research
Word family
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++re·search1 /rɪˈsɜːtʃ, ˈriːsɜːtʃ $ -ɜːr-/ ●●● S2 W1 AWL noun [uncountable] (also researches [plural] formal) 1 SESTUDYserious study of a subject, in order to discover new facts or test new ideas 研究；探索research into/on research into the causes of cancer 癌症病因的研究 Gould was helped in his researches by local naturalists. 古尔德在研究过程中得到了当地博物学家的帮助。2 STUDYthe activity of finding information about something that you are interested in or need to know about 研究；调查 It’s a good idea to do some research before you buy a house. 买房子之前作些了解，这想法很对。 → investigation → market research COLLOCATIONSverbsdo/carry out research (also conduct research formal) 进行研究The research was carried out by a team of scientists at Edinburgh University. 进行此项研究的是爱丁堡大学的一个科学家团队。nLittle research has been conducted into the subject.undertake research formal (=start or do research) 着手研究They are planning to undertake research into the genetic causes of the disease. 他们正计划开展这种疾病的遗传病因研究。adjectivesscientific research 科学研究Our conclusions are based on scientific research. 我们的结论建立在科学研究的基础之上。medical research 医学研究The charity raises money for medical research. 这家慈善机构为医学研究筹集资金。historical research 历史研究This is a fascinating piece of historical research. 这是一项极有趣味的历史研究。basic research (=the most important or most necessary area of research) 基础研究He wants to conduct basic research into the nature of human cells. 他希望进行人类细胞特性的基础研究。extensive research (=research that examines a lot of information and details) 广泛的研究nExtensive research has proved the theory wrong.painstaking research (=very careful and thorough research) 刻苦的研究nShe spent years carrying out painstaking historical research.pioneering research (=research that produces completely new information) 开创性研究nWatson did pioneering research on the long-term effects of dieting.research + NOUNa research project/programme 研究计划/项目The research project will be funded by the Medical Research Council. 此项研究计划将由医学研究委员会资助。research findings (=what is discovered by a piece of research) 研究发现He will present his research findings at the conference. 他将在大会上展示自己的研究发现。research work 研究工作nDoctor Fox received world-wide acclaim for her research work on breast cancer.a research team 研究小组nThe professor will head a research team working on the effects of climatic change on agriculture.a research student 研究生nHe supervised many research students.a research grant (=money for doing research) 研究经费nHave you applied for a research grant?phrasesan area/field of research 研究领域This is a very exciting area of research. 这是个令人激动的研究领域。a piece of research 一项研究nA recent piece of research shows why marriages break up.na body of research (=results from several pieces of research)There is a large body of research which indicates that passive smoking causes cancer.COMMON ERRORS ► Don’t say ‘make research’. Say do research or carry out research. 不要说 ‘make research’。 而要说 do research 或 carry out research。n THESAURUSresearch noun [uncountable] careful detailed work that is done in order to find out more about a subject, especially as a part of a scientific or academic projectBillions of dollars have been spent on research into the causes and treatment of cancer.The University has for a long time been a leading centre for research in this field.work noun [uncountable] the studies that have been done on a particular subjectFaraday is famous for his work on electricity.A lot of work has been done on hydrogen-powered cars.Their work had an enormous influence on the study of genetics.study noun [countable] a piece of work in which someone examines a particular subject in order to find out more about it, and writes about what they have foundThe study showed that 25 percent of adults do not eat breakfast at all, compared with 14 percent in 1961.Recent studies suggest that our sense of smell is closely linked with the part of the brain that deals with memory.experiment noun [countable] a scientific test in order to find out what happens when you do somethingThey carried out a series of experiments (=they did a series of experiments) in order to try to prove their theory.Experiments have shown that there is an increased risk of some forms of cancer.
