operation
Word family
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++Hospital, Business basics, Technology, Military, Police, Computers, Illness & disability, Nurses, doctors, etc
op·e·ra·tion /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃən $ ˌɑːp-/ ●●● S1 W1 noun 1 medical 医疗的 [countable]MH the process of cutting into someone’s body to repair or remove a part that is damaged 手术operation on She’s going to need an operation on her ankle. 她需要接受脚踝手术。operation for an operation for cancer 癌症手术operation to do something He had an operation to reduce the swelling in his brain. 他做了个手术以减轻脑部水肿。2 business/organization 企业/机构 [countable]BBBUSINESS a business, company, or organization 企业，公司，机构 The firm set up its own property development operation. 这家商行成立了自己的房地产开发公司。 a microchip manufacturing operation 微芯片生产企业 Nolan and Barnes were both involved in the operation. 诺兰和巴恩斯都参与了公司经营。3 work/activities 工作/活动 [countable, uncountable]BBWORK THAT somebody DOES the work or activities done by a business or organization, or the process of doing this work 经营；业务 Many small businesses fail in the first year of operation. 许多小企业在经营的第一年就倒闭了。 The Education Business Partnership has been in operation since 1989. 教育商业合作组织从1989年起开始运营。4 actions 行动 [countable]DO something/TAKE ACTION a set of planned actions or activities for a particular purpose 〔为了专门目的而组织的〕行动 The UN rescue operation started shortly after dawn. 联合国的救援行动在破晓后不久就开始了。5 machine/system 机器/系统 [uncountable]TWORKING/NOT BROKEN the way the parts of a machine or system work together, or the process of making a machine or system work 运转，运行，操作 The aircraft’s engine operation was normal. 飞机引擎运转正常。in operation Protective clothing must be worn when the machine is in operation. 机器运转时，必须穿着防护服。 The device has a single button, allowing for easy operation. 这个装置只有一个按钮，操作简便。 Careful checks must be made before the factory commences operation. 工厂开始运营之前必须进行仔细检查。 The new investment system came into operation in 1999. 这套新的投资系统于1999年开始运作。6 principle/law/plan etc 原理/定律/计划等 [uncountable]EFFECT/INFLUENCE the way something such as a principle or law works or has an effect 作用，效力in operation a clear example of the law of gravity in operation 万有引力定律产生作用的明显例子come/go into operation (=begin to have an effect) 开始产生作用 The new rule comes into operation on February 1. 新规定于2月1日起生效。put/bring something into operation (=make something start to work) 使某事物开始工作[生效] A scheme is being brought into operation to see how these changes would work. 正在实施一项方案以观察这些变革会产生什么作用。7 military/police action 军事/警方行动 [countable]PMSCP a planned military or police action, especially one that involves a lot of people 〔尤指涉及众多人员的〕军事行动，警方行动 Britain will carry out a joint military operation with the US. 英国将与美国实施联合军事行动。8. computers 计算机 [countable]TD an action done by a computer 〔计算机的〕运算 COLLOCATIONSverbshave an operation (also undergo an operation formal) 接受手术Harris had a hip operation in October. 哈里斯在10月接受了髋部手术。nShe has undergone 50 operations since birth.do/carry out an operation (also perform an operation formal) 施行手术The operation was carried out by a team of surgeons at Papworth Hospital. 手术由帕普沃思医院的一个外科医生小组施行。nI’ve done this operation hundreds of times.recover from an operation 术后恢复nA man is recovering from an emergency operation after his pet dog attacked him.survive an operation 挺过手术nOnly one person has survived an operation to implant an artificial heart.ADJECTIVES/NOUN + operationa knee/heart/stomach etc operation 膝部/心脏/胃部等手术He is almost back to full fitness after a knee operation. 他做过一个膝部手术，现已几乎完全康复。a major/minor operation 大/小手术The unit cares for patients recovering from major operations. 该监护室护理大手术后待恢复的病人。an emergency operation 紧急手术He had to have his spleen removed in an emergency operation. 他不得不接受紧急手术，切除脾脏。a routine operation (=an operation that is often performed) 常规[普通]手术na routine operation to remove an appendixa life-saving operation 挽救生命的手术nThe child underwent a life-saving operation to remove a blockage in her stomach.a transplant operation 移植手术nHe is too weak to undergo a transplant operation.COMMON ERRORS ► Don’t say ‘take an operation’. Say have an operation. 不要说 ‘take an operation’. 而要说 have an operation.Don’t say ‘make an operation’. Say do an operation or perform an operation. 不要说 ‘make an operation’. 