paper
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++pa·per1 /ˈpeɪpə $ -ər/ ●●● S1 W1 noun 1 for writing/wrapping 用于书写/包裹 [uncountable]TD material in the form of thin sheets that is used for writing on, wrapping things etc 纸 I’ll get you a piece of paper so you can write the number down. 我给你找张纸，你好把号码写下来。 Do you have a pen and paper? 你有笔和纸吗？ →4 See picture on 见图 Page A8 In the office 办公室里2 newspaper 报纸 [countable]TCN a newspaper 报纸 Have you seen today’s paper? 你看到今天的报纸了吗？ You’ll read about it in tomorrow’s papers. 你会在明天的报纸上看到的。 the Sunday papers 周日报纸► see thesaurus at newspaper3 DOCUMENTS/LETTERS 文件/信件papers [plural] a) BBTCpieces of paper with writing on them that you use in your work, at meetings etc 〔工作、会议等上用的〕文件 I left some important papers in my briefcase. 我把一些重要文件落在公文包里了。 b) TCdocuments and letters concerning someone’s private or public life 〔有关私人生活或公众生活的〕文件，书信 While I was organizing Simon’s papers I came across his diaries. 我在整理西蒙的文件时发现了他的日记。 c) divorce papers documents concerning a divorce 离婚文件 d) PGCofficial documents such as your passport, identity card etc 证明；证件〔如护照、身份证等〕 My papers are all in order (=they are legal and correct). 我的证件全都是合法有效的。 → White Paper, green paper, order paper4 on paper a) TCWRITEif you put ideas or information on paper, you write them down 在纸上，写下来put/get something down on paper You need to get some of these thoughts down on paper. 你得把这些想法中的一些写在纸上。 b) TRUEif something seems true on paper, it seems to be true as an idea, but may not be true in a real situation 理论上 SYN in theory It’s a nice idea on paper, but you’ll never get it to work. 理论上这是个好主意，但你永远无法付诸实践。5 examination 考试 [countable] British English a set of printed questions used as an examination in a particular subject, and the answers people write 试卷；答卷 an exam paper 考卷 I have a stack of papers to mark. 我有一堆试卷要批。history/French etc paper The geography paper was really easy. 地理试卷真容易。► see thesaurus at test6 speech/piece of writing 讲话/论文 [countable] a piece of writing or a talk on a particular subject by someone who has made a study of it （研究）论文；（学术）讲话 a scientific paper 科学论文paper on a paper on psychology 心理学论文 Professor Usborne gave a paper on recent developments in his field. 厄斯本教授就自己领域的新动态发表了讲话。7 piece of schoolwork 作业 [countable] especially American English a piece of writing that is done as part of a course at school or university 〔作为学校课程作业的〕文章，论文 SYN essaypaper on a paper on the Civil War 一篇关于南北战争的论文8 official publication 官方出版物 [countable] a report prepared by a government or committee on a question they have been considering or a proposal for changes in the law 报告9 for walls 用于墙壁 [countable, uncountable]TBDH paper for covering and decorating the walls of a room 墙纸，壁纸 SYN wallpaper10. financial 金融的 [countable, uncountable] stocks and shares that can be bought and sold on a financial market 有价证券11. toilet 卫生间 [uncountable] soft thin paper used for cleaning yourself after you have used the toilet 手纸，卫生纸 SYN toilet paper, toilet roll12. not worth the paper it is written on/printed on SCLVALUEif something such as a contract is not worth the paper it is written on, it has no value because whatever is promised in it will not happen 〔合同等〕毫无价值的，不会兑现的 → put/set pen to paper at pen1(3), → waste paper COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 1: material in the form of thin sheets that is used for writing on, wrapping things etc 纸phrasesa sheet of paper 一张纸Each recipe was written down on a separate sheet of paper. 每道菜谱分别写在一张纸上。a piece of paper 一张纸Can I have another piece of paper? 再给我一张纸好吗？a scrap/slip of paper (=a small piece) 一小片纸nHe scribbled Pamela’s address on a scrap of paper.na pad of paper (=many sheets of paper fixed together at one edge)Chris took out a pad of paper and started writing.ADJECTIVES/NOUN + paperwriting/note paper (=good quality paper for writing letters) 信纸,便笺Can you fetch me a piece of writing paper and a pen? 你给我去拿一张信纸、一支笔好吗？plain paper (=with nothing written or printed on it) 空白纸The package was wrapped in plain brown paper. 