surplus
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++sur·plus1 /ˈsɜːpləs $ ˈsɜːr-/ ●○○ noun [countable, uncountable] 1 TOO/TOO MUCHan amount of something that is more than what is needed or used 剩余，过剩；剩余额，多余的量 SYN excess Any surplus can be trimmed away. 多出来的部分可以修剪掉。surplus of a surplus of crude oil 原油过剩2 PEPROFITthe amount of money that a country or company has left after it has paid for all the things it needs 盈余；顺差 a huge budget surplus of over £16 billion 超过 160 亿英镑的巨额预算盈余 → trade surplus
Examples from the Corpus
surplus• For the first time in 20 years Congress was working with a budget surplus.• a budget surplus• The budget surplus could be used to hire and train more border guards.• The December surplus was the first monthly trade gain in 1995, the ministry said in a preliminary report.• Government subsidies have resulted in huge grain surpluses.• Our surplus on book publishing last year was $47 million.• Plant closings, department mergers, and restricted budgets often provide an organization with a temporary surplus of cash and other resources.• The Gulf States produce more oil than they need and sell the surplus to the rest of the world.• The surplus will go towards replacing their club van that was used to transport boxers to events and beach training at Redcar.• This surplus will cause a competitive bidding down of price by sellers eager to relieve themselves of their surplus.• The existence of monopoly denies them that opportunity, and this is manifest in the inevitable reduction in total surplus.• Today there is a worrisome surplus of 1 million empty apartments in the East, particularly in the cities.surplus of• There is a slight surplus of oil worldwide.budget surplus• A budget surplus of EC$12,300,000 was predicted on the current account.• The result has been a burgeoning budget surplus.• The government is running a large budget surplus and expects to carry on doing so.• Interest rates can be cut and Bill Clinton's budget surplus spent.• Bush spent the campaign pretending that this was an election about the budget surplus, or social security or the military.• The budget surplus of A$8,107 million was the fourth consecutive surplus, and would be used to reduce overseas debt.surplus2 ●○○ adjective 1 TOO/TOO MUCHmore than what is needed or used 过剩的，剩余的，多余的 Ethiopia has no surplus food. 埃塞俄比亚没有多余的食物。surplus cash/funds/revenues Surplus cash can be invested. 多余的钱可以进行投资。2 be surplus to requirements British English formalNEED# to be no longer necessary 不再被需要 He found out he was surplus to requirements in London and left. 他发现自己留在伦敦是多余的，于是就离开了。Examples from the Corpus
surplus• Anne bought a surplus Army Jeep.• Arra said Corrections has frozen all purchases of surplus equipment until a review is completed.• surplus grain• The State raised $130 million by selling off surplus land.• This will continue for as long as the surplus nutrients remain in the water, which may be months.• It was very pale and had no expression, as though expressions were surplus to requirements.• Although Karl Marx's formulation of the theory of surplus value was more sophisticated, his debt to Hodgskin is unmistakable.• And the only sensible place to use the surplus water was in the San Fernando Valley.surplus cash/funds/revenues• Gradually coffee came to replace maize as the main agricultural produce of the community and foodstuffs were bought with surplus cash.• If the business is a goer, the entrepreneur moves on to the full Enterprise Allowance system and gets back any surplus funds.• Essentially those institutions with surplus funds lend to those with insufficient funds to meet their requirements.• Financing decisions Fixed asset investment can be funded from several sources: equity, surplus cash, loans or leasing.• Prudential alone has surplus funds of an estimated £8 billion.• It would suit them better to use their surplus cash to aid starving children in other countries.• When the crisis is over, any surplus funds will be donated to the Gulf Trust.• After the principal had been repaid, through the balance sheet, surplus funds would be recorded as increases in capital.From Longman Business Dictionarysurplussur‧plus1 /ˈsɜːpləsˈsɜːr-/ noun1[countable, uncountable]ECONOMICS an amount of something that is more than what is wanted, needed, or usedSugar prices fell after revised estimates of the surplus for the current crop year.surplus ofThere is a current housing surplus of approximately 500,000 properties.2[countable, uncountable]FINANCE in MUTUALs (=insurance companies etc that do not have shareholders) the profit for a particular period of time, or from several periods of time, that has not been paid out to membersThe life insurance company had capital and surplus totaling $459.2 million.3[countable]FINANCE in insurance companies and PENSION FUNDs, the amount by which the money held is more than they have to pay out in claims or pensionsThe steelworks pensioners joined the fight to get a share of a £300 million British Steel pension surplus.4[countable] (also balance of payments surplus or, external surplus)ECONOMICS the amount by which the money coming into a country is more than the money going out in a particular period of timeA country that has a balance of payments surplus may receive payment from the debtor’s foreign exchange reserves. → trade surplussurplussurplus2 adjective more than is needed or wantedMany businesses relocated, surplus space having become available because of the recession.Those employees will become surplus, and costly to retain.Origin surplus1 (1300-1400) Old French Medieval Latin superplus, from Latin plus “more”sur·plus1 nounsurplus2 adjectiveChineseSyllable
something is an Business amount Corpus of that more
surplus
sur‧plus1 /ˈsɜːpləs $ ˈsɜːr-/ 
noun [uncountable and countable]
SYN excess:
Any surplus can be trimmed away.
surplus of
a surplus of crude oil
2. the amount of money that a country or company has left after it has paid for all the things it needs:
a huge budget surplus of over £16 billion
⇨ trade surplus
surplus2 adjective
1. more than what is needed or used:
Ethiopia has no surplus food.
surplus cash/funds/revenues
Surplus cash can be invested.
