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    spending

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    spending

    Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++朗文当代英语 5++LDOCE 5++朗文 5++spend·ing /ˈspendɪŋ/ ●●○ noun [uncountable]  SPEND MONEYthe amount of money spent, especially by a government or organization 〔尤指政府或组织的〕支出，开销，花费 SYN expendituregovernment/public/defence etc spending a plan to increase military spending 增加军费的计划n COLLOCATIONSADJECTIVES/NOUN + spendingpublic/government/state spendingThe government is determined to keep public spending under control.They called for increased government spending on education.federal spendingHe said his goal could be reached by slashing federal spending.consumer spending (=spending by members of the public)There are some signs that consumer spending is beginning to pick up.defence/welfare/education etc spending (=spending on defence etc)Further cuts in defence spending are being considered.campaign spendingShould there be stricter limits on campaign spending?verbsincrease/raise spendingHe has increased public spending and raised taxes.cut/reduce spendingThe alternative is to cut spending.n THESAURUSspending the amount of money that is spent, especially by a government or other organizationCompany spending on staff benefits has been cut dramatically in recent years.There has been a huge increase in government spending. military spendingexpenditure formal the amount of money that a government, organization, or person spends during a particular period of time – used especially in official documents or reportsBritish defence expenditure was consistently high during this period.military expenditureExpenditure on advertising has gone down. costs the money that a person or organization has to spend on heating, rent, wages etcWhat are your annual fuel costs?Falling sales have forced companies to cut costs.expenses the money that you spend on things that you need, for example on food, rent, and travelLiving expenses are much higher in New York.I kept a record of all my travel expenses so that I could claim them back.outgoings the money that someone has to spend regularly on rent, bills, food etc for their home or businessThe outgoings on a house this size are very high.outlay the amount of money that someone must spend when they first start a new business or activityThe initial outlay on machinery was quite high.overheads British English, overhead American English the money that a business spends regularly on rent, insurance, and other things that are needed to keep the business operatingIn London, small businesses often have high overheads.
    Examples from the Corpus
    spending• By 1979, local-government current spending and manpower was at its highest level.• Government must decide at the same time how much to spend and how to pay for spending.• The committee called for greater emphasis on language at all educational levels, with increased spending on staffing, accommodation and other resources.• But whatever the explanation, there can be little doubt that local spending became a target for central control.• The largest allocation went on defence, at 21.3 percent of recurrent spending.• Home shopping as a whole accounts for only 3% of retail spending.• Such critics want bolder measures to cut taxation and state spending.government/public/defence etc spending• Rockefeller believed society could be bettered by public spending and public architecture.• The variations in local government spending on single issues of some political contention are even more marked.• That massive government spending has helped the construction industry survive the downturn.• But the public continues to equate new public spending with profligacy and corruption. 10.• Actually, estimates for the ratio of public spending to National Income vary widely, depending on the definitions used for each item.• But if this was to be achieved then public spending - as a proportion of national wealth - had to come down.• Nevertheless, the share of national income going to government spending on goods and services is now falling.• Geoffrey Howe wanted public spending economies.    From Longman Business Dictionaryspendingspend‧ing /ˈspendɪŋ/ noun [uncountable]ACCOUNTINGECONOMICSFINANCE the amount of money spent, especially by a government or organizationThe slump in high street spending could reduce imports.a rise in consumer spendingSpending cuts are being imposed to keep the currency stable.The Dallas-based firm says it plans capital spending of $650m.the need to control public spending (=money spent by the government)spending onSpending on goods and services is down. → deficit spending → discretionary spending
    spend·ing noun →n COLLOCATIONS1 →n THESAURUS1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
    spent, amount the a Business money by Corpus of especially government


    See spend for more


    spending
    spend‧ing /ˈspendɪŋ/ noun [uncountable]
    the amount of money spent, especially by a government or organization
       SYN  expenditure
        government/public/defence etc spending
        a plan to increase military spending
         
