vote
Word family
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 5++LDOCE 5++vote1 /vəʊt $ voʊt/ ●●● S2 W2 verb 1 in election/to support 在选举中/支持 [intransitive, transitive] to show which person or party you want, or whether you support a plan, by marking a piece of paper, raising your hand etc 投票，表决；投票支持 In 1918 British women got the right to vote. 1918年，英国妇女获得了选举权。vote for/against/in favour of I voted for the Labour candidate in the last election. 我在上次选举中投了工党候选人的票。 53% of Danes voted in favour of the Maastricht treaty. 53%的丹麦人投票赞成《马斯特里赫特条约》。vote on The people of Ulster had finally been given a chance to vote on the issue. 阿尔斯特(即北爱尔兰)人民在这个问题上终于获得了一个投票的机会。vote to do something Congress voted to increase foreign aid by 10%. 国会表决通过增加10%的对外援助。 Shareholders voted to reject the offer. 股东投票否决了这个提议。vote Democrat/Republican/Labour/Conservative etc I’ve voted Democrat all my life. 我已经投了一辈子民主党的票。 → block voting at block1(5)2 vote somebody into/out of power/office/parliament etc to elect or dismiss someone by voting 投票把某人选上台/选下台/选进议会/使某人失去议会席位等 The chances are that the government will be voted out of office. 有可能政府会被选下台。3 choose for prize 选出获奖者CHOOSE [transitive] to choose someone or something for a particular prize by voting for them 投票评选vote somebody/something sth In 1981 Henry Fonda was voted Best Actor for ‘On Golden Pond’. 1981年亨利·方达凭《金色池塘》当选最佳男演员。4 money 钱款PPV [transitive] if a parliament, committee etc votes a sum of money for something, they decide by voting to provide money for that particular purpose 〔议会、委员会等通过投票〕同意提供〔款项〕vote something for something Parliament has voted £20 million extra funding for road improvements. 议会投票通过增拨2,000万英镑用于改善道路。5 vote something a success/the best etc British EnglishTHINK/HAVE THE OPINION THAT if people vote something a success etc, they all agree that it is a success 一致认为某事物是成功/最好的等 The evening was voted a great success. 大家都认为晚会办得很成功。6 I vote ... spoken used to say that you prefer one particular choice or possible action 我提议…vote (that) I vote we go to the movies. 我提议我们去看电影。I vote ... for ‘What do you want to eat?’ ‘I vote for Mexican.’ “你想吃什么？”“我想吃墨西哥菜。7 vote with your wallet British English a) (also vote with your pocketbook American English) to vote for someone or something that you think will help you have the most money 投票给能为自己带来最大经济利益的人[事物] People generally vote with their pocketbooks against new taxes. 人们考虑到自己的钱包，通常都投票反对新税项。 b) (also vote with your dollars American English) to show you like something by choosing to buy it 用购买的方式表示喜欢某物 Readers vote with their wallets every day when they choose a newspaper. 读者每天在选择报纸时，就是在用钱包表达他们的喜好。8. vote with your feet AGAINST/OPPOSEto show that you do not support a decision or action by leaving a place or organization 以退席[退出组织]表示不支持〔某决定、行动等〕n GRAMMAR: Comparisonvote• You vote for someone or something: Who are you going to vote for at the next election?Most MPs voted for the bill.• You vote against someone or something: The committee voted against the decision. • You vote to do something: Congress voted to change the law.pass• Parliament, Congress etc passes a bill or law: Parliament passed a law against drug smuggling.• Pass is often used in the passive in this meaning: The law was passed by a big majority.elect • Elect is often used in the passive. • You elect someone as something: She was elected as MP for Corby.• You elect someone something: Obama was elected president in 2008.• You elect someone to Parliament, Congress etc: She was elected to the Senate.n COLLOCATIONSadverbs/NOUNSvote yes/noHow many people voted Yes in the referendum?vote Conservative/Democrat etc (=vote for someone who is Conservative etc)Cubans in the city of Miami have traditionally voted Republican.unanimously (=with everyone voting a particular way)The committee voted unanimously in favour of the proposition.overwhelmingly (=by a very large majority)On Dec. 7 delegates voted overwhelmingly to strike.narrowly (=by a small majority)The Senate voted narrowly to continue funding the controversial project.tactically (=not for the party you support, but to get an acceptable result)People appear to have voted tactically in order to prevent the Conservative candidate from gaining a seat.phrasesbe eligible/entitled to voteAll those aged 18 or over are eligible to vote.register to vote (=put your name on a list of voters)We must encourage people to register to vote. THESAURUSvote [intransitive, transitive] to show which person or party you want, or whether you support a plan, by marking a piece of paper, raising your hand etc 投票，表决；投票支持I’ve voted Democrat all my life. 