而要说 do an operation 或 perform an operation.n THESAURUSoperation noun [countable] the process of cutting into someone’s body to repair or remove a part that is damagedHe had an operation to remove a blood clot from his brain.procedure noun [countable] an operation performed in a particular way on a particular part of the body. Procedure is used especially in medical English, for example by doctors and people who work in hospitals. In everyday English people usually say operationa common surgical procedure The procedure normally only takes a few minutes.transplant noun [countable] an operation to remove an organ from one person’s body and put it into another person’s bodyThere is a shortage of donors for heart transplants.She had to have a kidney transplant. surgery noun [uncountable] medical treatment involving an operationShe required surgery on her right knee.He was taken in for surgery.plastic surgery noun [uncountable] surgery to improve someone’s appearanceThe singer has just had plastic surgery on her nose.bypass noun [countable] an operation to make someone’s blood flow past a part of their heart that is blocked or damaged, often using a vein that has been removed from another part of their bodyHe went into hospital for a triple heart bypass.skin graft an operation to repair an area of skin that has been badly damaged, especially using skin from another part of someone’s bodyHer leg was severely burned and may require a skin graft. Examples from the Corpus
operation• I had an operation on my knee last year.• The doctor says I must have an operation.• Such procedures should aim to ensure efficient operation and the provision of fresh, clean air.• She runs one of the most powerful lobbying operations in Washington.• One such initiative is that presented by the application of advanced expert systems to aircraft maintenance operations.• In a joint U.S.-Mexican operation, police arrested 28 people on charges of drug-smuggling.• The new chip can process millions of operations per second.• These are the lottery's worst results since its first year of operation.• a big rescue operation• As part of the rescue operation it left control of the banks with the minority shareholders.• a profitable data storage operation• He criticised the agency's surveillance operations, and alleged that it was incompetent.• Tell the mechanic to check the operation of the ignition system.• The rules governing the operation of military housing covered 800 pages.• Chris Miller is the operations supervisor for Fast Drains.• Through a second group of functions, government supplements and modifies the operation of the market system.• Ask the surgeon how many times he has performed the operation before, and with what success.• the operation of the laws of gravity• It's not known if the patrol which spotted the stolen car was part of this operation.• a throat operationoperation on• She says she resents critics who blame her operation for all of their problems.• The client identifier should be noted carefully and either the identifier or the title used in all further operations for this client.• The security operation for the protection of delegates involved about 12,000 police.• They will then switch to rack operation for the climb to Monserrat.• His League career ended prematurely last season when he lost three pieces of bone in an operation on his right ankle.• In a relational system, the result of any operation on one or more relations is itself a relation.• Many image-processing computer systems can perform a number of straight forward operations on the displayed image.• Each level relies for its operations on all the levels below it.been in operation• A school pupil boycott had also been in operation since the beginning of the year.• This Republican coup recapitulated a pattern that had been in operation since the beginning of the 1990s.• It has been in operation for 100 years and is proceeding at a very slow rate.• The new prefilter has been in operation for 4 weeks now with no alteration of flow.• An interim ground water removal system has been in operation for several years, removing 7 millions gallons of contaminated water.• Essentially this document brings a process which has been in operation since 1980 into line with the accreditation agreement with the Council.• Had the system been accepted the first commercial power satellite might have been in operation by 2010.• This runs through an existing tunnel, but it has not been in operation since 1970.came into operation• A ceasefire came into operation in May and all serious fighting stopped.• Danzig's first railway connection from Bromberg to the city's Main Gate, came into operation in 1852.• In April 1990 reforms came into operation which addressed the first but not the second elements of concern outlined above.