shoulder
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++shoul·der1 /ˈʃəʊldə $ ˈʃoʊldər/ ●●● S2 W2 noun 1 body part 身体的一部分HBH [countable] one of the two parts of the body at each side of the neck where the arm is connected 肩膀 She tapped the driver on the shoulder. 她拍拍司机的肩。 He put his arm around her shoulders. 他用手臂搂住她的肩。 His shoulders were broad and powerful. 他的肩膀宽阔强壮。2 clothes 衣服DCC [countable] the part of a piece of clothing that covers your shoulders 衣服的肩部，衣肩 a jacket with padded shoulders 一件有垫肩的夹克衫3 meat 肉类DF [countable, uncountable] the upper part of the front leg of an animal that is used for meat 〔动物的〕前腿连肩肉shoulder of a shoulder of pork 猪肘子4. be looking over your shoulder to feel worried that something unpleasant is going to happen to you 惴惴不安，忐忑不安5 a) a shoulder to cry onKIND someone who gives you sympathy 给予安慰的人，倾诉的对象 Ben is always there when I need a shoulder to cry on. 在我需要有个人倾诉一下时，本总是在我身边。 b) cry on somebody’s shoulder to get sympathy from someone when you tell them your problems 向某人倾诉〔以得到安慰〕6 shoulder to shoulder TOGETHER a) having the same aims and wanting to achieve the same thing 齐心协力地 SYN side by sideshoulder to shoulder with We are working shoulder to shoulder with local residents. 我们和当地居民肩并肩共同努力。 b) physically close together 肩并肩地 SYN side by side Blacks and whites stood shoulder to shoulder in the stands to applaud. 黑人和白人并肩站在看台上鼓掌。7 on somebody’s shoulders RESPONSIBLEif blame or a difficult job falls on someone’s shoulders, they have to take responsibility for it 〔责任〕由某人承担；〔任务〕落在某人肩上 The blame rests squarely on Jim’s shoulders. 过错全都归在吉姆身上。8. put your shoulder to the wheel WORK HARDto start to work with great effort and determination 甩开膀子干；开始奋力工作9. road-side 路边 [countable] American EnglishTTR an area of ground beside a road, where drivers can stop their cars if they are having trouble 〔公路旁的〕路肩，紧急停车道 → hard shoulder, soft shoulder10. curved shape 弧线形SG [countable] a rounded part just below the top of something 肩状部分 → give somebody the cold shoulder at cold1(7), → have a chip on your shoulder at chip1(5), → be/stand head and shoulders above the rest at head1(29), → rub shoulders with at rub1(5), → straight from the shoulder at straight1(10) COLLOCATIONSverbsshrug your shoulders (=raise them to show that you do not know or care about something) 耸肩膀〔表示不知道或无所谓〕Susan just shrugged her shoulders and said nothing. 苏珊只是耸耸肩膀,什么也没说。hunch your shoulders (=raise your shoulders and bend them forwards slightly) 耸起肩膀He hunched his shoulders against the rain. 他在雨中耸起肩膀。look/glance over your shoulder (=look behind you) 回头看He glanced over his shoulder and grinned at me. 他回过头来冲我咧嘴笑。somebody’s shoulders shake (=because they are crying or laughing) 〔因为哭或笑〕某人肩膀颤抖nHis shoulders were shaking and tears of laughter were running down his face.somebody’s shoulders slump/droop/sag (=move downwards because they are sad or tired) 〔因为伤心或疲倦〕某人肩膀垂下n‘You 're right, ’ he sighed, his shoulders drooping.somebody’s shoulders heave (=move up and down because they are crying or breathing deeply) 〔因为哭泣或深呼吸〕某人肩头起伏nShe turned her back again, her shoulders heaving, her eyes blind with tears.nstraighten/square your shoulders (=stand with your shoulders straight, in a determined way)She squared her shoulders and knocked on the door.adjectivesbroad/wide 宽阔的He was of medium height, with broad shoulders. 他中等个子,肩膀宽阔。strong/powerful 结实/强壮的He had powerful shoulders and a thick neck. 他肩膀强壮,脖子粗。nmassive/hugeDean shrugged his massive shoulders.narrow/slim 窄/纤细的nHer dark hair spilled over her narrow shoulders.nthin/bony shouldersShe put her arm around the girl’s thin shoulders.
