politics
Word family
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++pol·i·tics /ˈpɒlətɪks $ ˈpɑː-/ ●●● S2 W2 noun 1 [uncountable]POLITICS ideas and activities relating to gaining and using power in a country, city etc 政治；政治活动[事务] → political, politician a good understanding of politics in China 对中国政治很好的了解 modern American politics 现代美国政治 Politics have always interested Anita. 阿妮塔一直对政治感兴趣。national/local etc politics Brooke’s been involved in city politics since college. 布鲁克从读大学时起就参与所在城市的政治活动。 The president should stand above party politics (=working only for your political party). 总统应当置身于党派政治之外。n GRAMMAR: Singular or plural verb?• In this meaning, politics is usually followed by a singular verb: Politics plays no part in this decision.• In British English, you can also use a plural verb: Politics play no part in this decision.2 [uncountable]POLITICS the profession of being a politician 政治事业 Flynn retired from politics in 1986. 弗林于1986年退出政坛。 Her father’s trying to enter politics. 她父亲正试图踏入政坛。 Smith went into politics in his early twenties. 史密斯二十出头就从政了。3 [plural]SS the activities of people who are concerned with gaining personal advantage within a group, organization etc 〔某团体、组织等内的〕争权活动；权术；派别之争 I’m tired of dealing with all of the office politics. 对付那些办公室政治让我烦透了。 Her art examines sexual politics (=how power is shared between men and women). 她的艺术作品审视了两性之间的权力之争。the politics of something the politics of race and class at American universities 美国大学中的种族政治和阶级政治4 [plural]POLITICS someone’s political beliefs and opinions 政治信仰，政治观点，政见 I assume her politics must be fairly conservative. 我猜她的政治观点一定相当保守。5 [uncountable] especially British EnglishSEPP the study of political power and systems of government 政治学 SYN political science Tom is studying for a degree in politics. 汤姆正在攻读政治学学位。n COLLOCATIONSADJECTIVES/NOUN + politicsnational politicsMark had always been keen to have a career in national politics.local politicsAnn is very active in local politics.international politicsThe two superpowers that dominated international politics.world/global politicsThere was much going on in world politics at the time.domestic politics (=within a country)The war had a major impact on the country’s domestic politics.party politics (=trying to make your party successful)He believes that party politics has no place in local government.power politics (=attempting to get power by using or threatening to use force)The party argued that power politics would always lead to war.phrasesbe involved in politicsAfter university, he became involved in local politics.take part in politicsYoung people should be encouraged to take part in politics.be active in politics (=be involved in)I was very active in politics before I retired.interfere/meddle in politicsHe warned the army against interfering in politics.n THESAURUSright-wing adjective a right-wing person or group wants low taxes, a strong army and police force, and the individual to be free from government interference as much as possibleright-wing political partiesSome of his supporters are very right-wing.right-wing policies on gun controlleft-wing adjective a left-wing person or group wants the government to make society more equal by increasing taxes for rich people, and taking control of important industries and servicesa left-wing newspaper His views are very left-wing.green adjective [usually before noun] supporting policies and principles which will protect the environmentgreen politiciansthe Green PartyThe government is under pressure to improve its green credentials (=to seem more like it wants to protect the environment).radical adjective supporting political ideas that will involve great changeradical politiciansa radical economic reform programmeliberal adjective supporting political ideas that will allow people to have greater freedomThey want the government to have a more liberal policy on drugs.moderate adjective having political opinions which are not extremePeople generally become more moderate as they get older. The bill is supported by moderate Republicans.extreme adjective having political opinions which are considered to be very unreasonable by many peopleHis views on immigration are very extreme.an extreme right-wing organizationExamples from the Corpus
politics• Politics doesn't interest me much.• The University runs a course in American politics and government.• This is a very wide claim and one which potentially includes questions concerning the relationships between women, power and politics.• With presidential campaigning fully upon the nation, the appearance of costly hearings driven by politics will be difficult to avoid.• Brock's been involved in city politics since college.• Comparative politics focuses on similarities and differences in political processes and structures.• On the university level almost all respondents in each country follow politics.• The doctor, whatever her politics and morals, had lovely skilful hands, which Phoebe could not but admire.• But a lot of people are mature enough to separate the person from his politics.• She's been in politics for over twenty years.• Maria is very interested in politics and current affairs.• He made the decision to go into politics last year.• The dominant figure in local Labour politics was Stephen McGonagle.• Thomson has always been deeply involved in local politics.• an important figure in the world of politics• I'm tired of dealing with all of the office politics.• Most of the people questioned thought that unions should not get involved in party politics.