    COLLOCATIONS
    ■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + spending
       ▪ public/government/state spending The government is determined to keep public spending under control. | They called for increased government spending on education.
       ▪ federal spending He said his goal could be reached by slashing federal spending.
       ▪ consumer spending (=spending by members of the public) There are some signs that consumer spending is beginning to pick up.
       ▪ defence/welfare/education etc spending (=spending on defence etc) Further cuts in defence spending are being considered.
       ▪ campaign spending Should there be stricter limits on campaign spending?
    ■ verbs
       ▪ increase/raise spending He has increased public spending and raised taxes.
       ▪ cut/reduce spending The alternative is to cut spending.
         
    THESAURUS
       ▪ spending the amount of money that is spent, especially by a government or other organization: Company spending on staff benefits has been cut dramatically in recent years. | There has been a huge increase in government spending. | military spending
       ▪ expenditure formal the amount of money that a government, organization, or person spends during a particular period of time – used especially in official documents or reports: British defence expenditure was consistently high during this period. | military expenditure | Expenditure on advertising has gone down.
       ▪ costs the money that a person or organization has to spend on heating, rent, wages etc: What are your annual fuel costs? | Falling sales have forced companies to cut costs.
       ▪ expenses the money that you spend on things that you need, for example on food, rent, and travel: Living expenses are much higher in New York. | I kept a record of all my travel expenses so that I could claim them back.
       ▪ outgoings the money that someone has to spend regularly on rent, bills, food etc for their home or business: The outgoings on a house this size are very high.
       ▪ outlay the amount of money that someone must spend when they first start a new business or activity: The intial outlay on machinery was quite high.
       ▪ overheads British English, overhead American English the money that a business spends regularly on rent, insurance, and other things that are needed to keep the business operating: In London, small businesses often have high overheads.


    spend·ingBrE /ˈspendɪŋ/ 🔊NAmE /ˈspendɪŋ/ 🔊 noun [uncountable] the amount of money that is spent by a government or an organization （政府或其他机构的）开支，支出，花销◆to increase public spending 增加公共开支<titled tranID="24" status="1">costs</titled>spending ◇ expenditure ◇ expenses ◇ overheads ◇ outlay

    These are all words for money spent by a government, an organization or a person. 以上各词均指政府、机构或个人的开支、支出、花费。

    • costs the total amount of money that needs to be spent by a business 指成本：◆labour/production costs 人工／生产成本◆rising costs 正在上涨的成本
    • spending the amount of money that is spent, especially by a government or an organization 尤指政府或机构的开支、支出、花销：◆public spending 公共开支◆More spending on health was promised. 已承诺增加医疗开支。
    • expenditure (rather formal) an amount of money spent by a government, an organization or a person 指政府、机构或个人的开支、支出、花费：◆expenditure on education 教育支出
    • expenses money that has to be spent by a person or an organization; money that you spend while you are working which your employer will pay back to you later 指个人或机构必需的开支、花费或报销的费用：◆legal expenses 律师费◆travel expenses 差旅费
    • overhead(s) the regular costs of running a business or an organization, such as rent, electricity and wages 指经费、运营费用、经常性开支：◆High overheads mean small profit margins. 经费开销大意味着利润低。
    • outlay the money that you have to spend in order to start a new business or project, or in order to save yourself money or time later 指启动新业务或项目所必要的开支、费用或为了节省后期投入而使用的经费：◆The best equipment is costly but is well worth the outlay. 最好的设备花费大，但这种开支很值得。

    Patterns

    • spending/expenditure/outlay on sth
    • high/low costs/spending/expenditure/expenses/overheads
    • total costs/spending/expenditure/expenses/overheads/outlay
    • capital costs/spending/expenditure/expenses/outlay
    • household costs/spending/expenditure/expenses
    • government/public/education/health costs/spending/expenditure
    • to increase/reduce costs/spending/expenditure/expenses/overheads/the outlay