Examples from the Corpus
shoulder• Its dripping wets the front of her dress, its rigid head glares over her shoulder.• He looked as though he'd lost twenty years, as though a ten-ton weight had been lifted from his shoulders.• Lorton was carrying a bag over his shoulder and humming under his breath.• Corbett just grinned over his shoulder and led them out on to the beaten track down to the village of Woodstock.• I drop her across my shoulder and walk away.• Our shoulders, arms and legs ache, but we hardly notice.• a pork shoulder roast• He pulled the chain that hung above his right shoulder.• Fredrickson dislocated his right shoulder early in the second quarter and did not return to the game.• Ben put his arm around Kari's shoulders.• Several cars with their hoods up were on the shoulder.shoulder2 verb 1 shoulder the responsibility/duty/cost/burden etc RESPONSIBLEto accept a difficult or unpleasant responsibility, duty etc 承担责任/过失/费用/负担等 The residents are being asked to shoulder the costs of the repairs. 居民们被要求承担这笔修理费用。2 [transitive]LIFT to lift something onto your shoulder to carry it 挑，扛，掮 They shouldered the boat and took it down to the river. 他们把船扛在肩上抬到河里。3 shoulder your way through/into etc PUSHto move through a large crowd of people by pushing with your shoulder 用肩膀挤着穿过/进入等 He ran after her, shouldering his way through the crowd. 他挤过人群去追她。4. shoulder arms PMan order given to soldiers telling them to hold their weapon against their shoulder 〔命令士兵〕枪上肩n COLLOCATIONSnounsshoulder a responsibilityThe coach shoulders the responsibility for winning and losing.shoulder a burdenMany women do paid work and also shoulder the burden of childcare.shoulder the blameParents are being made to shoulder the blame.shoulder the costThe government has decided to shoulder the extra cost itself.→ See Verb tableExamples from the Corpus
shoulder• Family graves may occasionally receive a visit by a lone person shouldering a glum aura.• He shouldered his ax and began walking into the woods.• Dorfman plays keyboards -- an injury preventing him from shouldering his usual accordion.• The burden of supporting the poor is shouldered mainly by charities.• After the publicists, casting directors began to shoulder the burden.• The company is unwilling to shoulder the cost of installing a daycare center.• The capacity of the fourteen divisions to shoulder this responsibility, and the load placed on each division both varied enormously.Origin shoulder1 Old English sculdorshoul·der1 noun →COLLOCATIONS1shoulder2 verb →n COLLOCATIONS1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
two Corpus the one parts of the of
shoulder
shoul‧der1 S2 W2 /ˈʃəʊldə $ ˈʃoʊldər/ 
noun
She tapped the driver on the shoulder.
He put his arm around her shoulders.
His shoulders were broad and powerful.
2. CLOTHES [countable] the part of a piece of clothing that covers your shoulders:
a jacket with padded shoulders
3. MEAT [uncountable and countable] the upper part of the front leg of an animal that is used for meat
shoulder of
a shoulder of pork
4. be looking over your shoulder to feel worried that something unpleasant is going to happen to you
5.
a. a shoulder to cry on someone who gives you sympathy:
Ben is always there when I need a shoulder to cry on.
b. cry on sb’s shoulder to get sympathy from someone when you tell them your problems
6. shoulder to shoulder
a. having the same aims and wanting to achieve the same thing
SYN side by side
shoulder to shoulder with
We are working shoulder to shoulder with local residents.
b. physically close together
SYN side by side:
Blacks and whites stood shoulder to shoulder in the stands to applaud.
7. on sb’s shoulders if blame or a difficult job falls on someone’s shoulders, they have to take responsibility for it:
The blame rests squarely on Jim’s shoulders.
8. put your shoulder to the wheel to start to work with great effort and determination
9. ROAD-SIDE [countable] American English an area of ground beside a road, where drivers can stop their cars if they are having trouble ⇨ hard shoulder, soft shoulder
10. CURVED SHAPE [countable] a rounded part just below the top of something
⇨ give somebody the cold shoulder at cold1(7), ⇨ have a chip on your shoulder at chip1(5), ⇨ be/stand head and shoulders above the rest at head1(29), ⇨ rub shoulders with at rub1(5), ⇨ straight from the shoulder at straight1(10)
■ verbs
▪shrug your shoulders (=raise them to show that you do not know or care about something) Susan just shrugged her shoulders and said nothing.
▪hunch your shoulders (=raise your shoulders and bend them forwards slightly) He hunched his shoulders against the rain.
▪look/glance over your shoulder (=look behind you) He glanced over his shoulder and grinned at me.
