Ways of talking about men and women 表示男女的说法

• When you are writing or speaking English it is important to use language that includes both men and women equally. Some people may be very offended if you do not. 说写英语时，重要的是用词要把男女都包括在内，否则可能会冒犯某些人。

The human race 人类

• Man and mankind have traditionally been used to mean 'all men and women'. Many people now prefer to use humanity, the human race, human beings or people. * man 和 mankind 传统上用以指所有男性和女性，不过，现在许多人喜欢用 humanity、the human race、human beings 或 people。

Jobs 职业

• The suffix -ess in names of occupations such as actress, hostess and waitress shows that the person doing the job is a woman. Many people now avoid these. Instead you can use actor or host (although actress and hostess are still very common), or a neutral word, such as server for waiter and waitress. 后缀 -ess 在职业的名称如 actress、hostess 和 waitress 中表明从事此职业的是女性。目前，许多人避免用这些词。取而代之的是 actor 或 host（尽管 actress 和 hostess 仍然很常见）或用中性词如 server 取代 waiter 和 waitress。
• Neutral words like assistant, worker, person or officer are now often used instead of -man or -woman in the names of jobs. For example, you can use police officer instead of policeman or policewoman, and spokesperson instead of spokesman or spokeswoman. Neutral words are very common in newspapers, on television and radio and in official writing, in both BrE and NAmE. 现在职业名称常用中性词如 assistant、worker、person 或 officer 取代 -man 或 -woman。例如可用 police officer 代替 policeman 或 policewoman，用 spokesperson 代替 spokesman 或 spokeswoman。在报刊、电视、广播和公文中，英式英语和美式英语都常用中性词。
• When talking about jobs that are traditionally done by the other sex, some people say: a male secretary / nurse / model (NOT man) or a woman / female doctor / barrister / driver. However this is now not usually used unless you need to emphasize which sex the person is, or it is still unusual for the job to be done by a man/woman. 谈及传统上由另一性别干的工作时，有人用 male secretary/nurse/model（不用 man）或 woman/female doctor/barrister/driver 表示。不过现在这种用法不常见，除非要强调此人的性别，或由某性别干此工作仍然少见：◆My daughter prefers to see a woman doctor. 我的女儿喜欢让女医生看病。◆They have a male nanny for their kids. 他们有个男保姆照料孩子。◆a female racing driver 女赛车手

Pronouns 代词

• He used to be considered to cover both men and women. * he 过去被认为既指男性也指女性：◆Everyone needs to feel he is loved. 人人都需要有被爱的感觉。This is not now acceptable. Instead, after everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, etc. one of the plural pronouns they, them, and their is often used. 现在此用法不获认同。取而代之的是在 everybody、everyone、anybody、anyone、somebody、someone 等之后常用复数代词 they、them 和 their：◆Does everybody know what they want? 人人都知道自己需要什么吗？◆Somebody's left their coat here. 有人把外衣落在这儿了。◆I hope nobody's forgotten to bring their passport with them. 希望没人忘了随身带上护照。
• Some people prefer to use he or she, his or her, or him or her in speech and writing. 有人在口语和书面语中喜欢用 he or she、his or her 或 him or her：◆Everyone knows what's best for him- or herself. 人人都知道对自己来说什么是最好的。 He/she or (s)he can also be used in writing. * he/she 或 (s)he 亦可用于书面语中：◆If in doubt, ask your doctor. He/she can give you more information. 如有疑问请向你的医生咨询，他／她会给你更多的信息。(You may find that some writers just use 'she'.) 有些人只用 she。：These uses can seem awkward when they are used a lot. It is better to try to change the sentence, using a plural noun. 这种说法用得太多可能显得别扭。最好尽量改动句子，用复数名词。：Instead of saying 避免说：◆A baby cries when he or she is tired you can say 可以说：◆Babies cry when they are tired. 婴儿疲倦时会哭。

