pollution
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++pol·lu·tion /pəˈluːʃən/ ●●○ S3 W2 noun [uncountable] 1 SGPDIRTYthe process of making air, water, soil etc dangerously dirty and not suitable for people to use, or the state of being dangerously dirty 污染 California’s tough anti-pollution laws 加利福尼亚州严厉的反污染法air/water/soil pollution air pollution from traffic fumes 车辆尾气造成的空气污染pollution prevention/standards/control The costs of pollution control must be considered. 必须考虑污染控制的成本。2 SGPDIRTYsubstances that make air, water, soil etc dangerously dirty 污染物 a plan to reduce pollution 减少污染物的计划industrial/chemical etc pollution the effects of industrial pollution on the population 工业污染物对人口的影响 The chemicals have been identified as a source of pollution. 这些化学物质被确定为一种污染源。 →4 See picture on 见图 Page A6 Environmental problems 环境问题 → noise pollutionn COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1 & 2ADJECTIVES/NOUN + pollutionbad/serious/severeThe mines have caused serious pollution of the river system.The pollution was so bad that most of the fish died.air pollutionAir pollution can cause breathing problems for some people.atmospheric pollution formal (=air pollution)The oil wells continued to burn, causing atmospheric pollution on a massive scale.water/river pollutionThe National Rivers Authority tests levels of water pollution.marine pollution formal (=pollution of the sea)Oil spills are a major cause of marine pollution.environmental pollutionMost environmental pollution originates in the developed countries.industrial pollution (=from factories)A study has linked ill health in the area with industrial pollution.chemical pollutionChemical pollution threatens the survival of these animals.verbsreduce/cut pollutionNew measures are needed to reduce pollution from cars.control pollutionThe water company is failing to control pollution.tackle/combat pollution (=try to deal with it)Governments must tackle pollution now.prevent pollutionEfforts are being made to prevent further pollution.monitor pollution (=measure it)It is possible to monitor pollution from incinerator chimneys.pollution + NOUNpollution levelsThe aim is to reduce pollution levels to those of the 1930s.a pollution problemEnvironmentalists fear that the new factories will lead to severe pollution problems.pollution controlEffective pollution control was not being undertaken.phrasesa source/cause of pollutionThe factory was a clear source of pollution.Fumes from cars are a major cause of air pollution.5 GRAMMAR 语法• Pollution is an uncountable noun and has no plural form. Use a singular verb after it. pollution 是不可数名词,没有复数形式,后面要跟单数动词The pollution is worse during winter.冬季污染更为严重。n GRAMMAR: Countable or uncountable?Pollution is an uncountable noun and is not used in the plural. You say: The air is full of pollution. ✗Don’t say: The air is full of pollutions.
Examples from the Corpus
pollution• Pollution and overfishing have reduced the population of coastal fish.• Pollution from cars is the main cause of global warming.• Pollution levels are often dangerously high in large cities.• Pollution levels in the area shot up as soon as the factory started operating.• A federal law spells out the penalties for missing the deadline to cut air pollution.• She says that transporting goods by rail instead of road would cut air pollution dramatically.• The city is looking into ways to reduce air pollution.• But Doran's invention is safe as well as economical and pollution free.• The convention, signed by the six states bordering the Black Sea, aims to reduce current pollution levels.• The most obvious examples of spillover costs involve environmental pollution.• The use of electric cars could be a key factor in fighting pollution.• Industrial pollution has killed much of the river's wildlife.• The report recommends a number of steps designed to limit pollution.• Not only do they consume more natural resources, they also produce more pollution.• The law speaks of causing or knowingly permitting pollution, and the concept of cause has been strictly construed.• Thousands of fish died from river pollution.• And there too I will cleanse the men from their pollution.• What pollution controls will the state authorities put in place?pollution prevention/standards/control• Such action represents the adoption of aspects of a second air pollution control strategy - namely, the emission standards strategy.• The water authorities thus not only set and enforce pollution standards, they are major polluters themselves.• Before they were defined, there were no ecological targets for pollution control, only political ones.• The factories had previously been ordered to install pollution control equipment but had failed to respond.• The district is the basic geographical unit of pollution control and usually contains one or two river or stream systems.• The lack of money spent on pollution control.source of pollution• The greatest sources of pollution are cars, power stations, the chemical industry and agriculture.• Although we tend to think of industrial effluent, sewage is a more important source of pollution.• The major sources of pollution were oil spills, discharges from refineries and natural seepage from oil-bearing strata.• Additionally, this waste is a potential source of pollution when it degrades, releasing undesirable chemicals into the soil and air.From Longman Business Dictionarypollutionpol‧lu‧tion /pəˈluːʃən/ noun [uncountable] when substances make air, water, soil etc dangerously dirty, or these substances themselvesthe effects of industrial pollutionThey plan to introduce measures to reduce air pollution from traffic fumes.tough anti-pollution lawspol·lu·tion noun →5 GRAMMAR1 →n GRAMMAR2
→n COLLOCATIONS1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
→n COLLOCATIONS1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
water, process Corpus the Business soil making of air, etc
pollution
pol‧lu‧tion W2 /pəˈluːʃən/
noun [uncountable]
1. the process of making air, water, soil etc dangerously dirty and not suitable for people to use, or the state of being dangerously dirty:
California’s tough anti-pollution laws
air/water/soil pollution
air pollution from traffic fumes
pollution prevention/standards/control
The costs of pollution control must be considered.
2. substances that make air, water, soil etc dangerously dirty:
a plan to reduce pollution
industrial/chemical etc pollution
the effects of industrial pollution on the population
The chemicals have been identified as a source of pollution.