▪sb’s shoulders shake (=because they are crying or laughing) His shoulders were shaking and tears of laughter were running down his face.
▪sb’s shoulders slump/droop/sag (=move downwards because they are sad or tired) ‘You 're right,’ he sighed, his shoulders drooping.
▪sb’s shoulders heave (=move up and down because they are crying or breathing deeply) She turned her back again, her shoulders heaving, her eyes blind with tears.
▪straighten/square your shoulders (=stand with your shoulders straight, in a determined way) She squared her shoulders and knocked on the door.
■ adjectives
▪broad/wide He was of medium height, with broad shoulders.
▪strong/powerful He had powerful shoulders and a thick neck.
▪massive/huge Dean shrugged his massive shoulders.
▪narrow/slim Her dark hair spilled over her narrow shoulders.
▪thin/bony shoulders She put her arm around the girl’s thin shoulders.
shoulder2 verb
1. shoulder the responsibility/duty/cost/burden etc to accept a difficult or unpleasant responsibility, duty etc:
The residents are being asked to shoulder the costs of the repairs.
2. [transitive] to lift something onto your shoulder to carry it:
They shouldered the boat and took it down to the river.
3. shoulder your way through/into etc to move through a large crowd of people by pushing with your shoulder:
He ran after her, shouldering his way through the crowd.
4. shoulder arms an order given to soldiers telling them to hold their weapon against their shoulder
■ nouns
▪shoulder a responsibility The coach shoulders the responsibility for winning and losing.
▪shoulder a burden Many women do paid work and also shoulder the burden of childcare.
▪shoulder the blame Parents are being made to shoulder the blame.
▪shoulder the cost The government has decided to shoulder the extra cost itself.
| I |
noun Language: Old English
Origin: sculdor
1. BODY PART [countable] one of the two parts of the body at each side of the neck where the arm is connected:Origin: sculdor
2. CLOTHES [countable] the part of a piece of clothing that covers your shoulders:
3. MEAT [uncountable and countable] the upper part of the front leg of an animal that is used for meat
shoulder of
4. be looking over your shoulder to feel worried that something unpleasant is going to happen to you
5.
a. a shoulder to cry on someone who gives you sympathy:
b. cry on sb’s shoulder to get sympathy from someone when you tell them your problems
6. shoulder to shoulder
a. having the same aims and wanting to achieve the same thing
SYN side by side
shoulder to shoulder with
b. physically close together
SYN side by side:
7. on sb’s shoulders if blame or a difficult job falls on someone’s shoulders, they have to take responsibility for it:
8. put your shoulder to the wheel to start to work with great effort and determination
9. ROAD-SIDE [countable] American English an area of ground beside a road, where drivers can stop their cars if they are having trouble ⇨ hard shoulder, soft shoulder
10. CURVED SHAPE [countable] a rounded part just below the top of something
⇨ give somebody the cold shoulder at cold1(7), ⇨ have a chip on your shoulder at chip1(5), ⇨ be/stand head and shoulders above the rest at head1(29), ⇨ rub shoulders with at rub1(5), ⇨ straight from the shoulder at straight1(10)
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| II |