Eating out 去餐馆吃饭

• eat (lunch/dinner)/dine/meet at/in a restaurant 在一家餐馆吃（午／晚）饭／进餐／碰面
• go (out)/take sb (out) for lunch/dinner/a meal 去／带某人去（外面）吃午饭／吃晚饭／用餐
• have a meal with sb 与某人一起吃饭
• make/have a reservation (in/under the name of Yamada) （以山田的名字）预订座位
• reserve/ (especially BrE) book a table for six 预订一张坐六人的桌子
• ask for/request a table for two/a table by the window 要一张两人桌／靠窗的桌子

In the restaurant 在餐馆

• wait to be seated 等待就座
• show sb to their table 把某人引到桌旁
• sit in the corner/by the window/at the bar/at the counter 坐在角落／窗边／吧台边／柜台边
• hand sb/give sb the menu/wine list 把菜单／酒水单递给某人
• open/read/study/peruse the menu 打开／看／仔细看菜单
• the restaurant has a three-course set menu/a children's menu/an extensive wine list 这餐馆有一个三道菜的套餐／儿童菜单／丰富的酒水单
• taste/sample/try the wine 品尝葡萄酒
• the waiter takes your order 服务生帮你点餐
• order/choose/have the soup of the day/one of the specials/the house (BrE) speciality/(especially NAmE) specialty 点当日例汤／一道特色菜／餐馆特色菜
• serve/finish the first course/the starter/the main course/dessert/coffee 端上／吃完第一道菜／开胃菜／主菜／甜点；端上／喝完咖啡
• complain about the food/the service/your meal 抱怨食物／服务／饭菜不好
• enjoy your meal 享用饭菜

Paying 结账

• pay/ask for (especially BrE) the bill/(NAmE) the check 付账；要求结账
• pay for/treat sb to dinner/lunch/the meal 付晚饭／午饭／饭钱；请某人吃晚饭／午饭／饭
• service is (not) included 不含服务费
• give sb/leave (sb) a tip 给某人小费

Eating out 去餐馆吃饭

• eat (lunch/dinner)/dine/meet at/in a restaurant 在一家餐馆吃（午／晚）饭／进餐／碰面
• go (out)/take sb (out) for lunch/dinner/a meal 去／带某人去（外面）吃午饭／吃晚饭／用餐
• have a meal with sb 与某人一起吃饭
• make/have a reservation (in/under the name of Yamada) （以山田的名字）预订座位
• reserve/ (especially BrE) book a table for six 预订一张坐六人的桌子
• ask for/request a table for two/a table by the window 要一张两人桌／靠窗的桌子

In the restaurant 在餐馆

• wait to be seated 等待就座
• show sb to their table 把某人引到桌旁
• sit in the corner/by the window/at the bar/at the counter 坐在角落／窗边／吧台边／柜台边
• hand sb/give sb the menu/wine list 把菜单／酒水单递给某人
• open/read/study/peruse the menu 打开／看／仔细看菜单
• the restaurant has a three-course set menu/a children's menu/an extensive wine list 这餐馆有一个三道菜的套餐／儿童菜单／丰富的酒水单
• taste/sample/try the wine 品尝葡萄酒
• the waiter takes your order 服务生帮你点餐
• order/choose/have the soup of the day/one of the specials/the house (BrE) speciality/(especially NAmE) specialty 点当日例汤／一道特色菜／餐馆特色菜
• serve/finish the first course/the starter/the main course/dessert/coffee 端上／吃完第一道菜／开胃菜／主菜／甜点；端上／喝完咖啡
• complain about the food/the service/your meal 抱怨食物／服务／饭菜不好
• enjoy your meal 享用饭菜

Paying 结账

• pay/ask for (especially BrE) the bill/(NAmE) the check 付账；要求结账
• pay for/treat sb to dinner/lunch/the meal 付晚饭／午饭／饭钱；请某人吃晚饭／午饭／饭
• service is (not) included 不含服务费
• give sb/leave (sb) a tip 给某人小费