⇨ noise pollution
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + pollution
▪bad/serious/severe The mines have caused serious pollution of the river system. | The pollution was so bad that most of the fish died.
▪air pollution Air pollution can cause breathing problems for some people.
▪atmospheric pollution formal (=air pollution) The oil wells continued to burn, causing atmospheric pollution on a massive scale.
▪water/river pollution The National Rivers Authority tests levels of water pollution.
▪marine pollution formal (=pollution of the sea) Oil spills are a major cause of marine pollution.
▪environmental pollution Most environmental pollution originates in the developed countries.
▪industrial pollution (=from factories) A study has linked ill health in the area with industrial pollution.
▪chemical pollution Chemical pollution threatens the survival of these animals.
■ verbs
▪reduce/cut pollution New measures are needed to reduce pollution from cars.
▪control pollution The water company is failing to control pollution.
▪tackle/combat pollution (=try to deal with it) Governments must tackle pollution now.
▪prevent pollution Efforts are being made to prevent further pollution.
▪monitor pollution (=measure it) It is possible to monitor pollution from incinerator chimneys.
■ pollution + NOUN
▪pollution levels The aim is to reduce pollution levels to those of the 1930s.
▪a pollution problem Environmentalists fear that the new factories will lead to severe pollution problems.
▪pollution control Effective pollution control was not being undertaken.
■ phrases
▪a source/cause of pollution The factory was a clear source of pollution. | Fumes from cars are a major cause of air pollution.
GRAMMAR
Pollution.is an uncountable noun and has no plural form. Use a singular verb after it:
▪The pollution is worse during winter.
pol‧lu‧tion W2 /pəˈluːʃən/
noun [uncountable]1. the process of making air, water, soil etc dangerously dirty and not suitable for people to use, or the state of being dangerously dirty:
air/water/soil pollution
pollution prevention/standards/control
2. substances that make air, water, soil etc dangerously dirty:
industrial/chemical etc pollution
⇨ noise pollution
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GRAMMAR
Pollution.is an uncountable noun and has no plural form. Use a singular verb after it:
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Environmental damage 环境破坏
cause/contribute to climate change/global warming引起气候变化／全球变暖 produce pollution/CO2/greenhouse (gas) emissions产生污染／二氧化碳／温室气体排放 damage/destroy the environment/a marine ecosystem/the ozone layer/coral reefs破坏环境／海洋生态系统／臭氧层／珊瑚礁 degrade ecosystems/habitats/the environment使生态系统／栖息地／环境退化 harm the environment/wildlife/marine life危害环境／野生动物／海洋生物 threaten natural habitats/coastal ecosystems/a species with extinction构成对自然栖息地／沿海生态系统／物种灭绝的威胁 deplete natural resources/the ozone layer大量损耗自然资源／臭氧层 pollute rivers and lakes/waterways/the air/the atmosphere/the environment/oceans污染河流湖泊／航道／空气／大气层／环境／海洋 contaminate groundwater/the soil/food/crops污染地下水／土壤／食物／庄稼 log forests/rainforests/trees采伐森林／热带雨林／树木
Protecting the environment 保护环境
address/combat/tackle the threat/effects/impact of climate change设法解决／防止／应对气候变化带来的威胁／影响／冲击 fight/take action on/reduce/stop global warming对抗／采取行动应对／减缓／阻止全球变暖 limit/curb/control air/water/atmospheric/environmental pollution控制空气／水／大气／环境污染 cut/reduce pollution/greenhouse gas emissions减少污染／温室气体排放 offset carbon/CO2 emissions抵消碳／二氧化碳的排放 reduce (the size of) your carbon footprint减少碳足迹（量） achieve/promote sustainable development实现／促进可持续发展 preserve/conserve biodiversity/natural resources保持生物多样性；保护自然资源 protect endangered species/a coastal ecosystem保护濒危物种／沿海生态系统 prevent/stop soil erosion/overfishing/massive deforestation/damage to ecosystems防止／阻止水土流失／过度捕捞／大面积森林砍伐／对生态系统的破坏 raise awareness of environmental issues增强环境意识 save the planet/the rainforests/an endangered species拯救地球／热带雨林／濒危物种
Energy and resources 能源和资源
conserve/save/consume/waste energy保护／节约／消耗／浪费能源 manage/exploit/be rich in natural resources管理／开发／有丰富的自然资源 dump/dispose of hazardous/toxic/nuclear waste倾倒／处理有害／有毒／核废料 dispose of/throw away litter/( rubbish/especially
BrE ( garbage/especially
NAmE ( trash/sewageNAmE 处理／扔掉垃圾／废物；排放污水 use/be made from recycled/recyclable/biodegradable material使用回收／可回收／可生物降解材料；由回收／可回收／可生物降解材料制成 recycle bottles/packaging/paper/plastic/waste回收瓶子／包装材料／纸／塑料／废品 promote/encourage recycling/sustainable development/the use of renewable energy促进／鼓励回收利用／可持续发展／使用可再生能源 develop/invest in/promote renewable energy研发／投资／推动可再生能源 reduce your dependence/reliance on fossil fuels减少对化石燃料的依赖 get/obtain/generate/produce electricity from wind, solar and wave power/renewable sources利用风、太阳能、潮汐／可再生能源发电 build/develop a (50-megawatt/offshore) wind farm修建一座（50 兆瓦／海上）风力发电站 install/be fitted with/be powered by solar panels安装太阳能板；由太阳能板提供动力