包裹是用棕色空白纸包装的。lined paper (=printed with horizontal lines, for writing) 横格纸na note written on lined paperwrapping paper (=coloured paper for wrapping presents) 〔礼品用〕包装纸nHe carefully removed the wrapping paper so it wouldn’t tear.tissue paper (=very thin paper for wrapping things) 〔用于包装的〕薄纸,棉纸nAll the clothes were wrapped in tissue paper.recycled paper (=paper made from waste paper) 再生纸nThe envelopes are made from 100 percent recycled paper. COMMON ERRORS ► Don’t say ‘write on a paper’. Say write on a piece of paper. 不要说 ‘write on a paper’. 而要说 write on a piece of paper.n COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 2: a newspaper 报纸ADJECTIVES/NOUN + papera local paperYou could try putting an advert in the local paper.a national paperThe story had been in all the national papers.a daily paperWhich of these daily papers do you usually read?a Sunday paperI only get a Sunday paper if I’ve got lots of spare time.an evening paperIan usually buys an evening paper on his way home.a tabloid paper (=one with small pages, especially one without much serious news)Don’t believe everything you read in the tabloid papers.a broadsheet paper (=one with large pages, usually one containing serious news)Tabloid newspapers are usually about half the size of a broadsheet paper.a quality paper British English (=one intended for educated readers )Readers of quality papers, such as the Telegraph and the Guardian, are mainly employed in professional jobs.
Examples from the Corpus
paper• There was a big newsstand behind the policemen, and he thought of buying a paper.• Natural fabrics like silk and wool on a paper backing are used to give the velvety finish in traditional flocks.• His hand moved automatically to take a familiar paper of Rome.• Ryan Tate said the heist represents the seventh time the free paper has been stolen from news racks since November 1996.• Stephen took the local paper with him into his study.• The desk, with a green leather inset, is always clear of papers.• Today's paper is over on the coffee table.• When is your sociology paper due?• Why don't you put an ad in the paper?• Sizing is added to make the paper less absorbent.• Anyway, any publicity you can give Autumnola in your paper would be very welcome.gave ... paper• Earlier she gave a paper on Feminist Science Theory at the conference in Minneapolis.working paper• Clanna Weir Mill was established as a working paper mill by the late 1700s.• The implications of a weakness should be recorded in a working paper together with any recommendations.• What does a more detailed examination of the proposals in Working for patients and the accompanying working papers reveal?• The documents appear to have been working papers that were used for setting price caps for the authorities.• This discussion paper considers points made in the Review and in the working papers.• The working papers develop some of the organisational and management implications of proposals in the Review.• Their report was published in 1985, and consists of a summary report and two working papers.• We must go through the woods and fields on foot as far as St Maxime where we will pick up working papers.paper2 ●●● S3 W2 adjective [only before noun] 1 TImade of paper 纸制的2 written or printed on paper 写在[印在]纸上的3 paper qualifications SEan expression meaning documents showing that you have passed particular examinations, used specially when you think that experience and knowledge are more important 纸质资历，证书〔尤用于认为经验及知识更重要时〕4 VALUEexisting only as an idea but not having any real value 纸上的，有名无实的Examples from the Corpus
paper• a paper cuppaper3 verb [transitive] 1. DHTBto decorate the walls of a room by covering them with special paper 用墙纸裱糊〔墙壁〕 SYN wallpaper2 paper over the cracks HIDE/NOT SHOWto try to hide disagreements or difficulties 隐瞒[掩盖]分歧[困难]→ See Verb tableExamples from the Corpus