verb1. shoulder the responsibility/duty/cost/burden etc to accept a difficult or unpleasant responsibility, duty etc:
2. [transitive] to lift something onto your shoulder to carry it:
3. shoulder your way through/into etc to move through a large crowd of people by pushing with your shoulder:
4. shoulder arms an order given to soldiers telling them to hold their weapon against their shoulder
| COLLOCATIONS |
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A person may be described as having 描述一个人的长相可用 have 一词：
Eyes 眼睛
(bright) blue/green/(dark/light) brown/hazel eyes （明亮的）蓝／绿／（深／浅）棕色／浅绿褐色眼睛 deep-set/sunken/bulging/protruding eyes 凹陷的／凸出的眼睛 small/beady/sparkling/twinkling/ ( shiftyeyes 小的／小珠般圆亮的／亮晶晶的／闪闪发亮的／贼溜溜的眼睛 piercing/penetrating/steely eyes 敏锐的／锐利的眼睛；冷冰冰的眼神 bloodshot/watery/puffy eyes 布满血丝的／水汪汪的／肿胀的眼睛 bushy/thick/dark/raised/arched eyebrows 浓密的／扬起的／弓形的眉毛 long/dark/thick/curly/false eyelashes/lashes 长长的／浓密的／弯曲的／假的眼睫毛
Face 脸
a flat/bulbous/pointed/sharp/snub nose 塌／蒜头／尖头／尖／短平而上翘的鼻子 a straight/a hooked/a Roman/ ( an aquilinenose 挺直的鼻子；鹰钩鼻；高鼻梁；鹰钩鼻 full/thick/thin/pouty lips 丰满的／厚／薄／翘嘴唇 dry/chapped/cracked lips 干的／皲裂的／干裂的嘴唇 flushed/rosy/red/ruddy/pale cheeks 发红的／红润的／苍白的面颊 soft/chubby/sunken cheeks 柔嫩的／胖乎乎的／凹陷的面颊 white/perfect/crooked/protruding teeth 洁白的／完好无缺的／参差不齐的／凸出来的牙齿 a large/high/broad/wide/sloping forehead 大大的／高高的／宽大的／后倾的前额 a strong/weak/pointed/double chin 硬朗的／瘦削的／尖／双下巴 a long/full/bushy/wispy/goatee beard 长／大／浓密的／一小撮／山羊胡子 a long/thin/bushy/droopy/handlebar/pencil moustache/ ( especially
mustache 长长的／稀疏的／浓密的／耷拉着的／翘／细直的八字胡
Hair and skin 头发和皮肤
pale/fair/olive/dark/tanned skin 苍白的／白皙的／橄榄色的／黝黑的／晒黑的皮肤 dry/oily/smooth/rough/leathery/wrinkled skin 干性的／油性的／光滑的／粗糙的／有皱纹的皮肤 a dark/a pale/a light/a sallow/a ruddy/an olive/a swarthy/a clear complexion 黝黑的／苍白的／白皙的／蜡黄的／红润的／浅褐色的／黝黑的／无瑕的面容 deep/fine/little/facial wrinkles 深深的／细小的／小的／面部的皱纹 blonde/blond/fair/(light/dark) brown/(jet-)black/auburn/red/ ( ginger/greyBrE hair 金黄色的／浅色的／（浅／深）棕色的／乌黑的／红褐色的／红色的／姜黄色的／灰白色的头发 straight/curly/wavy/frizzy/spiky hair 直发；鬈发；波浪形的／鬈曲的／刺猬式的头发 thick/thin/fine/bushy/thinning hair 厚密的／稀疏的／纤细的／浓密的／逐渐稀少的头发 dyed/bleached/soft/silky/dry/greasy/shiny hair 染了色的／漂白了的／柔顺的／丝滑的／干性的／油性的／有光泽的头发 long/short/shoulder-length/cropped hair 长／短／齐肩／剪短了的头发 a bald/balding/shaved head 秃头；开始秃顶的头；剃光了的头 a receding hairline 后移的发际线 a bald patch/spot 秃了的一块 a side/centre/ ( center( BrE parting/ ( NAmE part 偏分；中分
Body 身体
a long/short/thick/slender/ ( scrawnyneck 长／短／粗／细／干瘦的脖子 broad/narrow/sloping/rounded/hunched shoulders 宽／窄／斜／圆／耸肩膀 a bare/broad/muscular/small/large chest 赤裸的／宽阔的／肌肉发达的胸膛；小胸；大胸 a flat/swollen/bulging stomach 扁平的／鼓胀的／鼓起的肚子 a small/tiny/narrow/slim/slender/28-inch waist 纤细的／28 英寸的腰 big/wide/narrow/slim hips 大的／宽的／窄小的／苗条的臀部 a straight/a bent/an arched/a broad/a hairy back 直的／弯曲的／弓着的／宽大的／多毛的背部 thin/slender/muscular arms 瘦削的／细长的／肌肉发达的臂膀 big/large/small/manicured/calloused/gloved hands 大的／小的／修剪整齐的／有老茧的／戴着手套的手 long/short/fat/slender/delicate/bony fingers 长的／短的／粗的／细长的／纤细的／瘦削的手指 long/muscular/hairy/shapely/ ( skinny/spindlyboth
often
legs 长的／肌肉发达的／多毛的／有曲线美的／皮包骨的／干瘦的腿 muscular/chubby/ ( flabbythighs 肌肉发达的／胖乎乎的／肥胖的大腿 big/little/small/dainty/wide/narrow/bare feet 大的／小的／娇小可爱的／宽的／窄的／光着的脚 a good/a slim/a slender/an hourglass figure 好的／修长的／苗条的／沙漏形身材 be of slim/medium/average/large/athletic/stockybuild 有着苗条的／中等的／普通的／大块头的／健壮的／矮壮的身材
also