我已经投了一辈子民主党的票。You can vote for your favourite singer. 你可以把票投给你最喜欢的歌手。nA majority of the people voted for independence.nIn tomorrow’s election, many young people will be voting for the first time.elect [transitive] to choose a leader, representative, or government by voting, so that they become the new leader, representative etc 选举，推选He was elected mayor of London. 他当选伦敦市长。the newly-elected government 新当选的政府nI think we should start by electing a new chairman.go to the polls if a country or voters go to the polls, they vote in an election – used especially in news reports 参加投票〔尤用于新闻报道〕The US goes to the polls in November. 美国11月举行大选。nThe economic crisis could well be a decisive factor when voters go to the polls this autumn.take a vote if a group of people at a meeting take a vote, they vote about something 投票表决We should take a vote on whether or not to accept their offer. 我们应该投票决定是否接受他们的报价。nThey took a vote and picked Bernard.cast your vote formal to mark a piece of paper, call a telephone number etc in order to vote 投票The first votes have been cast in the country’s general election. 该国大选已进行了第一轮投票。nClick here to cast your vote.ballot [transitive] to ask the members of an organization to vote on something in order to decide what to do 要求〔某人〕投票The union will ballot its members on whether to go ahead with the strike action. 工会将要求其会员投票决定是否继续罢工行动。veto [transitive] to vote against something that other people have agreed on, so that it cannot happen 否决〔他人已同意的事〕The president has the right to veto any piece of legislation. 总统有权否决任何立法。 PHRASAL VERBS→ See Verb tableExamples from the Corpus
vote• A review of computer messages between council members during April shows some of them lobbying colleagues on how to vote.• Mr Alton said official electoral registration surveys were inadequate, missing many people actually eligible to vote.• Greg says he has never voted.• Hundreds of people lost their lives in the past fighting for the right to vote.• Compton, it is worth noting, had voted against Exclusion in the Lords in November 1680.• Only two people voted against the expansion of the business.• I've voted Democrat all my life.• 70% of the population voted for independence.• In tomorrow's election, many young people will be voting for the first time.• I haven't decided who I'm going to vote for.• The vast majority of people voted in favour of closer links with Europe.• All adults enjoy the right to vote in free general elections that must be held at least every 5 years.• The Board of Supervisors has refused to vote more money for the project.• Only 26 members of his own party ended up voting not to reprimand him.• Teachers will be voting on a proposal to accept the 5% pay offer.• This would allow Congress to count on the savings without ever voting to alter the index.• But he could be forced from office if 61 members of the 120-seat Knesset voted to remove him.• He was also voted top baritone player in 1998.vote Democrat/Republican/Labour/Conservative etc• As one goes further south, people will be paying lower regional taxes and will vote Conservative.• In 1994 only 26 % continued to vote Democratic while 74 % voted Republican.• The people of Britain will understand clearly that to achieve that they must vote Labour.• I can not understand people who continue to vote Conservative after they have lost their homes or their jobs, or both.• Men expect to vote Republican by a rate of 50 percent to 36 percent.• Like many another newly enfranchised 18-year-olds, I voted Conservative in 1979.• Then they voted Democrat in 1992 and 1996-and the Democrats won.• I have voted Republican my entire life.vote somebody/something something• Wolf's program was just voted the best show on television.vote2 ●●● S2 W2 noun 1 choice by voting 投票作出选择 [countable] an act of voting in an election or meeting, or the choice that you make when you vote 投票〔指行为〕；投票选择；票数2 occasion of voting 投票活动 [countable usually singular] an occasion when a group of people vote in order to decide something or choose a representative 投票〔指活动〕 SYN ballot3 the vote 4 the ... vote 5 result of voting 选举结果 [singular] the result of a vote 投票[表决]结果6 somebody/something gets my vote spokenSUPPORT A PERSON, GROUP, OR PLAN used to say that you are ready to support someone or something, or that you think that someone or something is the best of their kind 我支持某人/某事Examples from the Corpus
