prison
Word family
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++pris·on /ˈprɪzən/ ●●● S2 W2 noun 1 [countable, uncountable]SCJ a building where people are kept as a punishment for a crime, or while they are waiting to go to court for their trial 监狱；看守所，拘留所 SYN jail, → prisoner, imprison He visits his dad in prison every week. 他每周都去探望狱中的父亲。 Ricky has been out of prison for three years now. 里基现已出狱三年。 They’ll probably put him in prison for a long time. 他们很可能会让他在监狱里待很长时间。 Helen was sent to prison for attacking a man with a knife. 海伦因持刀袭击一名男子而被送入监狱。 The two men were arrested only a week after they were released from prison. 那两名男子从监狱获释后仅仅一周就被捕了。 Three terrorists escaped from Brixton Prison. 有三名恐怖分子从布里克斯顿监狱越狱了。 an increase in the number of women going to prison 入狱女性人数的增多 Mr Gunn received a ten-year prison sentence. 冈恩先生获刑十年。5 ► Don’t say ‘the prison’ unless you are referring to a particular building: She was sent to prison. | He spent five years in prison. |They live opposite the prison.如果不是确指某个监狱的建筑，不要说 ‘the prison’ : She was sent to prison. 她被送进了监狱。 | He spent five years in prison. 他坐了五年牢。 |They live opposite the prison. 他们住在监狱对面。2 [uncountable]SCJ the system that deals with keeping people in a prison 监禁，监狱制度 the prison service 监狱管理机构 Does prison deter criminals from offending again? 监禁可以制止罪犯再次犯罪吗？3 [countable] an unpleasant place or situation which it is difficult to escape from 难以脱身的地方；牢笼 The farm felt like a prison to her. 那座农场对她来说犹如牢笼。n Grammar• You use prison without ‘the’ when talking in general about someone being kept somewhere as a punishment: He is in prison for murder.The judge sent him to prison. • You use the prison when talking about a particular place: There are about 600 prisoners in the prison.Visitors to the prison are carefully checked.n COLLOCATIONSverbsgo to prisonShe went to prison for theft.put somebody in prisonMentally ill people should not be put in prison.send somebody to prisonI was afraid I might get sent to prison.be released from prisonHe was released from prison six weeks ago.let somebody out of prisonWhen’s he going to be let out of prison?come/get out of prisonThe boy just come out of prison after doing two years for assault.escape from (a) prisonBlake escaped from a Missouri prison last year.adjectivesan open prison (=one where prisoners are not restricted as much as usual)He was transferred to an open prison.a maximum security prisonHe was sent to a maximum security prison where prisoners are kept in their cells almost 23 hours a day. prison + NOUNa prison sentence/term (=a period of time in prison as a punishment)He is serving a four-year prison sentence.a prison officer/official/warder/guardLast month, a prisoner attacked two prison officers with a knife.a prison cell (=a room where a prisoner lives)Overcrowding means that many prisoners have to share a prison cell.the prison population (=all the prisoners in a country)The government wants to reduce the size of the prison population. THESAURUSprison a large building where people are kept as a punishment for a crime or while they are waiting to go to court for their trial 监狱；看守所He was sentenced to five years in prison. 他被判五年监禁。Wandsworth Prison 旺兹沃思监狱jail a prison, or a similar smaller building where prisoners are kept for a short time 监狱；拘留所nThis old building is the jail that Butch Cassidy escaped from in 1887.He was taken to a cell in the Los Angeles County Jail. 他被关进洛杉矶县监狱的一间牢房。n58% of prisoners are in jail for non-violent crimes.nThe strikers were harassed, beaten and put in jail for trespassing.nGrover got caught for not paying his taxes and was sent to jail.gaol /dʒeɪl/ British English another way of spelling jail jail的另一种拼法He spent the night in gaol. 他在拘留所里待了一夜。penitentiary /ˌpenəˈtenʃəri/ American English a large prison for people who are guilty of serious crimes 〔关押重罪犯人的大型〕监狱the Ohio State Penitentiary 俄亥俄州立监狱nThe murderer served 10 years at the penitentiary in Stillwater.nthe abandoned federal penitentiary on Alcatraz Islandcorrectional facility American English formal an official word for a prison 管教所〔监狱的正式说法〕1,000 prisoners rioted at the North County Correctional Facility. 有1,000名囚犯在北县教养所发生暴乱。