2. be surplus to requirements British English formal to be no longer necessary:
He found out he was surplus to requirements in London and left.
| I |
noun [uncountable and countable] Date: 1300-1400
Language: Old French
Origin: Medieval Latin superplus, from Latin plus 'more'
1. an amount of something that is more than what is needed or used Language: Old French
Origin: Medieval Latin superplus, from Latin plus 'more'
SYN excess:
surplus of
2. the amount of money that a country or company has left after it has paid for all the things it needs:
⇨ trade surplus
| II |
adjective1. more than what is needed or used:
surplus cash/funds/revenues
2. be surplus to requirements British English formal to be no longer necessary:
Trade 贸易
facilitate/regulate trade (with other countries)促进／规范（与其他国家的）贸易 form/join a trading bloc建立／加入贸易同盟 live in/compete in a global/the world economy生存于全球／世界经济中；参与全球／世界经济竞争 support/promote free trade支持／促进自由贸易 adopt/call for/oppose protectionist measures采取／呼吁／反对保护主义措施 erect/impose/reduce/remove trade barriers设置／推行／减少／消除贸易壁垒 impose/lift/raise/eliminate import tariffs (on sth)征收／取消／提高／废除（某物的）进口关税 have/run a huge/large/growing trade surplus/deficit有巨额／持续增长的贸易顺差／逆差 embrace/resist/drive globalization接受／抵制／推进全球化
Politics and law 政治与法律
conduct/handle/talk about/discuss foreign policy执行／掌控／谈论／讨论外交政策 pursue an aggressive/a hawkish foreign policy执行强硬的外交政策 require/use/conduct diplomacy需要／使用／实施外交手段 establish/break off/sever/restore diplomatic relations建立／中断／断绝／恢复外交关系 foster/promote/strengthen regional cooperation促进地区间合作 facilitate/achieve economic/political integration促进／实现经济／政治一体化 exercise/defend/protect/transfer/restore/regain national/state/full/limited sovereignty行使／维护／保护／移交／恢复／重获民族／国家／全部／部分主权 consolidate/extend/lose/retain your power (in the region)巩固／扩张／丧失／保持（区域内的）势力 hold/maintain/change/alter/shift/be a shift in the balance of power (in the region)维持／改变（区域内的）势力均衡 cause/create/open/expose/heal/repair a deep/growing/major/serious rift between X and Y导致／造成／引发／暴露出／弥合／修复 X 与 Y 之间深层次的／不断扩大的／主要的／严重的分歧
Meetings and agreements 会议与协议
have/hold/host/attend an international conference/an economic forum/a G20 summit召开／举行／主办／出席国际会议／经济论坛／二十国集团峰会 launch a new round of global/multilateral/world trade negotiations发起新一轮的全球／多边／世界贸易谈判 send/head/lead/meet a high-level/an official/a trade delegation派遣／领导／带领／会见高层／官方／贸易代表团 begin/start/continue/resume peace talks开始／继续／重启和平谈判 be committed to/be opposed to/disrupt/undermine/derail/sabotage the peace process致力于／反对／扰乱／损害／干扰／破坏和平进程 negotiate/achieve a lasting political settlement达成／取得长期的政治协议 broker/sign a peace deal/agreement/treaty协商／签署和平协议
Conflict 冲突
be/constitute/pose a threat to global security构成对全球安全的一大威胁 compromise/endanger/protect national security损害／危及／保护国家安全 justify/be in favour of/ ( especially
be in favor of/be against military intervention证明军事干预合理；支持／反对军事干预 threaten/authorize/launch/take/support/oppose unilateral/pre-emptive military action扬言采取／授权使用／发起／采取／支持／反对单边的／先发制人的军事行动 impose/enforce/lift/end economic sanctions/an arms embargo/a naval blockade强制实行／解除经济制裁／武器禁运／海上封锁 close/protect/secure/patrol the border封锁／保卫边境；在边境地区巡逻 lead/be involved in a peacekeeping operation领导／参与维和行动
Aid 援助
negotiate/announce a $15 billion aid package/an economic stimulus package达成／宣布 150 亿美元的一套援助计划／刺激经济的一揽子计划 send/provide/request/cut off military aid派遣／提供／请求／中断军事援助 bring/provide emergency/humanitarian relief带来／提供紧急／人道主义救助 deliver/distribute medical supplies/( food parcelsBrE 运送／分发医疗用品／食品包 fund/run a foreign/a local/an international NGO资助／管理外国／当地／国际非政府组织 reduce/eradicate child/global/world poverty减少／根除儿童／全球性／世界性贫困