vote• Several of the speakers could call for a vote of confidence during the debate.• In early November Singh's beleaguered government lost a vote of confidence in the Lok Sabha.• So a vote for amendment 27 will be a vote to prevent the social chapter being administered.• Both sides expect a close vote.• Clinton carried Ohio and its 21 electoral votes by barely 90,000 votes in the three-way race in 1992.• Perot did not win any states or electoral votes, however.• Do you think my vote really makes a difference?• The Umpires' Association had planned to table a motion giving an official vote of support for Lamb.• All the votes were counted before 6 o'clock.• Forte already holds 68.36% of the equity and has rights to 42.12% of the group's total votes.win votes• They believed they could win votes in Sunderland just as surely as in Mid-Sussex.• How could a philosophy of government that flew in the face of liberal pessimism win votes?• The moral to be drawn from polls of that sort is that spending money on roads is going to win votes.put something to the/a vote• When the matter was put to a vote, the staff voted overwhelmingly not to go on strike.by a vote of ... to• The resolution sailed through the House on August 7,1964, by a vote of 416 to 0.• The bill passed the Senate on March 11,1974, by a vote of 76 to 11.• On January 18,1977, by a vote of five to three, the commission passed the ordinance.• The proposal was eventually passed by a vote of 1,767 to 177, with 644 abstentions.• Three days later the Senate endorsed the Marshall Plan by a vote of sixty-nine to seventeen.• The bill, with the formula, passed the Senate by a vote of 80 to 1.• On June 11, the Vandenberg Resolution passed the Senate by a vote of sixty-four to four.• Reassured, the Senate passed the treaty by a vote of eighty-two to one.From Longman Business Dictionaryvotevote1 /vəʊtvoʊt/ verb [intransitive, transitive] to show by marking a paper, raising your hand etc which person you want to elect or whether you support a particular planvote for/against23% of shareholders voted for him as a new director.The board voted against filing a suit to recover the money.vote to do somethingCommittee members voted 9-2 to raise interest rates.vote something downThe settlement offer collapsed after the House of Representatives voted it down (=rejected it).vote somebody inThe chairman was voted in (=elected) by a 12-1 majority. —voter noun [countable]Voters did not like their anti-European stance.→ See Verb tablevotevote2 noun1[countable] when a group of people vote in order to decide or choose somethingThe results of the vote were surprising — 80% of workers favoured strike action.Creditors will take a vote on the reorganization plan later this year.2[countable] a choice or decision that someone makes by voting in an election or meetingThe union was only 23 votes short of the majority it needed.3[countable] the right to voteEach share carries a vote.4[singular] the total number of votes made in an election or the total number of people who voteTheir proposal to oust the board got 78% of the vote.Origin vote2 (1200-1300) Latin votum “promise, wish”, from vovere “to promise”vote1 verb →n GRAMMAR1 →n COLLOCATIONS1
→THESAURUS1 →PHRASAL VERBS1vote2 nounLDOCE OnlineChinese
→THESAURUS1 →PHRASAL VERBS1vote2 nounLDOCE OnlineChinese
or Corpus Business which want, show person whether to you or party
vote
vote1 S2 W2 /vəʊt $ voʊt/ 
verb1. IN ELECTION/TO SUPPORT [intransitive and transitive] to show which person or party you want, or whether you support a plan, by marking a piece of paper, raising your hand etc:
In 1918 British women got the right to vote.
vote for/against/in favour of
I voted for the Labour candidate in the last election.
