliver/record a verdict of not guilty/unlawful killing/accidental death作出／宣布无罪／非法杀人／意外死亡的裁决 convict/acquit the defendant of the crime宣判被告有罪／无罪 secure a conviction/your acquittal获得有罪／无罪判决 lodge/file an appeal提出上诉 appeal (against)/challenge/uphold/overturn a conviction/verdict对判决／裁决提出上诉／质疑；维持／撤销判决／裁决
Sentencing and punishment 判刑与惩罚
pass sentence on sb宣布对某人的判决 carry/face/serve a seven-year/life sentence会被判处／面临／服七年徒刑／无期徒刑 receive/be given the death penalty被判死刑 be sentenced to ten years (in prison/jail)被判十年（监禁） carry/impose/pay a fine (of $3 000)/a penalty (of 14 years imprisonment)会被判处／处以／缴纳（3 000 美元的）罚金／（14 年的）监禁 be imprisoned/jailed for drug possession/fraud/murder因持有毒品罪／诈骗罪／谋杀罪被监禁 do/serve time/ten years服刑；服十年徒刑 be sent to/put sb in/be released from jail/prison被送进监狱；把某人送进监狱；被释放出狱 be/put sb/spend X years on death row在／把某人关在死囚牢房；在死囚牢房度过…年 be granted/be denied/break (your) parole获准假释；假释遭拒；违反假释规定
often