paper• Panels can be painted, papered or purchased in pre-decorated finishes to simulate anything from tiles to woodgrain.• It was she who papered our rooms and did the painting.• It's papering over huge cracks.• No - they were wallpapering, and I was the wall - they were papering over me.• Actually I am papering the fridge with rules; you can no longer tell its color.• Sybil papered the loo with that article and others.• One day she happened into his office, only to discover an entire wall of it papered with inspirational quotes.• When Hammaker returned to the Giants' locker room, the walls were papered with stories about his debacle.From Longman Business Dictionarypaperpa‧per /ˈpeɪpə-ər/ noun1[uncountable] material in the form of thin sheets used for writing things on, wrapping things etcplants that make chemicals for the paper industry2[countable] a newspaperMany daily papers have a financial section.The Hollywood Reporter is a trade paper (=one that reports on a particular industry) for the film industry.3on paper a)if you put ideas or information on paper, you write them downWe need to get these ideas down on paper. b)if something seems to be true on paper, it seems to be true as an idea, but may not be true in a real situationIt’s a nice idea on paper, but you’ll never get it to work.4[uncountable] (also financial paper)FINANCE SECURITIES (=bonds etc) that can be traded on financial markets, rather than cash, and the CERTIFICATEs (=documents) relating to themMitsubishi is to issue (=make available and sell) as much as 200 billion yen of paper.There are times when people are doubtful of the viability of the financial paper they hold.5papers [plural] documents used by a person or organization in their workThe hotel filed papers (=officially sent them to the authorities) three weeks ago, seeking various building permits.According tocourt papers, the judge’s decision was based on the bank’s failure to comply with banking laws.6[countable] an official document you need in order to do somethingOnce all the necessary papers have been signed, the house is yours. → working papersOrigin paper1 (1300-1400) Old French papier, from Latin papyrus; → PAPYRUSpa·per1 noun →COLLOCATIONS1 →n COLLOCATIONS2paper2 adjectivepaper3 verbLDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
material Business in of Corpus the form thin
See ldoce4297jpg for more
paper
pa‧per1 S1 W1 /ˈpeɪpə $ -ər/ 
noun
1. FOR WRITING/WRAPPING [uncountable] material in the form of thin sheets that is used for writing on, wrapping things etc:
I’ll get you a piece of paper so you can write the number down.
Do you have a pen and paper?
2. NEWSPAPER [countable] a newspaper:
Have you seen today’s paper?
You’ll read about it in tomorrow’s papers.
the Sunday papers
3. DOCUMENTS/LETTERS papers [plural]
a. pieces of paper with writing on them that you use in your work, at meetings etc:
I left some important papers in my briefcase.
b. documents and letters concerning someone’s private or public life:
While I was organizing Simon’s papers I came across his diaries.
c. divorce papers documents concerning a divorce
d. official documents such as your passport, identity card etc:
My papers are all in order (=they are legal and correct). ⇨ White Paper, green paper, order paper
4. on paper
a. if you put ideas or information on paper, you write them down
put/get something down on paper
You need to get some of these thoughts down on paper.
b. if something seems true on paper, it seems to be true as an idea, but may not be true in a real situation
SYN in theory:
It’s a nice idea on paper, but you’ll never get it to work.
5. EXAMINATION [countable] British English a set of printed questions used as an examination in a particular subject, and the answers people write:
an exam paper
I have a stack of papers to mark.
history/French etc paper
The geography paper was really easy.
6. SPEECH/PIECE OF WRITING [countable] a piece of writing or a talk on a particular subject by someone who has made a study of it:
a scientific paper
paper on
a paper on psychology
Professor Usborne gave a paper on recent developments in his field.