53% of Danes voted in favour of the Maastricht treaty.
vote on
The people of Ulster had finally been given a chance to vote on the issue.
vote to do something
Congress voted to increase foreign aid by 10%.
Shareholders voted to reject the offer.
vote Democrat/Republican/Labour/Conservative etc
I’ve voted Democrat all my life. ⇨ block voting at block1(5)
2. vote somebody into/out of power/office/parliament etc to elect or dismiss someone by voting:
The chances are that the government will be voted out of office.
3. CHOOSE FOR PRIZE [transitive] to choose someone or something for a particular prize by voting for them
vote somebody/something sth
In 1981 Henry Fonda was voted Best Actor for ‘On Golden Pond’.
4. MONEY [transitive] if a parliament, committee etc votes a sum of money for something, they decide by voting to provide money for that particular purpose
vote something for something
Parliament has voted £20 million extra funding for road improvements.
5. vote something a success/the best etc British English if people vote something a success etc, they all agree that it is a success:
The evening was voted a great success.
6. I vote ... spoken used to say that you prefer one particular choice or possible action
vote (that)
I vote we go to the movies.
I vote ... for
‘What do you want to eat?’ ‘I vote for Mexican.’
7. vote with your wallet British English
a. (also vote with your pocketbook American English) to vote for someone or something that you think will help you have the most money:
People generally vote with their pocketbooks against new taxes.
b. (also vote with your dollars American English) to show you like something by choosing to buy it:
Readers vote with their wallets every day when they choose a newspaper.
8. vote with your feet to show that you do not support a decision or action by leaving a place or organization
■ adverbs/NOUNS
▪vote yes/no How many people voted Yes in the referendum?
▪vote Conservative/Democrat etc (=vote for someone who is Conservative etc) Cubans in the city of Miami have traditionally voted Republican.
▪unanimously (=with everyone voting a particular way) The committee voted unanimously in favour of the proposition.
▪overwhelmingly (=by a very large majority) On Dec. 7 delegates voted overwhelmingly to strike.
▪narrowly (=by a small majority) The Senate voted narrowly to continue funding the controversial project.
▪tactically (=not for the party you support, but to get an acceptable result) People appear to have voted tactically in order to prevent the Conservative candidate from gaining a seat.
■ phrases
▪be eligible/entitled to vote All those aged 18 or over are eligible to vote.
▪register to vote (=put your name on a list of voters) We must encourage people to register to vote.
▪ vote [intransitive and transitive] to show which person or party you want, or whether you support a plan, by marking a piece of paper, raising your hand etc: I’ve voted Democrat all my life. | You can vote for your favourite singer. | A majority of the people voted for independence. | In tomorrow’s election, many young people will be voting for the first time.
▪elect [transitive] to choose a leader, representative, or government by voting, so that they become the new leader, representative etc: He was elected mayor of London. | the newly-elected government | I think we should start by electing a new chairman.
▪go to the polls if a country or voters go to the polls, they vote in an election - used especially in news reports: The US goes to the polls in November. | The economic crisis could well be a decisive factor when voters go to the polls this autumn.
▪take a vote if a group of people at a meeting take a vote, they vote about something: We should take a vote on whether or not to accept their offer. | They took a vote and picked Bernard.
▪cast your vote formal to mark a piece of paper, call a telephone number etc in order to vote: The first votes have been cast in the country’s general election. | Click here to cast your vote.
▪ballot [transitive] to ask the members of an organization to vote on something in order to decide what to do: The union will ballot its members on whether to go ahead with the strike action.