detention centre British English, detention center American English a place where young people who have done something illegal are kept, because they are too young to go to prison. Also used about a place where people who have entered a country illegally are kept 拘留中心,感化中心〔专门关押青少年罪犯,也用于关押非法入境者〕nKevin, who had been abandoned by his mother, had been in and out of detention centres all his life.a juvenile detention center 青少年感化中心nHarmondsworth detention centre, near Heathrow airportopen prison British English a prison in which prisoners have more freedom than in an ordinary prison, usually because their crimes were less serious 开放式监狱nIn some open prisons, prisoners are allowed to go home at weekends.cell a small room in a prison or police station, where someone is kept as a punishment 牢房,囚室a prison cell 监狱里的牢房nConditions were poor, and there were several prisoners to one cell.Examples from the Corpus
prison• Prison is an expensive and inefficient way to deal with social problems.• When he was released from prison, Mandela was interviewed in Zambia.• The prosecuting lawyers say that Price may face life in prison.• Johnson pleaded guilty and was sentenced to five years in prison.• He has been sentenced to two years in prison and given a five-year driving ban.• Over half of the four hundred thousand people in our prisons are black.• The instruments for punishing prison rioters were already available and the offence was unnecessary.• a maximum security prison• The idleness and overcrowding led to rioting in four state prisons in 1985 that left an inmate dead.• Conditions in the prison were shocking.• Then she went to the prison to see Sarah.• But that issue quickly faded when the prison got built in Eloy.• The prison doctor refused unless she agreed to drink a cup of tea and eat a piece of bread and butter.• a fifteen-year prison sentence• Clayton will be released on Tuesday after serving seven years, prison officials said.prison sentence• Eventually four men were arrested and given prison sentences for the crime.• He doesn't deserve to be facing a long prison sentence.• Elisa Felix pled guilty in 1993 to a money laundering charge and served a 10-month prison sentence.• The law must be changed to allow the courts to pass severe prison sentences on these so-called joyriders.• Staley is serving a 15-to 25-year state prison sentence for stalking his ex-girlfriend.• Name the doctor given a suspended prison sentence for the attempted murder of a dying patient. 4.• Each charge carried a maximum 10-year prison sentence.• The Arizona Special Delivery defendant faces a 10-to 24-year prison sentence under state law.prison service• That is no way to run a prison service.• The police, probation and prison services have the information families need, and they generally have the opportunity to impart it.• Derek Lewis, prison service director general, said Wymott was now stable and the governor and staff were in control.• I do not believe simply in throwing money at the prison service for the sake of it.• It is putting forward the best possible case for the prison service.• We also need people prepared to write, as pen-friends, to warders and other officials in the prison service.• Yet he chose to keep it secret and blamed officers of the prison service for what happened.• Some staff think the prison service is being deliberately run down.Origin prison (1100-1200) Old French Latin prehensio “act of seizing”, from prehendere; → PREHENSILEpris·on noun →n GRAMMAR1 →n COLLOCATIONS1
→THESAURUS1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
→THESAURUS1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
people building kept where are Corpus a
prison
pris‧on S2 W2 /ˈprɪzən/
noun
SYN jail ⇨ prisoner, imprison:
He visits his dad in prison every week.
Ricky has been out of prison for three years now.
They’ll probably put him in prison for a long time.
Helen was sent to prison for attacking a man with a knife.
The two men were arrested only a week after they were released from prison.
Three terrorists escaped from Brixton Prison.
an increase in the number of women going to prison
Mr Gunn received a ten year prison sentence.
