sanction
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++sanc·tion1 /ˈsæŋkʃən/ ●○○ noun 1 sanctions [plural]PPP official orders or laws stopping trade, communication etc with another country, as a way of forcing its leaders to make political changes 〔对某国的〕制裁 → embargosanctions against US sanctions against Cuba 美国对古巴的制裁 a resolution to impose sanctions (=start using sanctions) on North Korea 对朝鲜实施制裁的决议 the threat of trade sanctions 贸易制裁的威胁 The UN Security Council may impose economic sanctions. 联合国安理会可能会实施经济制裁。 Any talk about lifting sanctions (=ending them) is premature. 现时就谈取消制裁为时过早。2 [uncountable] formalPGLET/ALLOW official permission, approval, or acceptance 正式许可，批准，接受 SYN approval Apparently, the aide had acted without White House sanction. 这名助理的所作所为显然未经过白宫的批准。3 [countable] formalSCC a form of punishment that can be used if someone disobeys a rule or law 处罚，惩罚 SYN punishment the harshest possible sanction which could be imposed 可能采取的最严厉的处罚n COLLOCATIONSADJECTIVES/NOUN + sanctions economic/trade sanctionsThe United Nations is considering new economic sanctions.international sanctionsInternational sanctions were imposed on Iraq after it invaded Kuwait in 1990.tough/strict sanctions (=severe)Due to strict sanctions, the country is unable to import the medicines it needs.verbsimpose sanctions (=start using them)The US imposed economic sanctions on Panama.lift sanctions (=stop using them)Washington has since refused to lift sanctions.ease sanctions (=make them less strict)The last administration decided to ease sanctions against Cuba.enforce sanctions (=make sure they are obeyed)The UN will have the job of enforcing the sanctions.break/violate sanctions (=send something to another country when this is not allowed)Several companies broke trade sanctions by continuing to export weapons to the country.
Examples from the Corpus
sanction• This confidence was given a democratic sanction in the referendum of 28 September 1958.• He acted without religious or government sanction.• Polanyi would propose a world environment organisation with the right to impose sanctions on countries that refuse to cut emissions.• Like informal sanctions, formal sanctions may be positive or negative.• Harrassment of ethnic or religious minorities would result in various international sanctions.• Mijic said his paper is facing an inner wall of sanctions, however.• Such sanctions are likely to make the child angry.• Britain said it was ready to lift the sanctions at once.• When I was there they were desperate for one and anxious that the sanctions should be lifted.sanction2 ●○○ verb [transitive] formal 1 LET/ALLOWto officially accept or allow something 批准，准许 SYN approve The church refused to sanction the king’s second marriage. 教会拒绝批准国王的第二次婚姻。► see thesaurus at allow2 be sanctioned by something formal ACCEPTto be made acceptable by something 为某事物所认可 a barbaric custom, but one sanctioned by long usage 一种野蛮但由来已久的风俗→ See Verb tableExamples from the Corpus
sanction• There can be no art movement of the last 200 years that he has failed to sanction.• Nevertheless, extreme vigilance and monitoring are still needed each time a new product is sanctioned for release into the environment.• Gambling will be not be sanctioned in any form.• Allowing them to make such a decision does not sanction it - far from it.• When used to sanction official disapproval of the Third Reich, this approach is unlikely to be controversial.• This judicial readiness to sanction rescue was revised in post-war years in the light of Bowlby's work on maternal deprivation.• Sefton council will consider whether to sanction the operation.• They gave away small parcels, and even sanctioned the right to buy and sell property in the 1993 constitution.• Rabin told the Knesset that while he had sanctioned the use of force, he had never given illegal orders.From Longman Business Dictionarysanctionsanc‧tion /ˈsæŋkʃən/ noun1sanctions [plural]ECONOMICS official orders or laws stopping trade, communication etc with another country as a way of forcing political changessanctions againstThe US imposed tough trade sanctions against Cuba.The UN security council unanimously refused to lift economic sanctions.2[countable]LAW a punishment for disobeying a rule or lawThe most severe sanction the panel could recommend is expulsion from the Senate.3[countable] official permission or approvalThe proposals are subject to the official sanction of the Council. —sanction verb [transitive]Shareholders must sanction donations to political parties before they are made.Origin sanction1 (1400-1500) Old French Latin sanctio, from sancire; → SAINTsanc·tion1 noun →n COLLOCATIONS1sanction2 verbLDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
trade, Corpus official Business stopping orders laws or
sanction
sanc‧tion1 /ˈsæŋkʃən/ 
noun1. sanctions [plural] official orders or laws stopping trade, communication etc with another country, as a way of forcing its leaders to make political changes ⇨ embargo
sanctions against
US sanctions against Cuba
a resolution to impose sanctions (=start using sanctions) on North Korea
the threat of trade sanctions
The UN Security Council may impose economic sanctions.