▪veto [transitive] to vote against something that other people have agreed on, so that it cannot happen: The president has the right to veto any piece of legislation.
vote something ↔ down phrasal verb
to defeat a plan, law etc by voting:
In 1999 the town had voted down a petition to close the school.
vote somebody ↔ in phrasal verb
to elect someone by voting:
A new chairman was voted in.
vote somebody ↔ out phrasal verb
to remove someone from a position of power by voting:
With policies like that, he’ll be voted out in the next election.
vote something ↔ through phrasal verb British English
to approve a plan, law etc by voting:
The proposals were voted through yesterday.
vote2 S2 W2 noun
A vote for us is not a wasted vote.
The proposal was rejected by 19 votes to 7.
vote for/in favour (of)/against
The House of Representatives approved the budget, with 52 votes in favor, 16 against and 12 abstentions.
cast your vote (=vote in a political election)
Harkin won 74 percent of the votes cast.
policies designed to win votes in the South
It’s the club secretary that counts the votes. ⇨ casting vote
2. OCCASION OF VOTING [countable usually singular] an occasion when a group of people vote in order to decide something or choose a representative
SYN ballot:
The results of the vote were surprising – 80% of workers favoured strike action.
vote on
There will be a citywide vote (=all the voters in a particular city) on the matter.
take/have a vote (on something)
Unless anyone has anything to add, we’ll take a vote.
Let’s have a vote on it.
put something to the/a vote (=decide something by voting)
Let’s put it to the vote. All those in favor raise your hands. ⇨ free vote
3. the vote
a. the total number of votes made in an election:
Davis won the election with 57% of the vote.
The Greens increased their share of the vote from 2.9 to 4.9%.
b. the right to vote in political elections:
In France women didn’t get the vote until 1945.
At that time black people did not yet have the vote.
4. the ... vote
a. the black/Jewish/middle-class etc vote black, Jewish etc voters, or their votes:
The black vote is astonishingly loyal to the Democratic Party.
b. the Labour/Conservative/Green etc vote British English the total number of votes the Labour Party, Conservative Party etc win in an election:
The Green vote looks likely to increase again.
5. RESULT OF VOTING [singular] the result of a vote:
A close vote is expected.
The motion was passed by a vote of 215 to 84.
6. somebody/something gets my vote spoken used to say that you are ready to support someone or something, or that you think that someone or something is the best of their kind:
Anything that will mean a better deal for our children gets my vote.
| I |
verb1. IN ELECTION/TO SUPPORT [intransitive and transitive] to show which person or party you want, or whether you support a plan, by marking a piece of paper, raising your hand etc: vote for/against/in favour of
vote on
vote to do something
vote Democrat/Republican/Labour/Conservative etc
2. vote somebody into/out of power/office/parliament etc to elect or dismiss someone by voting:
3. CHOOSE FOR PRIZE [transitive] to choose someone or something for a particular prize by voting for them
vote somebody/something sth
4. MONEY [transitive] if a parliament, committee etc votes a sum of money for something, they decide by voting to provide money for that particular purpose
vote something for something
5. vote something a success/the best etc British English if people vote something a success etc, they all agree that it is a success:
6. I vote ... spoken used to say that you prefer one particular choice or possible action
vote (that)
I vote ... for
7. vote with your wallet British English