► Do not say ‘the prison’ unless you are referring to a particular building: She was sent to prison. | He spent five years in prison. | They live opposite the prison.
2. [uncountable] the system that deals with keeping people in a prison:
the prison service
Does prison deter criminals from offending again?
3. [countable] an unpleasant place or situation which it is difficult to escape from:
The farm felt like a prison for her.
■ verbs
▪go to prison She went to prison for theft.
▪put somebody in prison Mentally ill people should not be put in prison.
▪send somebody to prison I was afraid I might get sent to prison.
▪be released from prison He was released from prison six weeks ago.
▪let somebody out of prison When's he going to be let out of prison?
▪come/get out of prison The boy just come out of prison after doing two years for assault.
▪escape from (a) prison Blake escaped from a Missouri prison last year.
■ adjectives
▪an open prison (=one where prisoners are not restricted as much as usual) He was transferred to an open prison.
▪a maximum security prison He was sent to a maximum security prison where prisoners are kept in their cells almost 23 hours a day.
■ prison + NOUN
▪a prison sentence/term (=a period of time in prison as a punishment) He is serving a four-year prison sentence.
▪a prison officer/official/warder/guard Last month, a prisoner attacked two prison officers with a knife.
▪a prison cell (=a room where a prisoner lives) Overcrowding means that many prisoners have to share a prison cell.
▪the prison population (=all the prisoners in a country) The government wants to reduce the size of the prison population.
▪ prison a large building where people are kept as a punishment for a crime or while they are waiting to go to court for their trial: He was sentenced to five years in prison. | Wandsworth Prison
▪jail a prison, or a similar smaller building where prisoners are kept for a short time: This old building is the jail that Butch Cassidy escaped from in 1887. | He was taken to a cell in the Los Angeles County Jail. | 58% of prisoners are in jail for non-violent crimes. | The strikers were harassed, beaten and put in jail for trespassing. | Grover got caught for not paying his taxes and was sent to jail.
▪gaol /dʒeɪl/ British English another way of spelling jail: He spent the night in gaol.
▪penitentiary /ˌpenəˈtenʃəri, ˌpenɪˈtenʃəri/ American English a large prison for people who are guilty of serious crimes: the Ohio State Penitentiary | The murderer served 10 years at the penitentiary in Stillwater. | the abandoned federal penitentiary on Alcatraz Island
▪correctional facility American English formal an official word for a prison: 1,000 prisoners rioted at the North County Correctional Facility.
▪detention centre British English, detention center American English a place where young people who have done something illegal are kept, because they are too young to go to prison. Also used about a place where people who have entered a country illegally are kept: Kevin, who had been abandoned by his mother, had been in and out of detention centres all his life. | a juvenile detention center | Harmondsworth detention centre, near Heathrow airport
▪open prison British English a prison in which prisoners have more freedom than in an ordinary prison, usually because their crimes were less serious: In some open prisons, prisoners are allowed to go home at weekends.
▪cell a small room in a prison or police station, where someone is kept as a punishment: a prison cell | Conditions were poor, and there were several prisoners to one cell.
pris‧on S2 W2 /ˈprɪzən/
noun Date: 1100-1200
Language: Old French
Origin: Latin prehensio 'act of seizing', from prehendere; ⇨ prehensile
1. [uncountable and countable] a building where people are kept as a punishment for a crime, or while they are waiting to go to court for their trial Language: Old French
Origin: Latin prehensio 'act of seizing', from prehendere; ⇨ prehensile
SYN jail ⇨ prisoner, imprison:
► Do not say ‘the prison’ unless you are referring to a particular building: She was sent to prison. | He spent five years in prison. | They live opposite the prison.