Any talk about lifting sanctions (=ending them) is premature.
2. [uncountable] formal official permission, approval, or acceptance
SYN approval:
Apparently, the aide had acted without White House sanction.
3. [countable] formal a form of punishment that can be used if someone disobeys a rule or law
SYN punishment:
the harshest possible sanction which could be imposed
■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + sanctions
▪economic/trade sanctions The United Nations is considering new economic sanctions.
▪international sanctions International sanctions were imposed on Iraq after it invaded Kuwait in 1990.
▪tough/strict sanctions (=severe) Due to strict sanctions, the country is unable to import the medicines it needs.
■ verbs
▪impose sanctions (=start using them) The US imposed economic sanctions on Panama.
▪lift sanctions (=stop using them) Washington has since refused to lift sanctions.
▪ease sanctions (=make them less strict) The last administration decided to ease sanctions against Cuba.
▪enforce sanctions (=make sure they are obeyed) The UN will have the job of enforcing the sanctions.
▪break/violate sanctions (=send something to another country when this is not allowed) Several companies broke trade sanctions by continuing to export weapons to the country.
sanction2 verb [transitive] formal
1. to officially accept or allow something
SYN approve:
The church refused to sanction the king’s second marriage.
2. be sanctioned by something to be made acceptable by something:
a barbaric custom, but one sanctioned by long usage
▪ allow to say that someone can do something – used about parents, teachers, or people in authority: They don’t allow students to chew gum in the classroom. | I’m not allowed to stay out after ten o'clock.
▪let [not in passive] to allow someone to do something. Let is not used in the passive, and is much more commonly used in everyday English than allow: Will your Mum let you come to the party? | I’ll borrow John’s bicycle, if he’ll let me.
▪permit formal if something is permitted, it is allowed according to the rules - used especially on written notices and announcements: Smoking is not permitted anywhere in the building.
▪give somebody permission used when someone in an important official position decides to allow someone to do something: He was given special permission to leave school early. | The Home Office has given him permission to stay in Britain indefinitely.
▪give your consent to say that you will allow someone to do something that will affect you personally, or a member of your family, when you have a legal right to say ‘no’: Her parents have given their consent to the marriage. | You can’t build on someone’s land without the owner’s consent.
▪give something the go-ahead to officially allow a planned project or activity to happen: The government finally gave the go-ahead for a new terminal at Heathrow airport. | A new nuclear plant has been given the go-ahead.
▪authorize to officially or legally allow someone to do something - used about laws or people: The UN resolution would authorize the use of force. | I never authorized them to give information about me to other banks.
▪entitle to give someone the right to do or have something: The pass entitles you to travel on any bus, at any time, in Norwich. | If the goods are faulty, the customer is entitled to a refund.