7. PIECE OF SCHOOLWORK [countable] especially American English a piece of writing that is done as part of a course at school or university
SYN essay
paper on
a paper on the Civil War
8. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION [countable] a report prepared by a government or committee on a question they have been considering or a proposal for changes in the law:
We will publish a discussion paper on the future of the BBC.
paper on
the 1998 White Paper on political reform
a working paper (=a report that is not final) on funding the Health Service
9. FOR WALLS [uncountable and countable] paper for covering and decorating the walls of a room
SYN wallpaper:
a floral paper
10. FINANCIAL [uncountable and countable] stocks and shares that can be bought and sold on a financial market
11. TOILET [uncountable] soft thin paper used for cleaning yourself after you have used the toilet
SYN toilet paper, toilet roll
12. not worth the paper it is written on/printed on if something such as a contract is not worth the paper it is written on, it has no value because whatever is promised in it will not happen
⇨ put/set pen to paper at pen1(3), ⇨ waste paper
■ phrases
▪a sheet of paper Each recipe was written down on a separate sheet of paper.
▪a piece of paper Can I have another piece of paper?
▪a scrap/slip of paper (=a small piece) He scribbled Pamela’s address on a scrap of paper.
▪a pad of paper (=many sheets of paper fixed together at one edge) Chris took out a pad of paper and started writing.
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + paper
▪writing/note paper (=good quality paper for writing letters) Can you fetch me a piece of writing paper and a pen?
▪plain paper (=with nothing written or printed on it) The package was wrapped in plain brown paper.
▪lined paper (=printed with horizontal lines, for writing) a note written on lined paper
▪wrapping paper (=coloured paper for wrapping presents ) He carefully removed the wrapping paper so it wouldn’t tear.
▪tissue paper (=very thin paper for wrapping things) All the clothes were wrapped in tissue paper.
▪recycled paper (=paper made from waste paper) The envelopes are made from 1OO percent recycled paper.
■ COMMON ERRORS
► Do not say 'write on a paper'. Say write on a piece of paper.
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + paper
▪a local paper You could try putting an advert in the local paper.
▪a national paper The story had been in all the national papers.
▪a daily paper Which of these daily papers do you usually read?
▪a Sunday paper I only get a Sunday paper if I’ve got lots of spare time.
▪an evening paper Ian usually buys an evening paper on his way home.
▪a tabloid paper (=one with small pages, especially one without much serious news) Don’t believe everything you read in the tabloid papers.
▪a broadsheet paper (=one with large pages, usually one containing serious news) Tabloid newspapers are usually about half the size of a broadsheet paper.
▪a quality paper British English (=one intended for educated readers ) Readers of quality papers, such as the Telegraph and the Guardian, are mainly employed in professional jobs.
paper2 adjective [only before noun]
1. made of paper:
a paper bag
2. written or printed on paper:
The brochure is available in electronic and paper versions.
3. paper qualifications an expression meaning documents showing that you have passed particular examinations, used specially when you think that experience and knowledge are more important:
Paper qualifications are no guide to ability.
4. existing only as an idea but not having any real value:
paper profits (=a record of the value of something, that is not real until the thing is sold)
paper promises
paper3 verb [transitive]
1. to decorate the walls of a room by covering them with special paper
SYN wallpaper
2. paper over the cracks to try to hide disagreements or difficulties:
We need to discuss disagreements honestly without papering over the cracks.