Examples from the Corpus
research• Current research, however, indicates that the cleavage cut through class lines.• She's doing research into the connection between crime and poverty.• Analytical work carried out as part of environmental research often falls into this category.• It defines producer services, and by reviewing existing research produces a better understanding of their role and growth.• Many science courses involve elements of library research as well as its laboratory equivalent.• Shaw hires mostly female salespeople because market research suggests that carpet shoppers are primarily women who prefer to buy from other women.• He hopes that his book will inspire more research on alcoholism.• More research is needed into the ways in which this virus is spread.• Much research is carried out using secondary or library data.• Many of the questions can be answered without carrying out any new research.• There are also posts in various environment-oriented research institutes and other organisations for which a knowledge of meteorology is advantageous.• The book draws on Gardner's own research.• Recent research has shown that human language is much older than we previously thought.• There is no scientific research to back up the company's claims.research into/on• research into the causes of cancer• More effective drugs had their origin in the basic research on chemical transmission of nerve impulses described in chapter 4.• Much of the current research on biological neural networks involves the study of invertebrate animals, such as sea slugs or starfish.• He did research on legal matters for Carmine and knew a great deal about his holdings and operations.• Some suggest segregating girls from boys in math and science courses, relying on dubious research on child development.• Decades of research on a major scale points the finger at cholesterol as one of the key risk factors for heart disease.• There has been very little previous research on autobiographical memory.• However, there is a dearth of systematic research into the changes effected.• Kirby looked at existing programs and concluded that research into their effectiveness is incomplete and unclear.do ... research• By these we do not just mean that lots of people do research and take time over it.• I always got my work done, and I have been able to do some research on the side.• She decided to do some research herself and then approach her boss directly to discuss the merits of additional outsourcing moves.• How to do research based on their theories has proved difficult for the phenomenologists.• Sending students to the library to do research reports on two possible careers simply is not adequate.• He had to buy a lot of different numbers of magazines to do his research.• I wanted to do my own research.re·search2 /rɪˈsɜːtʃ $ -ɜːr-/ ●●○ AWL verb [intransitive, transitive] 1 SESTUDYto study a subject in detail, especially in order to discover new facts or test new ideas 研究；探索 → investigate He’s been researching material for a documentary. 他一直在研究材料，准备做一个纪录片。research into Ten years ago I began researching into the role of women in trade unions. 十年前我开始研究妇女在工会里的地位。 RegisterIn everyday English, people often use the expression do research rather than the verb to research: 在日常英语中，人们常用do research，而不用动词researchShe’s been doing some research into the history of the area. 她一直在研究该地区的历史。2 STUDYto get all the necessary facts and information for something （为…）进行研究，搜集资料 This book has been very well researched. 该书是在搜集了大量资料的基础上写成的。→ See Verb tableExamples from the Corpus
research• Joslin's legal documents were praised for being well researched.• He researched alone at night, and by day discussed his findings with no one.• That was 10 years ago and since then I've researched and developed that simple dieting principle.• Vargas began researching his family's history 12 years ago.• Doctors researching into the causes of the disease believe they may have found a cure.• At one time we had about eighty people here who did nothing but research into various family genealogies.• Scientific Officer required to assist with a project researching intracellular events in scrapie-infected cells.• He spent four years researching material for the play.• The couple still maintain close links with local schools, where they spend hours researching, sketching and absorbing jokes.• They want to research the features and the prices and they want to get the information from some one they can trust.• It is important to research the market fully before offering a new product for sale.From Longman Business Dictionaryresearchre‧search /rɪˈsɜːtʃ, ˈriːsɜːtʃ-ɜːr-/ noun [uncountable]1study of a subject to find out new things about it or to test new ideas, products etcA leading pharmaceutical company will finance the research.What sets us apart from the rest of the industry is that we do research on our products to prove our claims. —research verb [intransitive, transitive]We need to research the market.2research centre/institute etc an organization or department where new ideas and products are developed, tested etca research centre to test US-made Honda partsThese studies were conducted in more than 160 independent universities and research institutions in 23 countries.Origin research1 (1500-1600) Old French recerche, from recerchier “to find out about something thoroughly”, from cerchier; → SEARCH2re·search1 noun →COLLOCATIONS1 →n THESAURUS1re·search2 verb →REGISTER1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
serious of a in Business Corpus study to subject, order
research
re‧search1 S2 W1 AC /rɪˈsɜːtʃ, ˈriːsɜːtʃ $ -ɜːr-/ 
noun [uncountable] (also researches [plural] formal)
research into/on
research into the causes of cancer
Gould was helped in his researches by local naturalists.
2. the activity of finding information about something that you are interested in or need to know about:
It’s a good idea to do some research before you buy a house.
⇨ investigation
⇨ market research
■ verbs
▪do/carry out research (also conduct research formal) The research was carried out by a team of scientists at Edinburgh University. | Little research has been conducted into the subject.
▪undertake research formal (=start or do research) They are planning to undertake research into the genetic causes of the disease.
■ adjectives
▪scientific research Our conclusions are based on scientific research.
▪medical research The charity raises money for medical research.
▪historical research This is a fascinating piece of historical research.
▪basic research (=the most important or most necessary area of research) He wants to conduct basic research into the nature of human cells.
▪extensive research (=research that examines a lot of information and details) Extensive research has proved the theory wrong.
▪painstaking research (=very careful and thorough research) She spent years carrying out painstaking historical research.
▪pioneering research (=research that produces completely new information) Watson did pioneering research on the long-term effects of dieting.
■ research + NOUN
▪a research project/programme The research project will be funded by the Medical Research Council.
▪research findings (=what is discovered by a piece of research) He will present his research findings at the conference.
▪research work Doctor Fox received world-wide acclaim for her research work on breast cancer.
▪a research team The professor will head a research team working on the effects of climatic change on agriculture.
▪a research student He supervised many research students.
▪a research grant (=money for doing research) Have you applied for a research grant?
■ phrases
▪an area/field of research This is a very exciting area of research.
▪a piece of research A recent piece of research shows why marriages break up.
▪a body of research (=results from several pieces of research) There is a large body of research which indicates that passive smoking causes cancer.
■ COMMON ERRORS
► Do not say 'make research'. Say do research or carry out research.