a. (also vote with your pocketbook American English) to vote for someone or something that you think will help you have the most money:
b. (also vote with your dollars American English) to show you like something by choosing to buy it:
8. vote with your feet to show that you do not support a decision or action by leaving a place or organization
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vote something ↔ down phrasal verb
to defeat a plan, law etc by voting:
vote somebody ↔ in phrasal verb
to elect someone by voting:
vote somebody ↔ out phrasal verb
to remove someone from a position of power by voting:
vote something ↔ through phrasal verb British English
to approve a plan, law etc by voting:
| II |
noun Date: 1200-1300
Language: Latin
Origin: votum 'promise, wish', from vovere 'to promise'
1. CHOICE BY VOTING [countable] an act of voting in an election or meeting, or the choice that you make when you vote:Language: Latin
Origin: votum 'promise, wish', from vovere 'to promise'
vote for/in favour (of)/against
cast your vote (=vote in a political election)
2. OCCASION OF VOTING [countable usually singular] an occasion when a group of people vote in order to decide something or choose a representative
SYN ballot:
vote on
take/have a vote (on something)
put something to the/a vote (=decide something by voting)
3. the vote
a. the total number of votes made in an election:
b. the right to vote in political elections:
4. the ... vote
a. the black/Jewish/middle-class etc vote black, Jewish etc voters, or their votes:
b. the Labour/Conservative/Green etc vote British English the total number of votes the Labour Party, Conservative Party etc win in an election:
5. RESULT OF VOTING [singular] the result of a vote:
6. somebody/something gets my vote spoken used to say that you are ready to support someone or something, or that you think that someone or something is the best of their kind:
election an occasion on which people officially choose a political representative or government by voting 指选举、推选，尤指政治选举 ：◆ Who did you vote for in the last election? 上次选举中你把票投给了谁？ vote an occasion on which a group of people vote for sb/sth 指投票、选举、表决 ：◆ They took a vote on who should go first. 他们以投票方式决定谁先走。 poll ( the process of voting in an electionjournalism 新闻 （新闻）指选举投票、计票 ：◆ They suffered a defeat at the polls .他们在投票选举中惨遭失败。 referendum an occasion on which all the adults in a country can vote on a particular issue 指全民投票、全民公决 ballot the system of voting by marking an election paper, especially in secret; an occasion on which a vote is held 尤指无记名投票选举、投票表决 ：◆ The leader will be chosen by secret ballot. 领导人将通过无记名投票选举产生。 NOTE Ballot is usually used about a vote within an organization rather than an occasion on which the public vote.* ballot 通常用于机构内部的选举，而非公众的投票选举。
Patterns
a national/local election/vote/poll/referendum/ballotto have/hold/conduct a(n) election/vote/poll/referendum/ballot
Running for election 参加选举
conduct/hold an election/a referendum举行选举／全民公决 ( especially
NAmE run for office/election/governor/mayor/president/the White House竞选公职；参加竞选；竞选州长／市长／总统／美国总统 ( especially
BrE stand for election/office/Parliament/the Labour Party/a second term参加竞选；竞选公职／议会议员；当工党候选人；竞选连任 hold/call/contest a general/national election举行／要求／角逐大选／全国选举 launch/run a presidential election campaign开始总统竞选活动 support/back a candidate支持候选人 sway/convince/persuade voters/the electorate说服选民／全体选民 appeal to/attract/woo/target ( swing voters/NAmE ( floating votersBrE 吸引游离选民；寻求游离选民的支持；瞄准游离选民 fix/rig/steal an election/the vote操纵选举；暗中舞弊获取选票
Voting 投票
go to/be turned away from ( a polling station/especially
BrE ( a polling placeNAmE 去／被拒绝进入投票站投票 cast a/your vote/ballot (for sb)投（某人）一票 vote for the Conservative candidate/the Democratic party投票给保守党候选人／民主党 mark/spoil your ballot paper在选票上做标记；投废票 count ( the postal votes/BrE ( the absentee ballotsespecially