• I don't agree with Michael's politics, but he's sure a nice guy.party politics• The Treasury saw financial control as being concerned with sound finance and above party politics.• Whoever bears the responsibility, the domination of local government by party politics is now almost complete.• The extreme social and economic difficulties they faced on independence meant that the emergence of recognizably democratic party politics was by no means certain.• Not so different from party politics, really.• The Judicature Society reported that half of the male federal judges were active in party politics before their election to the bench.• The glaring exception relates to party politics.• His move appeared certain to inflame passions in a country noted for the frequently intemperate attitude of its people towards party politics.• Was party politics the best way up the ladder of fame?went into politics• Many of them not only stayed in Santa Barbara, but went into politics.• Helping people is why I went into politics in the first place.• They went into politics because it was one of the things that a certain type of person in a certain station did.office politics• Bob Woodward was a prima donna who played heavily at office politics.• With some disdain, almost all expressed the need to manage office politics.• Then he went back for a week and found he could no longer take the petty office politics.• He asks her to cover for him while he is playing office politics elsewhere.• Those who stay behind spend their time looking for jobs, playing office politics or simply nursing their wounds.From Longman Business Dictionarypoliticspol‧it‧ics /ˈpɒlətɪksˈpɑː-/ noun [uncountable]1ideas and activities relating to gaining and using power in a country, city etca businessman who is also involved in politics2the activities of people who are concerned with gaining personal advantage within a group, organization etcHe left his job because he could no longer take the petty office politics.Origin politics (1500-1600) Greek politika (plural), from politikos; → POLITICpol·i·tics noun →n GRAMMAR1 →n COLLOCATIONS1
→n THESAURUS1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
→n THESAURUS1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
using gaining Corpus and activities Business relating and ideas to
politics
pol‧i‧tics S2 W2 /ˈpɒlətɪks, ˈpɒlɪtɪks $ ˈpɑː-/
noun
a good understanding of politics in China
modern American politics
Politics have always interested Anita.
national/local etc politics
Brooke’s been involved in city politics since college.
The president should stand above party politics (=working only for your political party).
2. [uncountable] the profession of being a politician:
Flynn retired from politics in 1986.
Her father’s trying to enter politics.
Smith went into politics in his early twenties.
3. [plural] the activities of people who are concerned with gaining personal advantage within a group, organization etc:
I’m tired of dealing with all of the office politics.
Her art examines sexual politics (=how power is shared between men and women).
politics of
the politics of race and class at American universities
4. [plural] someone’s political beliefs and opinions:
I assume her politics must be fairly conservative.
5. [uncountable] especially British English the study of political power and systems of government
SYN political science:
Tom is studying for a degree in politics.
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + politics
▪national politics Mark had always been keen to have a career in national politics.
▪local politics Ann is very active in local politics.
▪international politics The two superpowers that dominated international politics.
▪world/global politics There was much going on in world politics at the time.
▪domestic politics (=within a country) The war had a major impact on the country’s domestic politics.
▪party politics (=trying to make your party successful) He believes that party politics has no place in local government.
▪power politics (=attempting to get power by using or threatening to use force) The party argued that power politics would always lead to war.
■ phrases
▪be involved in politics After university, he became involved in local politics.
▪take part in politics Young people should be encouraged to take part in politics.
▪be active in politics (=be involved in) I was very active in politics before I retired.
▪interfere/meddle in politics He warned the army against interfering in politics.
▪ right-wing adjective a right-wing person or group wants low taxes, a strong army and police force, and the individual to be free from government interference as much as possible: right-wing political parties | Some of his supporters are very right-wing. | right-wing policies on gun control
▪left-wing adjective a left-wing person or group wants the government to make society more equal by increasing taxes for rich people, and taking control of important industries and services: a left-wing newspaper | His views are very left-wing.
▪green adjective [usually before noun] supporting policies and principles which will protect the environment: green politicians | the Green Party | The government is under pressure to improve its green credentials (=to seem more like it wants to protect the environment).
▪radical adjective supporting political ideas that will involve great change: radical politicians | a radical economic reform programme
▪liberal adjective supporting political ideas that will allow people to have greater freedom: They want the government to have a more liberal policy on drugs.
