restriction
Word family
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++re·stric·tion /rɪˈstrɪkʃən/ ●●○ W3 AWL noun 1 [countable]RULE/REGULATION a rule or law that limits or controls what people can do 限制，规定，约束restriction on restrictions on immigration 移民限制 a 50 mph speed restriction 每小时50英里的限速trade/travel restrictions 贸易/旅行限制impose/place restrictions on something The law imposed new financial restrictions on private companies. 该法规对私营公司实施新的金融限制。strict/tough/tight restriction tougher restrictions on alcohol advertising 对酒类广告更严格的限制lift/remove a restriction Restrictions on trade were lifted. 贸易限制取消了。► see thesaurus at rule2. [uncountable]LIMIT when you restrict the size, amount, or range of something 〔对大小、数量或范围的〕限制n COLLOCATIONSverbsput/place restrictions on somethingThe authorities placed strict restrictions on diamond exports.impose restrictions formal (=put restrictions on something)Some countries have imposed restrictions on advertising aimed at children.introduce restrictionsNine other states now plan to introduce similar restrictions.lift/remove restrictionsHe promised to lift restrictions on press freedom.tighten restrictions (=make them stricter)The government recently tightened restrictions on police use of firearms.relax/ease restrictions (=make them less strict)There are restrictions on travel to Cuba by American citizens.a restriction applies to somebody/somethingThese travel restrictions don’t apply to tourists.ADJECTIVES/NOUN + restrictionssevere/strict restrictionsThe regime had put severe restrictions upon the media.tough restrictions (=strict)He called for tougher restrictions on contributions to political parties.petty restrictions (=that seem unreasonable and unnecessary)The removal of petty restrictions has made it much easier to do business.speed restrictionsDrivers are ignoring speed restrictions.an age restrictionEmployers can no longer place age restrictions on applicants.trade restrictions (=on the sale of goods between countries)Trade restrictions between the islands were removed.import/export restrictions (=trade restrictions)Import restrictions on manufactured goods have been lifted.travel restrictionsThe Home Secretary placed travel restrictions on supporters with convictions for violence.planning restrictions (=legal restrictions on what buildings can be built somewhere)There are government proposals to relax planning restrictions on green belt areas around cities.parking restrictionsAre there parking restrictions in the city centre?Examples from the Corpus
restriction• The Act is a mass of technical paperwork and restriction.• There are restrictions on what you can bring into the country. Alcohol, for example, is totally forbidden.• Registered companies are exempted from all taxes on approved activities, and no currency or exchange restrictions are imposed.• But no journey restrictions will be lifted completely, and all journey times will take longer than normal.• For a while they tried using price restrictions as a way of controlling inflation.• Most lived under severe restrictions, but some dealt with their neighbors on a near-equal basis.• It is modern technology all wrapped up without the cable to trip over, and the restriction of power point locations.• Farming policy in Cumbria was greatly influenced by the heavy rainfall and the restrictions imposed by the National Park Regulations.• The restrictions on trading are designed to limit the potential impact of the options market on the stock market.• The restrictions imposed by the censors make objective reporting of news impossible.• Congress voted to lift trade restrictions against Iran.lift/remove a restriction• Pay for all medical care with after-tax dollars. Remove restrictions on insurers and let people buy for themselves inexpensive insurance.• Some countries have lifted restrictions on nationality and now allow local nationals to set up in the zones.• The accent was on lifting restrictions on individual liberty.• But Clinton said he vetoed that bill, partly because Republicans removed restrictions on corporate raids on pension funds.• The first will aim to remove restrictions on where the funds can invest, and who can manage them.• The unions were challenged to lift restrictions on radios, the movement of staff between stations and the carrying of seriously-ill patients.• The climate of deregulation made it necessary to remove restrictions on the ability of building societies to compete in financial markets.• Among them is one that would lift restrictions on the voting rights of shares.From Longman Business Dictionaryrestrictionre‧stric‧tion /rɪˈstrɪkʃən/ noun [countable] an official rule that limits or controls what people can do or what is allowed to happenConstruction lending has been badly hit by restrictions on loans.It plans to relax the toughimport restrictions it imposed in March.US trade restrictionsre·stric·tion noun →n COLLOCATIONS1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
Corpus limits that law or rule Business a
restriction
re‧stric‧tion W3 AC /rɪˈstrɪkʃən/
noun1. [countable] a rule or law that limits or controls what people can do
restriction on
restrictions on immigration
a 50 mph speed restriction
trade/travel restrictions
impose/place restrictions on something
The law imposed new financial restrictions on private companies.
strict/tough/tight restriction
tougher restrictions on alcohol advertising
lift/remove a restriction
Restrictions on trade were lifted.
2. [uncountable] when you restrict the size, amount, or range of something
■ verbs
▪put/place restrictions on something The authorities placed strict restrictions on diamond exports.
▪impose restrictions formal (=put restrictions on something) Some countries have imposed restrictions on advertising aimed at children.
▪introduce restrictions Nine other states now plan to introduce similar restrictions.
▪lift/remove restrictions He promised to lift restrictions on press freedom.
▪tighten restrictions (=make them stricter) The government recently tightened restrictions on police use of firearms.
