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    virus

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    virus

    Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++朗文当代英语 5++LDOCE 5++朗文 5++
    Related topics: Microbes, genetics, biochem, Computers
    vi·rus /ˈvaɪərəs $ ˈvaɪrəs/ ●●○ W3 noun  1  [countable, uncountable]HBM a very small living thing that causes infectious illnesses 病毒 children infected with the Aids virus 感染艾滋病病毒的儿童 a virus infection 病毒感染2. [countable]TD a set of instructions secretly put onto a computer or computer program, which can destroy information. When a computer that has a virus makes a connection with another computer, for example by email, the virus can make copies of itself and move to the other computer. 〔计算机〕病毒3. [countable] a program that sends a large number of annoying messages to many people’s mobile phones in an uncontrolled way 〔手机的〕短信病毒n COLLOCATIONSADJECTIVES/NOUN + virus the AIDS/flu/polio etc virusThey are trying to stop the spread of the flu virus.a deadly/killer virusa killer virus which has already been responsible for the deaths of hundreds of peoplevirulent (=causing many people to become ill)Why was this particular strain of the virus so virulent?verbsa virus causes somethingThe virus causes people to sweat.carry a virus (=have a virus, which you may then give to other people)A nurse at the clinic was found to be carrying the virus.get a virus (also contract a virus formal)He does not know when he contracted the virus.be infected with a virusThousands of people may already be infected with the virus.be exposed to a virusFour workers at the facility, though exposed to the virus, never became ill.transmit/pass on a virus (=pass it from one person or animal to another)The rabies virus is transmitted in saliva when one animal bites another.a virus spreadsThe virus spread throughout the population.phrasesa strain of a virus (=one type of it)Doctors fear that a new strain of the virus will appear.a virus infectionThe fever was caused by a virus infection.
    Examples from the Corpus
    virus• an anti-virus program• One final, explosive question remains: Why did a virus that was once so rare suddenly burst into a global pandemic?• You cannot get a virus from an email message alone.• There's a virus going around - four people in my office were sick last week.• The disk was accidentally infected with a virus called "Stoned III."• He could be carrying the AIDS virus.• They are the 8 % of the population who have the Aids virus.• the common cold virus• a vaccine which protects against Hepatitis B, a highly infectious virus which is transmitted sexually or by sharing infected needles.• She thinks she picked up some kind of mystery virus while she was on vacation.• A warning has gone out about a new virus that could wipe everything off your hard disk.• To retain Britain's disease-free status, we are told, we should not vaccinate livestock against the virus.• It is a medical problem to attack the virus without attacking the normal cells.• Once a person is infected they may recover naturally or they may become a chronic carrier of the virus.• Computer users from around the world reported that the virus had invaded their systems.• Less than 5 percent seem to tolerate the virus without ever getting sick.• It is estimated that over thirty million people are now infected with the virus.• The virus opened the door for an onslaught of illnesses Pieters lists casually: hepatitis, pneumonia, shingles.• the virus that causes the common coldvirus infection• He is suffering from an ankle injury and a virus infection.• When the disk is found to be free from a virus infection it is given an electronic signature code.• The mechanism responsible for secretion or intracellular retention of pre-S peptides in chronic hepatitis B virus infection is uncertain.• Over half the patients who acquire acute hepatitis C virus infection develop chronic hepatitis.• This rules out the possibility that autoantibodies are merely a consequence of hepatitis C virus infection.• There is at present no reliable marker to determine whether autoimmunity or hepatitis C virus infection is the major disease process.• This resurgence of measles disease underscored the need for new assays to characterize measles virus infections.• But some virus infections can follow another path, other than the acute cycle of replication.    From Longman Business Dictionaryvirusvi‧rus /ˈvaɪərəsˈvaɪrəs/ noun [countable]COMPUTING a set of instructions secretly put onto a computer, that can destroy or change information on the computerThe virus had already destroyed data at several US companies. → compare bugOrigin virus (1500-1600) Latin “thick slippery liquid, poison, bad smell”
    vi·rus noun →n COLLOCATIONS1LDOCE OnlineChineseSyllable
    thing very a that small living Business Corpus


    virus
    vi‧rus W3 /ˈvaɪərəs $ ˈvaɪrəs/ noun
     Date: 1500-1600
     Language: Latin
     Origin: 'thick slippery liquid, poison, bad smell'
    1. [uncountable and countable] a very small living thing that causes infectious illnesses:
        children infected with the Aids virus
        a virus infection
    2. [countable] a set of instructions secretly put onto a computer or computer program, which can destroy information. When a computer that has a virus makes a connection with another computer, for example by email, the virus can make copies of itself and move to the other computer.
    3. [countable] a program that sends a large number of annoying messages to many people’s mobile phones in an uncontrolled way
         