• The system came into operation last week at Cleveland County Council's Middlesbrough headquarters.• Both taxes came into operation at the time when the land and property boom turned into a slump.• The tariff which came into operation in 1880 was a direct response.put/bring something into operation• Concrete modes of putting this into operation were discussed by a commission and put into effect by June 1971.• He began to write down the questions he needed answered in order to put his plan into operation.• The engine is started on petrol, with just enough suction to bring the gasifier into operation.• We put our plan into operation and stopped the car.• So it is with principles identified by evaluation and the techniques which put them into operation.military operation• No member state will have to take part in a military operation if it does not want to.• This is not a military operation.• It had become difficult for him to imagine anything other than a successful outcome to his diplomatic and military operations.• The slaves gathered on August 30,1800, but disbanded because a violent storm and flood made military operations impossible.• After weeks of planning, the first phase of the military operation went well.• The military operation, on April 25,1980, was poorly planned and badly executed.From Longman Business Dictionaryoperationop‧e‧ra‧tion /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃənˌɑː-/ noun1[uncountable] the way the parts of a machine, system etc work together, or the process of making a machine, system etc workthe design and operation of specialized equipment2in/into operationMANUFACTURING if something is in operation, or is put into operation, it is working or is made to start workingThe nuclear plants in operation produce 400,000 megawatts.The new subway lines are scheduled togo into operation at the end of the year.The manufacturer put a $120 million joint venture in Hungaryinto operation last March.3[countable]COMMERCEORGANIZATIONS a business activity or companyIt claimed to be the only European commuter rail operation not supported by public money.4[countable] a part of a large business or company that does a particular activity or type of workIts West European operations have emerged as the biggest profit earners in the entire group.The business has been able to shed its loss-making operations.This move strengthens the company’s retailing operations in the Netherlands.5[countable, uncountable]COMMERCE the process of operating as a businessMany small businesses fail in the first year of operation.The publishing house ceased operations in 1998.The firm is still in operation.6operations [plural]FINANCE a company’s normal activities related to providing services or producing goods, rather than other actions with financial effects, such as selling assetsThe company reported earnings from operations of about 88 cents a share.7[countable]FINANCE the action of buying or selling somethingSYN TRANSACTIONTheir purchase was not the straightforward financial operation they claimed.8come into operation/put something into operation when a law, system, or rule comes into operation, it starts having an effect or being usedThe new rule comes into operation on 1 February.We hope to put the new regulations into operation immediately.9[countable]COMPUTING an action done by a computer or a machineSeveral operations can be carried out by the program at the same time.10[countable] a set of actions, usually involving a large number of people, that are planned to achieve a particular purposea salvage operationThe construction and administration of questionnaires is a highly skilled operation.op·e·ra·tion noun →COLLOCATIONS1 →n THESAURUS1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
the body process someone’s to Corpus of cutting or Business into repair
operation
op‧e‧ra‧tion S1 W1 /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃən $ ˌɑːp-/
noun
operation on
She’s going to need an operation on her ankle.
operation for
an operation for cancer
operation to do something
He had an operation to reduce the swelling in his brain.
2. BUSINESS/ORGANIZATION [countable] a business, company, or organization:
The firm set up its own property development operation.
a microchip manufacturing operation
Nolan and Barnes were both involved in the operation.
3. WORK/ACTIVITIES [uncountable and countable] the work or activities done by a business or organization, or the process of doing this work:
Many small businesses fail in the first year of operation.
The Education Business Partnership has been in operation since 1989.