| I |
noun1. FOR WRITING/WRAPPING [uncountable] material in the form of thin sheets that is used for writing on, wrapping things etc:
2. NEWSPAPER [countable] a newspaper:
3. DOCUMENTS/LETTERS papers [plural]
a. pieces of paper with writing on them that you use in your work, at meetings etc:
b. documents and letters concerning someone’s private or public life:
c. divorce papers documents concerning a divorce
d. official documents such as your passport, identity card etc:
4. on paper
a. if you put ideas or information on paper, you write them down
put/get something down on paper
b. if something seems true on paper, it seems to be true as an idea, but may not be true in a real situation
SYN in theory:
5. EXAMINATION [countable] British English a set of printed questions used as an examination in a particular subject, and the answers people write:
history/French etc paper
6. SPEECH/PIECE OF WRITING [countable] a piece of writing or a talk on a particular subject by someone who has made a study of it:
paper on
7. PIECE OF SCHOOLWORK [countable] especially American English a piece of writing that is done as part of a course at school or university
SYN essay
paper on
8. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION [countable] a report prepared by a government or committee on a question they have been considering or a proposal for changes in the law:
paper on
9. FOR WALLS [uncountable and countable] paper for covering and decorating the walls of a room
SYN wallpaper:
10. FINANCIAL [uncountable and countable] stocks and shares that can be bought and sold on a financial market
11. TOILET [uncountable] soft thin paper used for cleaning yourself after you have used the toilet
SYN toilet paper, toilet roll
12. not worth the paper it is written on/printed on if something such as a contract is not worth the paper it is written on, it has no value because whatever is promised in it will not happen
⇨ put/set pen to paper at pen1(3), ⇨ waste paper
| COLLOCATIONS |
| (for Meaning 1) |
▪
▪
▪
▪
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + paper
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
■ COMMON ERRORS
► Do not say 'write on a paper'. Say write on a piece of paper.
| COLLOCATIONS |
| (for Meaning 2) |
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
| II |
adjective [only before noun]1. made of paper:
2. written or printed on paper:
3. paper qualifications an expression meaning documents showing that you have passed particular examinations, used specially when you think that experience and knowledge are more important:
4. existing only as an idea but not having any real value:
| III |
verb [transitive]1. to decorate the walls of a room by covering them with special paper
SYN wallpaper
2. paper over the cracks to try to hide disagreements or difficulties:
Theory 理论
formulate/advance a theory/hypothesis创立理论；提出假设 build/construct/create/develop a simple/theoretical/mathematical model创立一个简单／理论／数学模型 develop/establish/provide/use a theoretical/conceptual framework创立／建立／提供／使用理论／概念框架 advance/argue/develop the thesis that…提出／论证／详尽阐述…的论题 explore an idea/a concept/a hypothesis探讨一个想法／概念／假设 make a prediction/an inference预测；推断 base a prediction/your calculations on sth基于…做出预测／估算 investigate/evaluate/accept/challenge/reject a theory/hypothesis/model研究／评估／接受／质疑／拒绝接受一个理论／假设／模型
Experiment 实验
design an experiment/a questionnaire/a study/a test设计一项实验／问卷／研究／测试 do research/an experiment/an analysis做研究／实验／分析 make observations/measurements/calculations观察；测量；计算 carry out/conduct/perform an experiment/a test/a longitudinal study/observations/clinical trials进行实验／测试／纵向研究／观察／临床试验 run an experiment/a simulation/clinical trials进行实验／模拟／临床试验 repeat an experiment/a test/an analysis重做实验／测试／分析 replicate a study/the results/the findings做相同的研究；得出同样的结果／调查结果 observe/study/examine/investigate/assess a pattern/a process/a behaviour/( a behaviorespecially
观察／研究／审查／调查／评估一种模式／一个过程／一种行为 fund/support the research/project/study资助／支持研究／项目／专题研究 seek/provide/get/secure funding for research寻求／提供／得到／争取到研究资金
Results 结果
collect/gather/extract data/information收集／提取数据／信息 yield data/evidence/similar findings/the same results得到数据／证据／类似调查结果／相同结果 analyse/examine the data/soil samples/a specimen分析／考查数据／土壤样本／样本 consider/compare/interpret the results/findings思考／比较／解释结果／调查结果 fit the data/model与数据／模型相符合 confirm/support/verify a prediction/a hypothesis/the results/the findings证实／支持／核实预测／假设／结果／调查结果 prove a conjecture/hypothesis/theorem证明猜测／假设／定理 draw/make/reach the same conclusions得出同样的结论 read/review the records/literature阅读／评论记录／文献 describe/report an experiment/a study描述／报告一项实验／研究 present/publish/summarize the results/findings提交／公布／总结结果／调查结果 present/publish/read/review/cite a paper in a scientific journal向科学杂志提交一篇论文；在科学杂志发表一篇论文；阅读／评论／引用科学杂志上的一篇论文