    COLLOCATIONS
    ■ ADJECTIVES/NOUN + virus
       ▪ the AIDS/flu/polio etc virus They are trying to stop the spread of the flu virus.
       ▪ a deadly/killer virus a killer virus which has already been responsible for the deaths of hundreds of people
       ▪ virulent (=causing many people to become ill) Why was this particular strain of the virus so virulent?
    ■ verbs
       ▪ a virus causes something The virus causes people to sweat.
       ▪ carry a virus (=have a virus, which you may then give to other people) A nurse at the clinic was found to be carrying the virus.
       ▪ get a virus (also contract a virus formal) He does not know when he contracted the virus.
       ▪ be infected with a virus Thousands of people may already be infected with the virus.
       ▪ be exposed to a virus Four workers at the facility, though exposed to the virus, never became ill.
       ▪ transmit/pass on a virus (=pass it from one person or animal to another) The rabies virus is transmitted in saliva when one animal bites another.
       ▪ a virus spreads The virus spread throughout the population.
    ■ phrases
       ▪ a strain of a virus (=one type of it) Doctors fear that a new strain of the virus will appear.
       ▪ a virus infection The fever was caused by a virus infection.


    🔑 virusBrE /ˈvaɪrəs/ 🔊NAmE /ˈvaɪrəs/ 🔊 noun🔑 a living thing, too small to be seen without a microscope, that causes infectious disease in people, animals and plants 病毒；滤过性病毒◆the flu virus流感病毒◆a virus infection病毒感染

    bacteria, disease, epidemic, fever, illness, immunity, infection, spread, vaccinate, virus

    <titled tranID="32" status="2">Illnesses<chnsep> </chnsep><chn>疾病</chn></titled>

    Becoming ill 生病

    • catch a cold/an infectious disease/the flu/(BrE) flu/pneumonia/a virus/(informal) a bug 染上感冒／传染病／流感／肺炎／病毒／小毛病
    • get (BrE) ill/(NAmE) sick/a disease/AIDS/breast cancer/a cold/the flu/(BrE) flu/a migraine 患病／艾滋病／乳腺癌／感冒／流感／偏头痛
    • come down with a cold/the flu/(BrE) flu 得了感冒／流感
    • contract a deadly disease/a serious illness/HIV/AIDS 感染致命疾病／严重疾病／艾滋病病毒／艾滋病
    • be infected with a virus/a parasite/HIV 受病毒／寄生虫／艾滋病病毒感染
    • develop cancer/diabetes/a rash/an ulcer/symptoms of hepatitis 患上癌症／糖尿病／皮疹／溃疡；出现肝炎症状
    • have a heart attack/a stroke 心脏病／中风发作
    • provoke/trigger/produce an allergic reaction 引起／产生过敏反应
    • block/burst/rupture a blood vessel 使血管阻塞／破裂
    • damage/sever a nerve/an artery/a tendon 损伤／切断神经／动脉／肌腱

    Being ill 病了

    • feel (BrE) ill/sick/nauseous/queasy 感到不适／想吐／恶心
    • be running (BrE) a temperature/(NAmE) a fever 发烧
    • have a head cold/diabetes/heart disease/lung cancer/a headache/(BrE) a high temperature/(NAmE) a fever 患伤风感冒／糖尿病／心脏病／肺癌；头痛；发烧
    • suffer from asthma/malnutrition/frequent headaches/bouts of depression/a mental disorder 患哮喘／营养不良症／经常性头痛／多发性抑郁症／精神错乱
    • be laid up with/ (BrE) be in bed with a cold/the flu/(BrE) flu/a migraine 因感冒／流感／偏头痛而卧床休息
    • nurse a cold/a headache/a hangover 调治感冒／头痛／宿醉
    • battle/fight cancer/depression/addiction/alcoholism 与癌症／抑郁症作斗争；戒瘾；戒酒

