recession
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++re·ces·sion /rɪˈseʃən/ ●○○ noun [countable, uncountable] PEa difficult time when there is less trade, business activity etc in a country than usual 〔经济〕衰退，萧条 the economic recession of the early 1980s 20世纪80年代初的经济衰退 There is deep recession in the UK. 英国处于严重的经济衰退之中。into/out of recession attempts to pull the country out of recession 推动国家走出经济衰退的努力n COLLOCATIONSadjectivesan economic recessionThe economic recession of the '70s led to a fall in recruitment.a world/global/worldwide recessionAmerica’s airlines have been badly hit by the world recession.a deep/severe recessionWe are in the middle of a severe recession.the worst recessionColombia is going through its worst recession in decades.the longest recessionThe British economy was in its longest recession since the Second World War.verbssuffer/experience a recessionThe country was suffering a deep recession.slide/slip into recession (=start to experience a recession)Most analysts don’t believe the economy will slide into recession.plunge into recession (=start to experience a deep recession)The US is about to plunge into recession.be hit by a recession (=be badly affected by it)Rural areas have been hardest hit by the recession.cause recessionRising oil prices help to fuel inflation and cause recession. a recession deepens (=becomes worse)Economists fear the recession may be deepening.phrasesthe beginning/end of the recessionThe Chancellor is confident that we shall see the end of the recession in the next few months.be in the middle/midst of a recessionWe are in the midst of a world recession.be in the depths of recession (=be at its worst level)The country is in the depths of recession.n THESAURUSrecession a period when a country’s economic growth stops and there is less tradeThe industry has cut jobs due to the recession.fears that the economy may be sliding into recessiondepression a long period during which there is a bad recession, so that there is very little business activity and a lot of people do not have jobsDuring the depression of the 1930s, as many as 20% of the population were jobless.slump a fairly short period when there is a reduction in business and many people lose their jobsThe slump in the housing market is making it difficult for people to sell their homes.slowdown a period when there is a reduction in business activity, that may be the start of a recessionHigh prices could tip the slowdown in the US into a world recession. downturn a period during which there is a reduction in business activity and economic conditions become worse, when before the economy was growingPublic spending may reduce the effects of the downturn.crash an occasion when the value of stocks and shares on a stock market falls suddenly and by a large amount, causing economic problemsThe Wall Street Crash of 1929 was disastrous for not only the American economy, but for the world economy.
Examples from the Corpus
recession• About one-fifth of the economists see a recession under way by the time of the presidential election this November.• Yet the current recession is far from average.• Banks' need for capital is greatest when economies are in recession and borrowers can not service their loans.• The economy is in recession and will remain so for at least another year.• First, it could turn slowdowns into recessions and average recessions into more severe ones.• In times of severe recession companies are often forced to make massive job cuts in order to survive.• First, there is the recession.• The car industry, like most other industries, is feeling the effects of the recession.• The first is that the recession they have caused and which so nearly ditched them will not go away automatically.• the recession of the 1980s• The reduction to recession happens when there is too much in the engram bank suppressing the incident.economic recession• Mr Bruce says the fund bought the zeros several years ago in anticipation of an economic recession.• Enthusiasm for it tends to wane during economic recessions.• A recent report showed how older workers bear the brunt of economic recession.• President Allende took office at the end of a period of economic recession.• At a time of economic recession and high interest rates this is a particular problem.• In the 1980s, the economic recession has produced a trend towards takeovers and mergers in the international record industry.• Hopes are still expressed that old manufacturing industries will re-employ all those previously made redundant as soon as the economic recession is over.• Some observers claim new patterns of involvement are rising in the economic recession.From Longman Business Dictionaryrecessionre‧ces‧sion /rɪˈseʃən/ noun [countable, uncountable]ECONOMICS a period of time when an economy or industry is doing badly, and business activity and employment decrease. Many economists consider that there is a recession when industrial production falls for six months in a rowThe economy is heading into a recession.Analysts concluded that the US would get out of recession and interest rates would rise. → compare depression —recessionary adjectiveWe’re in a recessionary period. → double-dip recessionre·ces·sion noun →n COLLOCATIONS1 →n THESAURUS1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
a there less time when business is difficult trade, Business Corpus
recession
re‧ces‧sion /rɪˈseʃən/
noun [uncountable and countable]
a difficult time when there is less trade, business activity etc in a country than usual:
the economic recession of the early 1980s
There is deep recession in the UK.
into/out of recession
attempts to pull the country out of recession
■ adjectives
▪an economic recession The economic recession of the '70s led to a fall in recruitment.
▪a world/global/worldwide recession America’s airlines have been badly hit by the world recession.