▪ research noun [uncountable] careful detailed work that is done in order to find out more about a subject, especially as a part of a scientific or academic project: Billions of dollars have been spent on research into the causes and treatment of cancer. | The University has for a long time been a leading centre for research in this field.
▪work noun [uncountable] the studies that have been done on a particular subject: Faraday is famous for his work on electricity. | A lot of work has been done on hydrogen-powered cars. | Their work had an enormous influence on the study of genetics.
▪study noun [countable] a piece of work in which someone examines a particular subject in order to find out more about it, and writes about what they have found: The study showed that 25 percent of adults do not eat breakfast at all, compared with 14 percent in 1961. | Recent studies suggest that our sense of smell is closely linked with the part of the brain that deals with memory.
▪experiment noun [countable] a scientific test in order to find out what happens when you do something: They carried out a series of experiments (=they did a series of experiments) in order to try to prove their theory. | Experiments have shown that there is an increased risk of some forms of cancer.
re‧search2 AC /rɪˈsɜːtʃ $ -ɜːr-/ verb [intransitive and transitive]
He’s been researching material for a documentary.
research into
Ten years ago I began researching into the role of women in trade unions.
REGISTER
In everyday English, people often use the expression do research rather than the verb to research:
▪She’s been doing some research into the history of the area.
2. to get all the necessary facts and information for something:
This book has been very well researched.
—researcher noun [countable]
| I |
noun [uncountable] (also researches [plural] formal) Word Family: noun: search, research, researcher; verb: search, research; adverb: searchingly; adjective: searching
Date: 1500-1600
Language: Old French
Origin: recerche, from recerchier 'to find out about something thoroughly', from cerchier; ⇨ search2
1. serious study of a subject, in order to discover new facts or test new ideasLanguage: Old French
Origin: recerche, from recerchier 'to find out about something thoroughly', from cerchier; ⇨ search2
research into/on
2. the activity of finding information about something that you are interested in or need to know about:
⇨ investigation
⇨ market research
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■ research + NOUN
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■ COMMON ERRORS
► Do not say 'make research'. Say do research or carry out research.
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| II |
verb [intransitive and transitive] Word Family: noun: search, research, researcher; verb: search, research; adverb: searchingly; adjective: searching
1. to study a subject in detail, especially in order to discover new facts or test new ideas ⇨ investigate: research into
REGISTER
In everyday English, people often use the expression do research rather than the verb to research:
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2. to get all the necessary facts and information for something:
—researcher noun [countable]
especially in
Theory 理论
formulate/advance a theory/hypothesis创立理论；提出假设 build/construct/create/develop a simple/theoretical/mathematical model创立一个简单／理论／数学模型 develop/establish/provide/use a theoretical/conceptual framework创立／建立／提供／使用理论／概念框架 advance/argue/develop the thesis that…提出／论证／详尽阐述…的论题 explore an idea/a concept/a hypothesis探讨一个想法／概念／假设 make a prediction/an inference预测；推断 base a prediction/your calculations on sth基于…做出预测／估算 investigate/evaluate/accept/challenge/reject a theory/hypothesis/model研究／评估／接受／质疑／拒绝接受一个理论／假设／模型
Experiment 实验
design an experiment/a questionnaire/a study/a test设计一项实验／问卷／研究／测试 do research/an experiment/an analysis做研究／实验／分析 make observations/measurements/calculations观察；测量；计算 carry out/conduct/perform an experiment/a test/a longitudinal study/observations/clinical trials进行实验／测试／纵向研究／观察／临床试验 run an experiment/a simulation/clinical trials进行实验／模拟／临床试验 repeat an experiment/a test/an analysis重做实验／测试／分析 replicate a study/the results/the findings做相同的研究；得出同样的结果／调查结果 observe/study/examine/investigate/assess a pattern/a process/a behaviour/( a behaviorespecially
观察／研究／审查／调查／评估一种模式／一个过程／一种行为 fund/support the research/project/study资助／支持研究／项目／专题研究 seek/provide/get/secure funding for research寻求／提供／得到／争取到研究资金
Results 结果
collect/gather/extract data/information收集／提取数据／信息 yield data/evidence/similar findings/the same results得到数据／证据／类似调查结果／相同结果 analyse/examine the data/soil samples/a specimen分析／考查数据／土壤样本／样本 consider/compare/interpret the results/findings思考／比较／解释结果／调查结果 fit the data/model与数据／模型相符合 confirm/support/verify a prediction/a hypothesis/the results/the findings证实／支持／核实预测／假设／结果／调查结果 prove a conjecture/hypothesis/theorem证明猜测／假设／定理 draw/make/reach the same conclusions得出同样的结论 read/review the records/literature阅读／评论记录／文献 describe/report an experiment/a study描述／报告一项实验／研究 present/publish/summarize the results/findings提交／公布／总结结果／调查结果 present/publish/read/review/cite a paper in a scientific journal向科学杂志提交一篇论文；在科学杂志发表一篇论文；阅读／评论／引用科学杂志上的一篇论文