▪relax/ease restrictions (=make them less strict) There are restrictions on travel to Cuba by American citizens.
▪a restriction applies to somebody/something These travel restrictions don’t apply to tourists.
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + restrictions
▪severe/strict restrictions The regime had put severe restrictions upon the media.
▪tough restrictions (=strict) He called for tougher restrictions on contributions to political parties.
▪petty restrictions (=that seem unreasonable and unnecessary) The removal of petty restrictions has made it much easier to do business.
▪speed restrictions Drivers are ignoring speed restrictions.
▪an age restriction Employers can no longer place age restrictions on applicants.
▪trade restrictions (=on the sale of goods between countries) Trade restrictions between the islands were removed.
▪import/export restrictions (=trade restrictions) Import restrictions on manufactured goods have been lifted.
▪travel restrictions The Home Secretary placed travel restrictions on supporters with convictions for violence.
▪planning restrictions (=legal restrictions on what buildings can be built somewhere) There are government proposals to relax planning restrictions on green belt areas around cities.
▪parking restrictions Are there parking restrictions in the city centre?
▪ rule an instruction that says what people are allowed to do or not allowed to do, for example in a game, school, or company: the rules of baseball | He disobeyed the school rules.
▪law an official rule that everyone in a country, city, or state must obey: It is against the law to carry a concealed weapon. | The law requires motorcyclists to wear helmets.
▪regulation an official rule or order, which is part of a set of rules made by a government or organization: the regulations for applying for a passport | building regulations | environmental regulations on air pollution
▪restriction an official rule that limits what people can do: new restrictions on immigration | The government is planning to impose regulations on the amount of alcohol you can bring into the country.
▪guidelines rules or instructions about the best way to do something: the Department of Health’s guidelines for a healthy diet | guidelines for classroom teachers
▪code a set of rules that people or organizations agree to obey but are not forced to obey: The school has a dress code for its students. | the company’s code of conduct
▪statute formal a law that has been officially approved by a parliament, council etc, and written down: The statute banned corporal punishment.
▪ordinance American English a law, made by a city or town, that forbids or restricts an activity: A local ordinance limited speed in the parks to ten miles an hour.
re‧stric‧tion W3 AC /rɪˈstrɪkʃən/
noun1. [countable] a rule or law that limits or controls what people can dorestriction on
trade/travel restrictions
impose/place restrictions on something
strict/tough/tight restriction
lift/remove a restriction
2. [uncountable] when you restrict the size, amount, or range of something
| COLLOCATIONS |
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + restrictions
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
| THESAURUS |
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
limit the greatest or smallest amount of sth that is allowed 指极限、限量、限额 ：◆ The EU has set strict limits on pollution levels. 欧盟对污染程度作了严格的限定。 ◆ the speed limit 速度限制 restriction ( a rule or law that limits what you can dorather
指限制规定、限制法规 ：◆ There are no restrictions on the amount of money you can withdraw. 取款没有限额。 control (often in compounds) the act of limiting or managing sth; a method of doing this （常构成复合词）指限制、约束、管理、管制 ：◆ arms control 军备控制 constraint ( a fact or decision that limits what you can dorather
指限制、限定、约束 ：◆ We have to work within severe constraints of time and money. 我们必须在时间紧迫、资金紧张的限制下工作。 restraint ( a decision, a rule, an idea, etc. that limits what you can do; the act of limiting sth because it is necessary or sensible to do sorather
指约束力、管制措施、制约因素、控制、限制 ：◆ The government has imposed export restraints on some products. 政府对一些产品实行了出口控制。 ◆ The unions are unlikely to accept any sort of wage restraint. 工会不大可能接受任何形式的工资限制。 limitation the act or process of limiting sth; a rule, fact or condition that limits sth 指限制、控制、起限制作用的规则、事实或条件 ：◆ They would resist any limitation of their powers. 他们会抵制对他们权力的任何限制。
restriction, constraint, restraint or limitation? 用 restriction、constraint、restraint 还是 limitation？
These are all things that limit what you can do. A restriction is rule or law that is made by sb in authority. Aconstraint is sth that exists rather than sth that is made, although it may exist as a result of sb's decision. Arestraint is also sth that exists: it can exist outside yourself, as the result of sb else's decision; but it can also exist inside you, as a fear of what other people may think or as your own feeling about what is acceptable.以上各词均表示限制规定。restriction 指掌权者所作的规定或法规。constraint 指现存的限制或约束而非作出的决定，尽管这种约束也可能是因他人的决定而存在。restraint 亦指现存的限制或制约因素，既可能指自身以外的因素，如他人的决定；也可能指自身因素，如担心别人的想法或顾虑自己的做法能否被接受 ：◆ moral/social/cultural restraints 道德／社会／文化制约因素 A limitation is more general and can be a rule that sb makes or a fact or condition that exists.* limitation 较通用，可指人为的规定，也可指客观存在的构成限制的事实或条件。
Patterns
limits/restrictions/controls/constraints/restraints/limitations on sthlimits/limitations to sthsevere limits/restrictions/controls/constraints/restraints/limitationstight limits/restrictions/controls/constraintsto impose/remove limits/restrictions/controls/constraints/restraints/limitationsto lift restrictions/controls/constraints/restraints