▪a deep/severe recession We are in the middle of a severe recession.
▪the worst recession Colombia is going through its worst recession in decades.
▪the longest recession The British economy was in its longest recession since the Second World War.
■ verbs
▪suffer/experience a recession The country was suffering a deep recession.
▪slide/slip into recession (=start to experience a recession) Most analysts don’t believe the economy will slide into recession.
▪plunge into recession (=start to experience a deep recession) The US is about to plunge into recession.
▪be hit by a recession (=be badly affected by it) Rural areas have been hardest hit by the recession.
▪cause recession Rising oil prices help to fuel inflation and cause recession.
▪a recession deepens (=becomes worse) Economists fear the recession may be deepening.
■ phrases
▪the beginning/end of the recession The Chancellor is confident that we shall see the end of the recession in the next few months.
▪be in the middle/midst of a recession We are in the midst of a world recession.
▪be in the depths of recession (=be at its worst level) The country is in the depths of recession.
▪ recession a period when a country’s economic growth stops and there is less trade: The industry has cut jobs due to the recession. | fears that the economy may be sliding into recession
▪depression a long period during which there is a bad recession, so that there is very little business activity and a lot of people do not have jobs: During the depression of the 1930s, as many as 20% of the population were jobless.
▪slump a fairly short period when there is a reduction in business and many people lose their jobs: The slump in the housing market is making it difficult for people to sell their homes.
▪slowdown a period when there is a reduction in business activity, that may be the start of a recession: High prices could tip the slowdown in the US into a world recession.
▪downturn a period during which there is a reduction in business activity and economic conditions become worse, when before the economy was growing: Public spending may reduce the effects of the downturn.
▪crash an occasion when the value of stocks and shares on a stock market falls suddenly and by a large amount, causing economic problems: The Wall Street Crash of 1929 was disastrous for not only the American economy, but for the world economy.
re‧ces‧sion /rɪˈseʃən/
noun [uncountable and countable]a difficult time when there is less trade, business activity etc in a country than usual:
into/out of recession
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Managing the economy 管理经济
handle/run/manage the economy管理经济 boost investment/spending/employment/growth促进投资／支出／就业／增长速度 stimulate demand/the economy/industry刺激需求／经济／工业 cut/reduce investment/spending/borrowing削减投资／支出／借贷 reduce/curb/control/keep down inflation减少／遏制通货膨胀 create/fuel growth/demand/a boom/a bubble创造／刺激增长／需求／繁荣／泡沫 encourage/foster/promote/stimulate/stifle innovation/competition鼓励／促进／刺激／抑制创新／竞争 encourage/work with/compete with the private sector鼓励私营部门；与私营部门合作／竞争 increase/boost/promote US/agricultural exports增加／促进美国／农业出口 ban/restrict/block cheap/foreign imports禁止／限制／阻止廉价／国外进口产品 the economy grows/expands/shrinks/contracts/slows (down)/recovers/improves/is booming 经济增长／扩张／收缩／萎缩／放缓／复苏／改善／繁荣 enjoy an economic/housing/property boom享受经济／住房／房地产的繁荣期
Economic problems 经济问题
push up/drive up prices/costs/inflation抬高价格／成本；加剧通货膨胀 damage/hurt/destroy industry/the economy破坏工业／经济 cause/lead to/go into/avoid/escape recession引起／导致／进入／避开经济衰退 experience/suffer a recession/downturn经历／遭受经济衰退 fight/combat inflation/deflation/unemployment抵抗通货膨胀／通货紧缩／失业 cause/create inflation/poverty/unemployment导致／造成通货膨胀／贫穷／失业 create/burst a housing/stock market bubble造成／引爆住房／股票市场泡沫 cause/trigger a stock market crash/the collapse of the banking system引起股市崩盘／银行系统崩溃 face/be plunged into a financial/an economic crisis面临／陷入财政／经济危机 be caught in/experience cycles of boom and bust陷入／经历周期性繁荣与萧条
Public finance 公共财政
cut/reduce/slash/increase/double the defence/( defense/education/aid budgetespecially
削减／大幅削减／增加／加倍国防／教育／援助预算 increase/boost/slash/cut public spending增加／大幅削减／削减公共支出 increase/put up/raise/cut/lower/reduce taxes提高／降低税收 raise/cut/lower/reduce interest rates提高／降低利率 ease/loosen/tighten monetary policy放宽／收紧货币政策 balance the (state/federal) budget平衡（州／联邦）预算 achieve/maintain a balanced budget达到／保持预算平衡 run a ($4 trillion) budget deficit/surplus有（4 万亿美元的）预算赤字／盈余