4. ACTIONS [countable] a set of planned actions or activities for a particular purpose:
The UN rescue operation started shortly after dawn.
5. MACHINE/SYSTEM [uncountable] the way the parts of a machine or system work together, or the process of making a machine or system work:
The aircraft’s engine operation was normal.
in operation
Protective clothing must be worn when the machine is in operation.
The device has a single button, allowing for easy operation.
Careful checks must be made before the factory commences operation.
The new investment system came into operation in 1999.
6. PRINCIPLE/LAW/PLAN ETC [uncountable] the way something such as a principle or law works or has an effect
in operation
a clear example of the law of gravity in operation
come/go into operation (=begin to have an effect)
The new rule comes into operation on February 1.
put/bring something into operation (=make something start to work)
A scheme is being brought into operation to see how these changes would work.
7. MILITARY/POLICE ACTION [countable] a planned military or police action, especially one that involves a lot of people:
Britain will carry out a joint military operation with the US.
8. COMPUTERS [countable] an action done by a computer
■ verbs
▪have an operation (also undergo an operation formal) Harris had a hip operation in October. | She has undergone 50 operations since birth.
▪do/carry out an operation (also perform an operation formal) The operation was carried out by a team of surgeons at Papworth Hospital. | I’ve done this operation hundreds of times.
▪recover from an operation A man is recovering from an emergency operation after his pet dog attacked him.
▪survive an operation Only one person has survived an operation to implant an artificial heart.
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + operation
▪a knee/heart/stomach etc operation He is almost back to full fitness after a knee operation.
▪a major/minor operation The unit cares for patients recovering from major operations.
▪an emergency operation He had to have his spleen removed in an emergency operation.
▪a routine operation (=an operation that is often performed) a routine operation to remove an appendix
▪a life-saving operation The child underwent a life-saving operation to remove a blockage in her stomach.
▪a transplant operation He is too weak to undergo a transplant operation.
■ COMMON ERRORS
► Do not say 'take an operation'. Say have an operation.
Do not say 'make an operation'. Say do an operation or perform an operation.
▪ operation noun [countable] the process of cutting into someone’s body to repair or remove a part that is damaged: He had an operation to remove a blood clot from his brain.
▪procedure noun [countable] an operation performed in a particular way on a particular part of the body. Procedure is used especially in medical English, for example by doctors and people who work in hospitals. In everyday English people usually say operation: a common surgical procedure | The procedure normally only takes a few minutes.
▪transplant noun [countable] an operation to remove an organ from one person’s body and put it into another person’s body: There is a shortage of donors for heart transplants. | She had to have a kidney transplant.
▪surgery noun [uncountable] medical treatment involving an operation: She required surgery on her right knee. | He was taken in for surgery.
▪plastic surgery noun [uncountable] surgery to improve someone’s appearance: The singer has just had plastic surgery on her nose.
▪bypass noun [countable] an operation to make someone’s blood flow past a part of their heart that is blocked or damaged, often using a vein that has been removed from another part of their body: He went into hospital for a triple heart bypass.
▪skin graft an operation to repair an area of skin that has been badly damaged, especially using skin from another part of someone’s body: Her leg was severely burned and may require a skin graft.
op‧e‧ra‧tion S1 W1 /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃən $ ˌɑːp-/
noun Word Family: noun: operation, cooperation, operative, cooperative, operator; adjective: operational, operative, cooperative ≠ uncooperative; verb: operate, cooperate; adverb: operationally, cooperatively
1. MEDICAL [countable] the process of cutting into someone’s body to repair or remove a part that is damagedoperation on
operation for
operation to do something
2. BUSINESS/ORGANIZATION [countable] a business, company, or organization:
3. WORK/ACTIVITIES [uncountable and countable] the work or activities done by a business or organization, or the process of doing this work:
4. ACTIONS [countable] a set of planned actions or activities for a particular purpose:
5. MACHINE/SYSTEM [uncountable] the way the parts of a machine or system work together, or the process of making a machine or system work:
in operation
6. PRINCIPLE/LAW/PLAN ETC [uncountable] the way something such as a principle or law works or has an effect
in operation
come/go into operation (=begin to have an effect)
put/bring something into operation (=make something start to work)
7. MILITARY/POLICE ACTION [countable] a planned military or police action, especially one that involves a lot of people:
8. COMPUTERS [countable] an action done by a computer
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■ COMMON ERRORS
► Do not say 'take an operation'. Say have an operation.