    Treatments 治疗

    • examine a patient 给病人做检查
    • diagnose a condition/disease/disorder 诊断疾病
    • be diagnosed with cancer/diabetes/schizophrenia 诊断为癌症／糖尿病／精神分裂症
    • prescribe/be given/be on/take drugs/medicine/medication/pills/painkillers/antibiotics 开／得到／服用药／药片／止痛药／抗生素
    • treat sb for cancer/depression/shock 治疗某人的癌症／抑郁症／休克
    • have/undergo an examination/an operation/surgery/a kidney transplant/therapy/chemotherapy/treatment for cancer 接受检查／手术／外科手术／肾移植手术／治疗／化疗／癌症治疗
    • have/be given an injection/(BrE) a flu jab/(NAmE) a flu shot/a blood transfusion/a scan/an X-ray 打针；接种流感疫苗；接受输血；做扫描检查；照 X 光
    • cure a disease/an ailment/cancer/a headache/a patient 治疗疾病／病痛／癌症／头痛／病人
    • prevent the spread of disease/further outbreaks/damage to the lungs 防止疾病扩散／疾病进一步爆发／对肺部造成伤害
    • be vaccinated against the flu/(BrE) flu/the measles/(BrE) measles/polio/smallpox 接种流感／麻疹／小儿麻痹症／天花疫苗
    • enhance/boost/confer/build immunity to a disease 增加对疾病的免疫力
    🔑 (informal) a disease caused by a virus 病毒性疾病；病毒病◆There's a virus going around the office. 办公室里流行着一种病毒性疾病。🔊🔊🔑 instructions that are hidden within a computer program and are designed to cause faults or destroy data （计算机程序中的）病毒<titled tranID="35" status="2">Email and the Internet<chnsep> </chnsep><chn>电子邮件和互联网</chn></titled>

    Email 电子邮件

    • receive/get/open an email 收到／打开电邮
    • write/send/answer/forward/delete an email 写／发送／回复／转发／删除电邮
    • check/read/access your email 查收／阅读／读取电邮
    • block/filter (out) junk/spam/unsolicited email 阻止／过滤垃圾／不请自来的电邮
    • exchange email addresses 交换电邮地址
    • open/check your inbox 打开／查看收件箱
    • junk mail fills/floods/clogs your inbox 垃圾电邮塞满收件箱
    • have/set up an email account 拥有／创建电邮账号
    • open/send/contain an attachment 打开／发送／包含附件
    • sign up for/receive email alerts 注册使用／收到电邮提醒

    Connecting to the Internet 连接到互联网

    • use/access/log onto the Internet/the Web 使用／登录互联网
    • go online/on the Internet 上网
    • have a high-speed/dial-up/broadband/wireless (Internet) connection 有高速／拨号／宽带／无线网络连接
    • access/connect to/locate the server 登录／连接到／定位服务器
    • use/open/close/launch a/your web browser 使用／打开／关闭／开启网页浏览器
    • browse/surf/search/scour the Internet/the Web 上网浏览／搜索
    • send/contain/spread/detect a (computer/email) virus 发送／含有／传播／发现（电脑／电邮）病毒
    • update your anti-virus software 升级杀毒软件
    • install/use/configure a firewall 安装／使用／设置防火墙
    • accept/enable/block/delete cookies 接受／启用／阻止／删除网站饼干

    Using the Internet 使用互联网

    • visit/check a website/an Internet site/sb's blog 访问／查看网站／互联网站点／某人的博客
    • create/design/launch a website/social networking site 创建／设计／启用一个网站／社交网站
    • start/write/post/read a blog 创建／写／发布／读博客
    • update your blog/a website 更新博客／网站内容
    • be in/meet sb in/go into/enter an Internet chat room 在／遇见某人在／进入网络聊天室
    • download/upload music/software/a song/a podcast/a file/a copy of sth 下载／上传音乐／软件／一首歌／一个播客／一个文件／一个…的备份
    • share information/data/files 共享信息／数据／文件
    • post a comment/message on a(n) website/online message board/web forum/Internet chat room 在网站上／网络留言板上／网络论坛上／网络聊天室里发布评论／信息
    • stream video/audio/music/content over the Internet 在互联网上流播视频／音频／音乐／内容
    • join/participate in/visit/provide a(n) (web-based/web/online/Internet/discussion) forum 加入／访问／提供（网络）论坛
    • generate/increase/monitor Internet traffic 产生／增加／监管网络流量
      ➡  see also viral (1)