2. [uncountable] the system that deals with keeping people in a prison:
3. [countable] an unpleasant place or situation which it is difficult to escape from:
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Breaking the law 犯法
break/violate/obey/uphold the law违反／违背／遵守／维护法律 be investigated/arrested/tried for a crime/a robbery/fraud因犯罪／抢劫／诈骗而被调查／逮捕／审判 be arrested/ ( especially
NAmE indicted/convicted on charges of rape/fraud/( felony chargesespecially
因被控犯强奸罪／诈骗罪／重型罪遭逮捕／起诉／定罪 be arrested on suspicion of arson/robbery/shoplifting因涉嫌纵火／抢劫／在商店行窃而被逮捕 be accused of/be charged with murder/( homicide/four counts of fraudespecially
NAmE 被指控犯有谋杀罪／杀人罪／四项诈骗罪 face two charges of indecent assault面临两项猥亵罪的指控 admit your guilt/liability/responsibility (for sth)承认（对某事的）罪责／责任 deny the allegations/claims/charges否认指控 confess to a crime坦白罪行 grant/be refused/be released on/skip/jump bail准许／不准保释；交保释金获释；弃保潜逃
The legal process 法律程序
stand/await/bring sb to/come to/be on trial受审；候审；把某人送交法院审判；开庭审理；受到审判 take sb to/come to/settle sth out of court把某人告上法庭；被法庭受理；庭外和解某事 face/avoid/escape prosecution面临／免于／逃脱起诉 seek/retain/have the right to/be denied access to legal counsel寻求／聘请／有权聘用／无权聘用律师 hold/conduct/attend/adjourn a hearing/trial开庭；出庭；休庭 sit on/influence/persuade/convince the jury担任／影响／说服陪审团 sit/stand/appear/be put/place sb in the dock坐在／站在／出现在／被送上／将某人送上被告席 plead guilty/not guilty to a crime认罪；不认罪 be called to/enter ( the witness boxBrE 被召唤进入／进入证人席 take/put sb on the stand/( the witness standNAmE 出庭作证；让某人出庭作证 call/subpoena/question/cross-examine a witness传唤／以传票传唤／讯问／盘问证人 give/hear the evidence against/on behalf of sb提供／听取对某人不利／有利的证据 raise/withdraw/overrule an objection提出／撤销／否决异议 reach a unanimous/majority verdict作出一致的／多数人赞同的裁决 return/deliver/record a verdict of not guilty/unlawful killing/accidental death作出／宣布无罪／非法杀人／意外死亡的裁决 convict/acquit the defendant of the crime宣判被告有罪／无罪 secure a conviction/your acquittal获得有罪／无罪判决 lodge/file an appeal提出上诉 appeal (against)/challenge/uphold/overturn a conviction/verdict对判决／裁决提出上诉／质疑；维持／撤销判决／裁决
Sentencing and punishment 判刑与惩罚
pass sentence on sb宣布对某人的判决 carry/face/serve a seven-year/life sentence会被判处／面临／服七年徒刑／无期徒刑 receive/be given the death penalty被判死刑 be sentenced to ten years (in prison/jail)被判十年（监禁） carry/impose/pay a fine (of $3 000)/a penalty (of 14 years imprisonment)会被判处／处以／缴纳（3 000 美元的）罚金／（14 年的）监禁 be imprisoned/jailed for drug possession/fraud/murder因持有毒品罪／诈骗罪／谋杀罪被监禁 do/serve time/ten years服刑；服十年徒刑 be sent to/put sb in/be released from jail/prison被送进监狱；把某人送进监狱；被释放出狱 be/put sb/spend X years on death row在／把某人关在死囚牢房；在死囚牢房度过…年 be granted/be denied/break (your) parole获准假释；假释遭拒；违反假释规定
When a school is being referred to as an institution, you do not need to usethe .* school 指机构时，不需用定冠词 the ：◆ When do the children finish school? 孩子们什么时候毕业？ When you are talking about a particular building, the is used.指校舍时要用定冠词 the ：◆ I'll meet you outside the school. 我在学校外面等你。 Prison ,jail ,court , andchurch work in the same way.* prison、jail、court 和 church 的用法相同 ：◆ Her husband spent three years in prison. 她丈夫坐了三年牢。