Do not say 'make an operation'. Say do an operation or perform an operation.
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also
Becoming ill 生病
catch a cold/an infectious disease/the flu/( flu/pneumonia/a virus/BrE ( a bug染上感冒／传染病／流感／肺炎／病毒／小毛病 get ( ill/BrE ( sick/a disease/AIDS/breast cancer/a cold/the flu/NAmE ( flu/a migraineBrE 患病／艾滋病／乳腺癌／感冒／流感／偏头痛 come down with a cold/the flu/( fluBrE 得了感冒／流感 contract a deadly disease/a serious illness/HIV/AIDS感染致命疾病／严重疾病／艾滋病病毒／艾滋病 be infected with a virus/a parasite/HIV受病毒／寄生虫／艾滋病病毒感染 develop cancer/diabetes/a rash/an ulcer/symptoms of hepatitis患上癌症／糖尿病／皮疹／溃疡；出现肝炎症状 have a heart attack/a stroke心脏病／中风发作 provoke/trigger/produce an allergic reaction引起／产生过敏反应 block/burst/rupture a blood vessel使血管阻塞／破裂 damage/sever a nerve/an artery/a tendon损伤／切断神经／动脉／肌腱
Being ill 病了
feel ( ill/sick/nauseous/queasyBrE 感到不适／想吐／恶心 be running ( a temperature/BrE ( a feverNAmE 发烧 have a head cold/diabetes/heart disease/lung cancer/a headache/( a high temperature/BrE ( a feverNAmE 患伤风感冒／糖尿病／心脏病／肺癌；头痛；发烧 suffer from asthma/malnutrition/frequent headaches/bouts of depression/a mental disorder患哮喘／营养不良症／经常性头痛／多发性抑郁症／精神错乱 be laid up with/ ( BrE be in bed with a cold/the flu/( flu/a migraineBrE 因感冒／流感／偏头痛而卧床休息 nurse a cold/a headache/a hangover调治感冒／头痛／宿醉 battle/fight cancer/depression/addiction/alcoholism与癌症／抑郁症作斗争；戒瘾；戒酒
Treatments 治疗
examine a patient给病人做检查 diagnose a condition/disease/disorder诊断疾病 be diagnosed with cancer/diabetes/schizophrenia诊断为癌症／糖尿病／精神分裂症 prescribe/be given/be on/take drugs/medicine/medication/pills/painkillers/antibiotics开／得到／服用药／药片／止痛药／抗生素 treat sb for cancer/depression/shock治疗某人的癌症／抑郁症／休克 have/undergo an examination/an operation/surgery/a kidney transplant/therapy/chemotherapy/treatment for cancer接受检查／手术／外科手术／肾移植手术／治疗／化疗／癌症治疗 have/be given an injection/( a flu jab/BrE ( a flu shot/a blood transfusion/a scan/an X-rayNAmE 打针；接种流感疫苗；接受输血；做扫描检查；照 X 光 cure a disease/an ailment/cancer/a headache/a patient治疗疾病／病痛／癌症／头痛／病人 prevent the spread of disease/further outbreaks/damage to the lungs防止疾病扩散／疾病进一步爆发／对肺部造成伤害 be vaccinated against the flu/( flu/the measles/BrE ( measles/polio/smallpoxBrE 接种流感／麻疹／小儿麻痹症／天花疫苗 enhance/boost/confer/build immunity to a disease增加对疾病的免疫力