NAmE 清点邮寄选票数 go to/be defeated at the ballot box去投票箱投票；竞选失败 get/win/receive/lose votes赢得／失去选票 get/win (60% of) the popular/black/Hispanic/Latino/Muslim vote赢得大众／黑人／拉美裔／穆斯林 (60%) 的选票 win the election/(in the US ) the primaries/a seat in Parliament/a majority/power赢得大选／（美国的）初选／议会中的一个席位／多数票／权力 lose an election/the vote/your majority/your seat在选举中失败；失去多数人的支持／席位 win/come to power in a landslide (victory) (= with many more votes than any other party)以压倒多数的选票获胜／掌权 elect/re-elect sb (as) mayor/president/an MP/senator/congressman/congresswoman选举／再度选举某人为市长／总统／议员／参议员／国会议员／国会女议员
Taking power 掌权
be sworn into office/in as president宣誓就职／就任总统 take/administer (in the US ) the oath of office（美国）宣誓就职；听取就职宣誓 swear/take (in the UK ) an/the oath of allegiance（英国）宣誓效忠 give/deliver (in the US ) the president's inaugural address发表（美国）总统就职演说 take/enter/hold/leave office就职；任职；离职 appoint sb (as) ambassador/governor/judge/minister任命某人为大使／州长／法官／部长 form a government/a cabinet组建政府／内阁 serve two terms as prime minister/in office任两届总理；两届任职
Power 权力
create/form/be the leader of a political party创建／组建／领导政党 gain/take/win/lose/regain control of Congress获得／失去／夺回对国会的控制权 start/spark/lead/be on the brink of a revolution发起／引发／领导一场革命；革命一触即发 be engaged/locked in an internal power struggle参与／陷入内部权力斗争 lead/form a rival/breakaway faction领导／组建反对派／分裂派 seize/take control of the government/power夺取／接手对政府／政权的控制权 bring down/overthrow/topple the government/president/regime推翻政府／总统／政权 abolish/overthrow/restore the monarchy废除／推翻／恢复君主制 establish/install a military dictatorship/a stable government建立军事独裁／稳定的政府 be forced/removed/driven from office/power被迫离职／下台；被免职／赶下台 resign/step down as party leader/an MP/president/prime minister辞去政党领袖／议员／总统／总理的职位 enter/retire from/return to political life开始／退出／重回政治生涯
Political debate 政治辩论
spark/provoke a heated/hot/intense/lively debate引发激烈的辩论 engage in/participate in/contribute to (the) political/public debate (on/over sth)参与（关于某事的）政治／公开辩论 get involved in/feel excluded from the political process参与／感觉被排挤出政治进程 launch/start/lead/spearhead a campaign/movement发起／领导一场运动 join/be linked with the peace/anti-war/feminist/civil rights movement参与和平／反战／女权／民权运动；与和平／反战／女权／民权运动有联系 criticize/speak out against/challenge/support the government批评／公开反对／质疑／支持政府 lobby/put pressure on the government (to do sth)游说／施压于政府（去做某事） come under fire/pressure from opposition parties受到来自反对党的抨击／压力
Policy 政策
call for/demand/propose/push for/advocate democratic/political/land reform(s)呼吁／强烈要求／提议／敦促／倡导民主／政治／土地改革 formulate/implement domestic economic policy制定／执行国内经济政策 change/influence/shape/have an impact on government/economic/public policy改变／影响政府／经济／公共政策 be consistent with/be in line with/go against/be opposed to government policy符合／违背政府政策 reform/restructure/modernize the tax system改革／重组／革新税收制度 privatize/improve/deliver/make cuts in public services私有化／改善／提供／削减公共服务 invest (heavily) in/spend sth on schools/education/public services/(the) infrastructure在学校／教育／公共服务／基础设施上投入（大量）资金 nationalize the banks/the oil industry使银行／石油产业国有化 promise/propose/deliver/give ($80 billion in/significant/substantial/massive) tax cuts承诺／提议／兑现／实行（800 亿美元／大幅度的）减税 a/the budget is approved/ ( especially
NAmE passed by parliament/congress预算经议会／国会通过
Making laws 制定法律
have a majority in/have seats in Parliament/Congress/the Senate在议会／国会／参议院中占多数席位／占有席位 propose/sponsor a bill/legislation/a resolution提交议案／法规／决议 introduce/bring in/draw up/draft/adopt/pass a bill/a law/legislation/measures推出／提出／拟定／起草／采用／通过议案／法律／法规／措施 amend/repeal an act/a law/legislation修正／废除法案／法律／法规 veto/vote against/oppose a bill/legislation/a measure/a proposal/a resolution否决／投票反对／反对议案／法规／措施／提议／决议 get/require/be decided by a majority vote获得／需要多数票；由多数票决定