▪sanction formal to give official approval and support for something: The Truman administration refused to sanction a military attack. | The advertisements were sanctioned by the candidate himself.
| I |
noun1. sanctions [plural] official orders or laws stopping trade, communication etc with another country, as a way of forcing its leaders to make political changes ⇨ embargosanctions against
2. [uncountable] formal official permission, approval, or acceptance
SYN approval:
3. [countable] formal a form of punishment that can be used if someone disobeys a rule or law
SYN punishment:
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| II |
verb [transitive] formal1. to officially accept or allow something
SYN approve:
2. be sanctioned by something to be made acceptable by something:
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Trade 贸易
facilitate/regulate trade (with other countries)促进／规范（与其他国家的）贸易 form/join a trading bloc建立／加入贸易同盟 live in/compete in a global/the world economy生存于全球／世界经济中；参与全球／世界经济竞争 support/promote free trade支持／促进自由贸易 adopt/call for/oppose protectionist measures采取／呼吁／反对保护主义措施 erect/impose/reduce/remove trade barriers设置／推行／减少／消除贸易壁垒 impose/lift/raise/eliminate import tariffs (on sth)征收／取消／提高／废除（某物的）进口关税 have/run a huge/large/growing trade surplus/deficit有巨额／持续增长的贸易顺差／逆差 embrace/resist/drive globalization接受／抵制／推进全球化
Politics and law 政治与法律
conduct/handle/talk about/discuss foreign policy执行／掌控／谈论／讨论外交政策 pursue an aggressive/a hawkish foreign policy执行强硬的外交政策 require/use/conduct diplomacy需要／使用／实施外交手段 establish/break off/sever/restore diplomatic relations建立／中断／断绝／恢复外交关系 foster/promote/strengthen regional cooperation促进地区间合作 facilitate/achieve economic/political integration促进／实现经济／政治一体化 exercise/defend/protect/transfer/restore/regain national/state/full/limited sovereignty行使／维护／保护／移交／恢复／重获民族／国家／全部／部分主权 consolidate/extend/lose/retain your power (in the region)巩固／扩张／丧失／保持（区域内的）势力 hold/maintain/change/alter/shift/be a shift in the balance of power (in the region)维持／改变（区域内的）势力均衡 cause/create/open/expose/heal/repair a deep/growing/major/serious rift between X and Y导致／造成／引发／暴露出／弥合／修复 X 与 Y 之间深层次的／不断扩大的／主要的／严重的分歧
Meetings and agreements 会议与协议
have/hold/host/attend an international conference/an economic forum/a G20 summit召开／举行／主办／出席国际会议／经济论坛／二十国集团峰会 launch a new round of global/multilateral/world trade negotiations发起新一轮的全球／多边／世界贸易谈判 send/head/lead/meet a high-level/an official/a trade delegation派遣／领导／带领／会见高层／官方／贸易代表团 begin/start/continue/resume peace talks开始／继续／重启和平谈判 be committed to/be opposed to/disrupt/undermine/derail/sabotage the peace process致力于／反对／扰乱／损害／干扰／破坏和平进程 negotiate/achieve a lasting political settlement达成／取得长期的政治协议 broker/sign a peace deal/agreement/treaty协商／签署和平协议
Conflict 冲突
be/constitute/pose a threat to global security构成对全球安全的一大威胁 compromise/endanger/protect national security损害／危及／保护国家安全 justify/be in favour of/ ( especially
be in favor of/be against military intervention证明军事干预合理；支持／反对军事干预 threaten/authorize/launch/take/support/oppose unilateral/pre-emptive military action扬言采取／授权使用／发起／采取／支持／反对单边的／先发制人的军事行动 impose/enforce/lift/end economic sanctions/an arms embargo/a naval blockade强制实行／解除经济制裁／武器禁运／海上封锁 close/protect/secure/patrol the border封锁／保卫边境；在边境地区巡逻 lead/be involved in a peacekeeping operation领导／参与维和行动
Aid 援助
negotiate/announce a $15 billion aid package/an economic stimulus package达成／宣布 150 亿美元的一套援助计划／刺激经济的一揽子计划 send/provide/request/cut off military aid派遣／提供／请求／中断军事援助 bring/provide emergency/humanitarian relief带来／提供紧急／人道主义救助 deliver/distribute medical supplies/( food parcelsBrE 运送／分发医疗用品／食品包 fund/run a foreign/a local/an international NGO资助／管理外国／当地／国际非政府组织 reduce/eradicate child/global/world poverty减少／根除儿童／全球性／世界性贫困