▪moderate adjective having political opinions which are not extreme: People generally become more moderate as they get older. | The bill is supported by moderate Republicans.
▪extreme adjective having political opinions which are considered to be very unreasonable by many people: His views on immigration are very extreme. | an extreme right-wing organization
pol‧i‧tics S2 W2 /ˈpɒlətɪks, ˈpɒlɪtɪks $ ˈpɑː-/
noun Word Family: noun: politician, politics, politicization, politicking, politico; adjective: political, politicized, apolitical, politic; verb: politicize; adverb: politically
1. [U also + plural verb British English] ideas and activities relating to gaining and using power in a country, city etc ⇨ political, politician: national/local etc politics
2. [uncountable] the profession of being a politician:
3. [plural] the activities of people who are concerned with gaining personal advantage within a group, organization etc:
politics of
4. [plural] someone’s political beliefs and opinions:
5. [uncountable] especially British English the study of political power and systems of government
SYN political science:
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Power 权力
create/form/be the leader of a political party创建／组建／领导政党 gain/take/win/lose/regain control of Congress获得／失去／夺回对国会的控制权 start/spark/lead/be on the brink of a revolution发起／引发／领导一场革命；革命一触即发 be engaged/locked in an internal power struggle参与／陷入内部权力斗争 lead/form a rival/breakaway faction领导／组建反对派／分裂派 seize/take control of the government/power夺取／接手对政府／政权的控制权 bring down/overthrow/topple the government/president/regime推翻政府／总统／政权 abolish/overthrow/restore the monarchy废除／推翻／恢复君主制 establish/install a military dictatorship/a stable government建立军事独裁／稳定的政府 be forced/removed/driven from office/power被迫离职／下台；被免职／赶下台 resign/step down as party leader/an MP/president/prime minister辞去政党领袖／议员／总统／总理的职位 enter/retire from/return to political life开始／退出／重回政治生涯
Political debate 政治辩论
spark/provoke a heated/hot/intense/lively debate引发激烈的辩论 engage in/participate in/contribute to (the) political/public debate (on/over sth)参与（关于某事的）政治／公开辩论 get involved in/feel excluded from the political process参与／感觉被排挤出政治进程 launch/start/lead/spearhead a campaign/movement发起／领导一场运动 join/be linked with the peace/anti-war/feminist/civil rights movement参与和平／反战／女权／民权运动；与和平／反战／女权／民权运动有联系 criticize/speak out against/challenge/support the government批评／公开反对／质疑／支持政府 lobby/put pressure on the government (to do sth)游说／施压于政府（去做某事） come under fire/pressure from opposition parties受到来自反对党的抨击／压力
Policy 政策
call for/demand/propose/push for/advocate democratic/political/land reform(s)呼吁／强烈要求／提议／敦促／倡导民主／政治／土地改革 formulate/implement domestic economic policy制定／执行国内经济政策 change/influence/shape/have an impact on government/economic/public policy改变／影响政府／经济／公共政策 be consistent with/be in line with/go against/be opposed to government policy符合／违背政府政策 reform/restructure/modernize the tax system改革／重组／革新税收制度 privatize/improve/deliver/make cuts in public services私有化／改善／提供／削减公共服务 invest (heavily) in/spend sth on schools/education/public services/(the) infrastructure在学校／教育／公共服务／基础设施上投入（大量）资金 nationalize the banks/the oil industry使银行／石油产业国有化 promise/propose/deliver/give ($80 billion in/significant/substantial/massive) tax cuts承诺／提议／兑现／实行（800 亿美元／大幅度的）减税 a/the budget is approved/ ( especially
NAmE passed by parliament/congress预算经议会／国会通过
Making laws 制定法律
have a majority in/have seats in Parliament/Congress/the Senate在议会／国会／参议院中占多数席位／占有席位 propose/sponsor a bill/legislation/a resolution提交议案／法规／决议 introduce/bring in/draw up/draft/adopt/pass a bill/a law/legislation/measures推出／提出／拟定／起草／采用／通过议案／法律／法规／措施 amend/repeal an act/a law/legislation修正／废除法案／法律／法规 veto/vote against/oppose a bill/legislation/a measure/a proposal/a resolution否决／投票反对／反对议案／法规／措施／提议／决议 get/require/be decided by a majority vote获得／需要多数票；由多数票决定