shall
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++shall /ʃəl; strong ʃæl/ ●●● S1 W1 modal verb (negative short form shan’t) 1 shall I/we ... ? ASK FOR something/ASK somebody TO DO somethingSUGGEST spoken used to make a suggestion, or ask a question that you want the other person to decide about …好吗？要不要…？〔用于提建议或要求他人作决定的问句中〕 Shall I open the window? 要我开窗吗？ Shall we say 6 o'clock, then? 那么，我们就定在6点钟好吗？ What shall I get for dinner? 晚饭要我弄点什么？2 I/we shall WILL especially British English formal used to say what you will do in the future 我/我们将要 We shall be away next week. 我们下周要出去。 I shall have to be careful. 我得当心。 I’ve never liked her and I never shall. 我从来都不喜欢她，以后也不会。 We shall have finished by Friday. 星期五前我们就能完成了。3 formal or old-fashionedWILL used to emphasize that something will definitely happen, or that you are determined that something should happen 〔某事〕必定，一定〔发生〕 The truth shall make you free. 真理必令你们得自由。 I said you could go, and so you shall. 我说了你可以去，你就一定可以去。4 formalSCL used in official documents to state an order, law, promise etc 应该，必须〔用于正式文件中，表示命令、法律、允诺等〕 All payments shall be made in cash. 所有款项都必须以现金支付。
Examples from the Corpus
shall• No such authorization shall be given without the manager's written consent.• If you can advise me I shall be very grateful.• I shall come to you for advice, said Liz.• I shall consider briefly how these historical changes have affected patterns of support between family members.• We shall have even less time than before to enrich the curriculum with a range of imaginative exploratory activity.• Some are political, and to these we shall return in a moment.• We shall see how this affects the question of determinism in these theories.• As we shall see in the next chapter, many of these practices are still in use.• Being Prime Minister was' the most enormous privilege ... and one I shall treasure.• But here again it appears that poor Michael was, shall we say, not fully briefed.Origin shall Old English scealshall modal verbChinese
used Corpus make to ask a or suggestion, a
shall
shall S1 W1 /ʃəl; strong ʃæl/
modal verb (negative short form shan’t)
Shall I open the window?
Shall we say 6 o'clock, then?
What shall I get for dinner?
2. I/we shall especially British English formal used to say what you will do in the future:
We shall be away next week.
I shall have to be careful.
I’ve never liked her and I never shall.
We shall have finished by Friday.
3. formal or old-fashioned used to emphasize that something will definitely happen, or that you are determined that something should happen:
The truth shall make you free.
I said you could go, and so you shall.
4. formal used in official documents to state an order, law, promise etc:
All payments shall be made in cash.
shall S1 W1 /ʃəl; strong ʃæl/
modal verb (negative short form shan’t) Language: Old English
Origin: sceal
1. shall I/we ... ? spoken used to make a suggestion, or ask a question that you want the other person to decide about:Origin: sceal
2. I/we shall especially British English formal used to say what you will do in the future:
3. formal or old-fashioned used to emphasize that something will definitely happen, or that you are determined that something should happen:
4. formal used in official documents to state an order, law, promise etc:
especially
becoming
In modern English the traditional difference between shall andwill has almost disappeared, andshall is not used very much at all, especially inNAmE Shall is now only used withI andwe , and often sounds formal and old-fashioned.在现代英语中，shall 和 will 的传统区别几乎不复存在。shall 基本上不怎么用，尤其在美式英语中。shall 目前只与 I 和 we 连用，且听起来常显得正式并过时。 ：People are more likely to say 人们更可能说 ：◆ I'll (= be late.I will )我要迟到了。 and 和 ：◆ 'You'll (= apologize immediately.' 'No I won't!'you will )“你赶快赔个不是。” “不，我不！” In BrE shall is still used withI andwe in questions or when you want to make a suggestion or an offer.在英式英语中，shall 仍然与 I 和 we 连用，用于疑问句、提出建议或提供帮助 ：◆ What shall I wear to the party? 我穿什么衣服去参加聚会呢？ ◆ Shall we order some coffee? 我们要些咖啡好吗？ ◆ I'll drive, shall I? 我来开车好吗？
◆ Would you like me to help you with that?你要我来帮你做这件事吗？ ◆ Can I give you a hand? 要我帮一把吗？ ◆ Can I help you with that?要我帮你做这件事吗？ ◆ Shall I carry that for you?( BrE or NAmE 我来帮你提着它好不好？ ◆ Would it help if I spoke to Julie before you call her?你给朱莉打电话之前我先跟她谈谈是否有帮助？ ◆ Let me take your bag.我帮你拿包吧。 ◆ If there's anything I can do (to help), let me know.要是我能帮上什么忙的话，请告诉我。
◆ That's very kind/nice/generous/thoughtful of you. Thank you. 你真是太好了／太慷慨了／太周到了。谢谢你。 ◆ It's all right, thank you. I can manage/do it. 没事儿，谢谢你。我应付得了。 ◆ Thanks. That would be very helpful. 谢谢，那会非常有用。
The modal verbs arecan ,could ,may ,might ,must ,ought to ,shall ,should ,will andwould .Dare ,need ,have to andused to also share some of the features of modal verbs.* can、could、may、might、must、ought to、shall、should、will 和 would 均为情态动词。dare、need、have to 和 used to 亦具有情态动词的某些特性。 Modal verbs have only one form. They have no -ing or-ed forms and do not add-s to the 3rd person singular form.情态动词只有一种形式，没有 -ing 或 -ed 形式，第三人称单数也不加 -s ：◆ He can speak three languages. 他会说三种语言。 ◆ She will try and visit tomorrow. 她明天将设法去参观。 Modal verbs are followed by the infinitive of another verb without to . The exceptions areought to ,have to andused to .情态动词后跟不带 to 的动词不定式，但 ought to、have to 和 used to 例外 ：◆ You must find a job. 你必须找到一份工作。 ◆ You ought to stop smoking. 你应当戒烟。 ◆ I used to smoke but I gave up two years ago. 我过去抽烟，但两年前就戒了。 Questions are formed without do /does in the present, ordid in the past.疑问句现在时不用 do/does，过去时不用 did ：◆ Can I invite Mary? 我可以邀请玛丽吗？ ◆ Should I have invited Mary? 我本该邀请玛丽吗？ Negative sentences are formed with not or the short form-n't and do not usedo /does ordid .否定句用 not 或简约式 -n't，不用 do/does 或 did。